Grammar Notes 第 3 課 B

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I．Adjectivals＋Nominals

 
 Direct-style Adjectivals (-い form) can modify nominals by occoring
immediately before them.

 
れい(Examples)


 1. おおきいほんですねえ。		
     It's a big book, isn't it?
 2. むずかしいにほんごでしたよ。	
     It was difficult Japanese.
 3. A:おもしろいざっしじゃありませんか。
     Isn't it an interesting magazine?
    B:これですか。おもしろくないですよ。
     This?  It's not interesting.
 4. A:どのワープロですか。		
     Which word processor is it?
    B:あのやすいワープロです。		
     It is that cheap word processor over there.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Express the following in Japanese.

  1. It's a fresh cake.
  2. They were cheap cakes.
  3. It's not an interesting book, is it!
  4. A: Is it an expensive word processor?
    B: No, it isn't expensive.
  5. A: Was it easy Japanese?
    B: Hmm... It wasn't very easy, I'm telling you.
  6. A: Which one is it?
    B: It's that small dictionary over there.

II．Counting　10，000（-万[まん]）

 
 
れい(Examples)


 1. １０，０００	[いちまん]		
 2. ４５，０００	[よんまんごせん]
 3. １３０，０００	[じゅうさんまん]
 4. A: いくらでしたか。			
     How much was it?
    B: １８，０００円でした。	
     It was 18,000-yen.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Express the following in Japanese.

  1. It's 70,000-yen.
  2. Do you mean this one? It's 16,500-yen.
  3. Do you mean this computer? It was 240,000-yen.
  4. It was 907,500-yen! It was expensive, wasn't it?

III．Phrase−particle　と

 
      X と Y (と z...)	"X and Y (and Z...)" 
      Note: と connects only nominals.
            **やさしいとおもしろいです。(Adjectivals)
            **たべますとのみます。(Verbals)
            You will learn how to connect other word classes later on.

 
れい(Examples)


 1. A: どれですか。			
     Which one is it?
    B: これとそれです。			
     This one and that one.
 2. A: どなたですか。			
     Who are they?
    B: すずきさんとたなかさんです。	
     They are Mr. Suzuki and Mr. Tanaka.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Express the following in Japanese.

  1. (I mean) this book and that dictionary (over there).
  2. (I mean) Mr. Tanaka and Mr. Suzuki.
  3. A: Did you use (it) taday?
    B: No, I used (it) yesterday and the day before yesterday.

IV．Usage　of　Nominal　の

 
 Compare 	
     a. ふるいコンピューターです。	
     b. ふるいのです。

 
れい(Examples)


 Customer: いくらですか。		
     How much is it?
 Clerk:    どのコンピューターですか。	
     Which computer (do you mean)?
 Customer: そのおおきいのです。		
     The big one (near you).
 Clerk:    これですか。			
     (You mean) this?
 Customer: はい、それです。		
     Yes, that one.
 Clerk:    ２，８００ドルです。		
     It is $2,800.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Respond to the following questions.

  1. どれですか。
    (That small one.)
  2. どれですか。
    (That one over there.)
  3. あたらしいざっしですね。
    (You mean this one? No, it's not a new one.)

MN

 
 1. Usage of ぜんぜん ((not) at all):
    ぜんぜん usually occurs with Negative Form of a predicate: 
    e.g. 1. ぜんぜん わかりません。	
            (I don't understand (it) at all.)
         2. ぜんぜん おもしろくありませんでした。
            (It was not interesting at all.)
    Note: ぜんぜん may occur with Affirmative Form of a predicate, if 
          the predicate in questions has a negative connotation.  Examine 
          the following:
	  ぜんぜん だめです。 
          (It's totally no good.)
          ぜんぜん ちがいます。 
          (It's totally wrong.)
 2. Usage of ほとんど：
    e.g. 1.ほとんど１万円でした。	
           (It was almost 10,000 yen.)
         2.ほとんどできました。		
           (I've managed most of (it).)
         3.ほとんどたべません。         
           (I hardly eat it.)

 3. Usage of へえ: great surprise

 4. Usage of やっぱり: after all..it turned out like this/ as I expected

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