The
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Contact: lacooney@mit.edu
SIVAM
" As an
environmental tool, activists say SIVAM could be invaluable to log data
on plant and animal life, deforestation,
water quality and weather patterns. But it could prove all but worthless
in protecting the forest, given that budget
cuts have left federal environmental agencies strapped for cash.
"Fighting logging has nothing to do with registering that logging is going
on," said Paulo Adario, coordinator of
Greenpeace's Amazon campaign. "It has everything to do with political,
economic and administrative measures."
Logging and fires destroyed 6,095 square miles of Brazil's Amazon in 2001,
an area slightly smaller than half of
Belgium." 23.
GENERAL PICTURE OF THE MAIN AMBIENT IMPACTS - REGION NORTH 24.
|
|
|
|
| I pan of gold | Rondônia
Amapá Pará Amazon (diverse sub-basins of the rivers Amazon, Madeira and Tapajós) |
·Assoreamento
and erosion in the courses d'água
·Pollution of waters, increase of the turbidez and metals heavy ·Formation of population nuclei with great social problems ·Degradation of the landscape ·Degradation of the aquatic life with direct consequences on fishes and the population |
| Industrial mining, Iron, Manganese, Cassiterita, Copper, Bauxite, etc. | Amapá
Amazon Pará-Carajás Rondônia |
·Degradation
of the landscape
·Pollution and assoreamento of the courses d'água ·Great sterilization of areas ·Partner-economic impacts |
| Cattle agriculture and extensive (great farming projects) | All the Amazônia, next to the roads and great cities | ·Forest
fires, destruction of the fauna and flora
·Contamination of the courses d'água for agrotóxicos ·Erosion and assoramento of the courses d'água ·Destruction of areas of natural productivity ·Extrativistas reserves |
| Great Hidrelétricas Plants | Balbina (AM) | ·Cultural
impact - aboriginal tests
·Partner-economic impact ·Flooding of forest, agricultural areas, villages, etc ·Impact on adjacent flora, fauna and ecosystems |
| Industries of Gusa Iron | State of Pará (Program Great Carajás) | ·Demand
of vegetal coal of native forest, deforestation of the Amazonian forest
·Exportation of energy the low value and high ambient cost ·Pollution of waters, air and ground |
| Industrial polar regions and/or great industries | Industrial center of Manaus (Zona Franca) | ·Pollution
of air, water and ground
·Generation of toxic residues ·Conflicts with the urban way |
| Construction of the Transamazônica highway | Fixtures of the highway and its interconnections | ·Great
migrations and great exoduses
·Destruction of the aboriginal culture ·Great farming projects, great forest fires ·Propagation of endemic illnesses ·Demographic explosion and all the consequences of the process |
| Hunting and fishes predatory | In all the Amazônia, next to the roads and great cities | ·Extinguishing
of aquatic mammals and reduction of populations of quelônios and
fish of the Amazonian Basin
·Drastic reduction of animals of values economic and ecological |
| Aluminum industries | Belém | ·Atmospheric
pollution
·Sea pollution ·Indirect impacts for the enormous demand of electric energy |
| Vertiginous population growth (internal migration) | Rondônia
Manaus Belém Amapá |
·Serious
social problems, arriving - in some cases - at an increase of 40% of the
population between 1970 and 1980
·Disordered occupation of the ground with serious consequences on the natural resources |
The
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Contact: lacooney@mit.edu
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Research
Bibliography
***Note: I will update these web-sites as correct bibliographical
entries soon.
1. Palaeoceanography Environmental Change Research Centre
2. Land Surface Hydrology and Water Chemistry The Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA)
3. The source of the Amazon River was just recently discovered. Why did it take so long? National Geographic Society
4. Tropical Deforestation Fact Sheet NASA Earth Observatory
6. Amazonia - Resiliency and Dynamism of the Land and its People Nigel J.H. Smith, Emanuel Adilson S. Serrão, Paulo T. Alvim, and Italo C. Falesi, United Nations University
7. Solving the Amazon?s climate riddle By Ginger Pinholster, SCIENCE
8. Fish in the Trees by Rachel Hauser, NASA Earth Observatory
9. River Seasons by Laura Cheshire, NASA Earth Observatory
10. http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/gsfc/educ/science/2001/01-04-01.htm
11. Amazon Deconstruction: Cause and Effect camille, charlie, hsing hsing, maya, pete, University of Washington
12. "Applications of Hillslope Process Hydrology in Forest Land Management Issues: The Tropical North-East Australian Experience", Mike Bonell
13. Dictionary of Geography, Oxford University Press
14. "WATER
RESOURCES MANAGEMENT FOR ENERGY GENERATION PURPOSES IN STREAMS PRESENTING
STRONG SEASONAL FLOW VARIATIONS - PLANNING ASPECTS",
Bela Petry & Doron Grull
15.
"Analysis of the Streamflow Record Extension for the Xingu River at Babaquara
Maria Elvira Pineiro Maceira and Jorge Machado Damazio
16. Seasonal Variations in the evapotranspiration of a transitional tropical forest of Mato Grosso, Brazil George Vourlitis, Nicolau Priante Filho, Mauro Hayashi, Jose de S. Nogueira, Fernando Caseiro, Jose Holanda Campelo
17. Towards improving natural resources use in Eastern Amazonia through a modified sequential agroforestry system Sa, T.D. de A.; Vielhauer, K.; Kanashiro, M.; Denich, M. and Vlek, P.L.G.
18. Cloud condensation nuclei in the Amazon Basin: "Marine" conditions over a continent? Gregory C. Roberts and Meinrat O. Andreae; Jingchuan Zhou; Paulo Artaxo
19.
Rates and Processes of Amazon Deforestation Michael Glantz, Tandy
Brook, Patricia Parisi
20.
Acid Rain
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
21. Effects of Acid Rain: Lakes and Streams EPA
22. Sea surface temperatures impact weather in Amazon basin Environmental News Network, By Robinson Shaw
23. Giant spy eye opens on world's biggest rainforest, Environmental News Network, by Katherine Baldwin
24. SIVAM
The
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Contact: lacooney@mit.edu