Feb. 8, 2000 // 17.423 // Cramer, Gabbitas, & Goldstone

THEORIES OF THE CAUSES OF WAR: "Levels of Analysis" (cont’d)

I. The Level of the Individual (cont’d)
         C. Psychological Explanations for War
              i. Individuals are different: when does it matter?
              ii. Personality Types: dogmatic, authoritarian, domineering . . .
              iii. Stress (A very real problem?what can we do?
              iv. Cognitive errors v. motivational errors
                    --shortcuts in reasoning: analogies v. emotional needs: rationalization and career advancement
               v. Mistakes and blunders: incompetence and the occasional fumble

II.  Between Man and State: Governmental Decision Making
        A. The Ideal: Rational Actor Model: never perfect, but the best we could do
        B.  Incrementalism, sequential search and satisfycing
        C.  Organization Theory: "Standard Operating Procedures"= SOPs
        D.  Bureaucratic Politics Model: "where you stand depends upon where you sit"
        E.  Groupthink: small group cohesion can be crazy

III.  The State
        A.  Democratic v. Authoritarian
        B.  Capitalism and Imperialism
        C.  The Business Cycle: good times and Bad times
        D.  Power, Size and Development
        E.  Population: Lebensraum ("living space")
        F.  Borders
        G.  Internal Conflict
                a.  The Scapegoat Theory
                b.  "Kick them While they’re down" Wars or "Death Watch Wars"
                c.  Revolutionary States
        H.  War weariness
        I.    Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict; Culture and Religion