MISSION 2010 Annotated Bibliography Team 3 Wetlands Leigh Casadaban Gillman, Katherine. Oil and Gas in Coastal Lands and Waters. Council of Environmental Quality, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C., April 1977 Gillman
takes a detailed look at the relation between oil and gas and
coastal wetlands.
The first 1/10 describes the current condition, and the rest focuses on alternatives and problem solving plans to protect seas. She separately assesses the influence of OCS oil, tankers, oil ashore, rigs and refineries and platform construction. This is obviously the product of a natural resource background author, not a wetland environmentalist. She finishes with a section on liquefying natural gas and protecting communities and the land. Wren, Kathleen. “Rebuilding Wetlands, Do Hurricanes Help?” MSNBC << http://msnbc.msn.com/id/14927077>> Wren
used statistics from Science and AAAS to state the interesting
argument that
perhaps hurricanes help wetland renewal. Hurricanes Katrina and Rita succeeded in supplying necessary sedimentary silt and other inorganic material to the wetlands. She also clearly states that the worst threats to wetlands today are caused by “canal dredging, sinking of the land due to gas and oil drilling, and the introduction of a plant demolishing rodent called the nutria.” She emphasizes that according to the Army Corps of Engineers, the biggest problem regarding the Mississippi is preventing it from taking its natural path. Instead, water, and therefore sediment, is forced down the same channel and not allowed to flow out and deposit. Holing, Dwight. Coastal Alert, Ecosystems, Energy, and Offshore Oil Drilling. Natural Resources Defense Council and the Central Coast Regional Studies Program. Island Press, Washington, D.C. 1990 Holling
takes a more environmental view of coastal situations relating to
offshore oil
and gas and its effect on ecology and quality of life. In his investigation he describes energy alternatives and government and ecological strategies relating to saving wetlands. He claims that our government is selling our coast to big oil companies based on demand. Turner, Kerry. “Sustainable wetlands: an economic perspective.” Wetlands: Market and Intervention Failures. Earthscan Publications Limited, London. Organization for Economic Co-operation and development, 1990 Turner
analyzes wetlands from an economic standpoint. She first
describes their current
condition through case study examples. She then focuses on the significance of wetland loss and the effect on the economy and society through monetary terms and usefulness as a resource. She attacks the source of the problem in addition to evaluating current observations. Pollution-induced changes (industrial, agricultural and sewerage effluent) are often unnoticed in short-term observations thus stating that our assessment of wetland condition is inaccurate. “The Benefits of Offshore Oil and Gas Development” Oversight Field Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources of the Committee on resources. U.S. House of Representatives August 13, 2005 Taking
place about a month before Katrina, this article relates the
minutes of
a meeting about offshore oil and gas industries. The first speaker, Louisiana congressman Bobby Jindal commends the government on their work on preserving wetlands as well as supporting oil and natural gas extraction. The meeting talks especially to distributing government dollars. Hallowell, Christopher. Holding back the sea: the struggle for America's natural legacy on the Gulf Coast New York, NY : HarperCollins, c2001 Hallowell’s novel style book, written for a general audience, assesses the Gulf Coast’s environmental situation with emphasis on wetland ecology, Louisiana, and environmental conditions. He writes like a local, capturing geological history as well as cultural. He is mainly concerned that the wetlands “are in disarray and in danger of continuing decay,” (xiii). The focus lies in saving “the southern edge of the state, including New Orleans, the stat’s coastal communities, the oil and gas infrastructure, and the region’s abundant marine life” (xiii). His arguments are usually immersed in bauble cultural and historical facts, but are clear and meaningful. Written in 2001 however, the book doesn’t assess Katrina or Rita’s effect on the area, but rather earlier hurricanes like Betsy in 1965. Lotze, Heike K. et al. “Depletion, Degradation, and Recovery Potential of Estuaries and Coastal Seas” Reports, Science, 23 June 2006, VOL 312 This quatitative report written for a specific audience uses rigorous methods to compare and contrast wetlands across the world. It emphasizes the dramatic acceleration of coastal transformations in recent centuries. The article treats Hurricane Katrina as a bottom-line worst case scenario. The graphs included discuss abundance of wetlands, level of species guilds, invasions, depletions and diversity of species. Important aspects are the predictions for future activity and raw data. This article is especially helpful considering it was published not too many months ago. Fitzpatrick, Tim. “New Orleans, Hurricane Katrina, and the Oil Industry” EnvironmentalChemistry.com. June 30, 2006. <http:// EnvironmentalChemistry.com//yogi/environemental/200606katrina.html> This article, though less reliable than the others, gives a very lean and authoritative assessment of hurricane Katrina, the oil industry and New Orleans. The facts are useful and his bibliography and sources seem to be