THEORIES OF THE CAUSES OF WAR: "Levels of Analysis" (cont’d)
I. The Level of the Individual (cont’d)
C. Psychological Explanations
for War
i. Individuals are different: when does it matter?
ii. Personality Types: dogmatic, authoritarian, domineering . . .
iii. Stress (A very real problem?what can we do?
iv. Cognitive errors v. motivational errors
--shortcuts in reasoning: analogies v. emotional needs: rationalization
and career advancement
v. Mistakes and blunders: incompetence and the occasional fumble
II. Between Man and State: Governmental Decision Making
A. The Ideal: Rational Actor
Model: never perfect, but the best we could do
B. Incrementalism,
sequential search and satisfycing
C. Organization Theory:
"Standard Operating Procedures"= SOPs
D. Bureaucratic Politics
Model: "where you stand depends upon where you sit"
E. Groupthink: small
group cohesion can be crazy
III. The State
A. Democratic v. Authoritarian
B. Capitalism and
Imperialism
C. The Business Cycle:
good times and Bad times
D. Power, Size and
Development
E. Population: Lebensraum
("living space")
F. Borders
G. Internal Conflict
a. The Scapegoat Theory
b. "Kick them While they’re down" Wars or "Death Watch Wars"
c. Revolutionary States
H. War weariness
I. Nationalism
and Ethnic Conflict; Culture and Religion