very well formatted and chosen. Stokstad, Erik. “Louisiana’s Wetlands Struggle for Survival.” New Focus. Science 25 November 2005. VOL 310. No 5752, pp. 1264-1266 An authoritative source, this article describes the situation just after hurricane Katrina. It emphasizes historical facts, as well as initial plans to fix the damage. While it covers many plans including the Army Corps of Engineers and National Academy of Sciences (NAS), it puts a lot of hope into a National Academies plan for action, which hope to implement large-scale changes. It quotes respectable sources such as professors at the University of Florida, Gainesville and Louisiana State University. Most importantly, it evaluates sophisticated plans such as Coast 2050, Louisiana Coastal Area (LCA) study, and Mississppi River Gulf Outlet (MRGO). Mississippi State Geological Survey, “Geology and Ground-Water Resources of the Coastal Area in Mississippi” Bulletin 60. Univeristy of Mississippi 1944. While this source is old, it gives a good, detailed background of the mechanics of the coastal area. Complete with geologic maps of the area, it documents all the environmental conditions in rigorous terms. If one has any questions about detailed composition of the coastal areas, this book can offer very well organized raw data. The hardest part is interpreting, and locating the exact information. “Without Restoration, Coastal Land Loss to Continue,” Press Release, National Wetlands Research Center, United States Geological Survey. <http://www.nwrc.usgs.gov/releases/pr03_004.htm> September 2006 This article gives the most authoritative facts because it is produced by the researches first hand. Of the many facts it offers, the most important include land loss figures, restore cost projections, most targeted geographical areas, figures from the census bureau and suspected causes for wetland erosion. Bourne, Joel K. “Gone with the Water” National Geographic Magazine. October 2004 Eerily, this article predicts the effects of a hurricane just like Katrina, except it was written in October 2004. Despite its publication, it is another good resource for reliable facts. After it’s movie-in-print style opening describing a hurricane hitting New Orleans, it reviews the vulnerability of the area. This article is interesting because it presents facts of why Louisiana’s coast might be in danger without using hurricane Katrina as an excuse to further question the area. It mentions the eroding coast, the Mississippi’s redirection, plans by organizations to preserve the area as it was in 2004, projected cost of a restoration plan and the government’s reaction, past engineering effects and even possible restoration plans. It’s mostly very interesting to read and compare to what we know now, post Katrina. Kaiser, Jocelyn. “Recreated Wetlands No Match for Orginal,” Science 6 July 2001 VOL 293. No. 5527, p. 25 Published before Katrina, this
article gives an interesting and unbiased evaluation of
the state of wetlands. This is most helpful for understanding procedures for restoring wetlands. It describes the manner in which restoration must be achieved for full effectiveness. It acts as a check on the Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers since its focus is on a specific report produced by the National Research Council that discusses how uneffective the current restoration plans are. It’s a good general article that introduces this very helpful report. Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act, National Research Council, National Academy of Sciences, June 2001 http:// www.nap.edu/books/0309074320/html Describes in-depth methods to restoring the wetlands and critiques current projects and their affiliated agencies. Though it was only published in June of 2001, it provides great insight into the state and methods necessary to repair wetlands from industrial use and sediment starvation and the resulting erosion. It begins with a chapter which heavily critiques wetland restoration and creation. Then it goes into political situations involving permitting land building, mitigation and achieving “no net loss.” “Coast 2050: Toward a Sustainable Coastal Louisiana,” Louisiana Coastal Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Task Force and the Wetlands Conservation and Restoration Authority. 1998 http:// www.lacoast.gov/ This is a formal report formed by
Federal, State and local officials to
project rebuilding Louisiana’s Coast. This document is well cited in many review articles based on restoring wetlands. It is sectioned into chapters covering the need for a plan, the plan, the current state of Louisiana, reasons for the deterioration, what the coast should be by 2050, consequences if plan is not implemented, the accompanying ecosystem, institutional issues, science and technology required, and finally the urgency for the plan’s implementation. Though written in 1998, it includes 173 pages of tables, graphs, images and factual information about the project. http://www.lca.gov/ http://www.lacoast.gov/ Colten, Craig E. An unnatural metropolis : wresting New Orleans from nature. Baton Rouge : Louisiana State University Press, c2005 http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/293/5527/25a? maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=wetlands&searchid=1&FI RSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5752/1264? maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=wetlands&searchid=1&FI RSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT |