Grammar Notes 第 5 課 A

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I．Operational/Affective　Verbals

Ａ: Operational Verbals

　1.　スミスさんが(は)、　　　テニスを　　　　　　　　　します。
　　（ｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒ）　（ｏｐｅｒａｎｄ）　（ｏｐｅｒ．ｖｅｒｂａｌ）

　2.あ、 田中さんが　　　　　　　来ました。
　　（ｏｐｅｒａｔｏｒ）　（ｏｐｅｒ．ｖｅｒｂａｌ）

　　Note: all verbals which take Nominal+を are Operational Verbals.

Ｂ: Affective Verbals： 分かります;いります;あります;できます

    1.     山本さんが(は)、     ロシアごが          分かります。
           Primary Affect       Secondary Affect     Affective Verbal
    2.     (わたしが(は)、)     かみが  四まい          いります。
           Primary Affect       Secondary Affect     Affective Verbal

    Notes: 1. Affective Verbals are related to conditions or occurrances 
              apart from human decision, will, or volition.
           2. They never occur with Nominal+を phrases, but may occur with 
              two Nominal-が phrases.

    Examine the following situations:

    a.[A is having a difficulty reading a character, and asks...]
      A: だれがこのかんじが分かりますか。
         Who understands this kaji?
      B: チャンさんが分かります。        
         Mr. Chang does.
    b.[They are discussing what kind of sports Mr. Tanaka can play...]
      A: 田中さんは、テニスができますか。
         Can you play tennis, Mr. Tanaka?      
      B: いいえ、テニスはできませんけど、フットボールはできます。        
         No, I cannot play tennis, but I can play football.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Ask the appropriate questions based on the situations.

[There are delicious-looking desserts arranged on a table. Miss Smith made the cake. Mr. Suzuki made the pie. Prof. Tanaka bought the ice cream.]

  1. Who made this cake?
  2. Miss Smith did.
  3. Did Miss Smith make this pie, too?
  4. As for that pie, (he) didn't make it.
  5. How about this ice cream?
  6. As for that ice cream, Prof. Tanaka bought it.

[Mr. Suzuki is making a list of things that his colleagues want him to get from the stationery store. Mr. Yamada needs ten notebooks, Miss Tanaka needs ten black ballpoint pens, and Mr. Kato needs three big envelopes. The store has notebooks and black ballpoint pens, but only small envelopes.]

  1. What does Mr. Yamada need?
  2. He needs ten notebooks.
  3. Does he need ballpoint pens, too?
  4. No, he doesn't. As for ballpoint pens, Miss Tanaka needs them.
  5. How many ballpoint pens does Miss Tanaka need?
  6. She needs ten.
  7. What kind of ones does she need?
  8. She needs black ones.
  9. Who needs envelopes?
  10. Mr. Kato needs them.
  11. He needs big ones and small ones, doesn't he?
  12. No, he needs big ones, but doesn't need small ones.

II．Nominal＋だけ "to the extent of N; just N; only N"

 
れい(Examples)


 1. これだけ、かいました。       
   I bought only this/just this (much).
 2. 山田さんだけ 行きます。      
   Only Mr. Yamada will go.
 3. ペンが一本だけあります。     
   There is only/just one pen.

 Notes: 

 1.だけ takes the place of the particle (が and を).

 2.Ｘは、Ｙだけです pattern         
   "X(general category) is described by y-limitation."

   a. ケーキは、これだけです。      
      As for cakes, we only have this (much).
   b. えんぴつは、くろいのだけです。
      As for pencils, we only have black ones.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Express the following in Japanese.

  1. I will eat just pie.
  2. I bought just two bottles of wine.
  3. Speaking of blue ones, there are only three. [talking about cakes]
  4. A: Do you have any more black ones? [talking about buttons]
    B: As for black ones, it is just those.

III．もう＋Quantity　"more (in terms of quantity)"

 
れい(Examples)


 1.もういちど、おねがいします。          
   Once more, please.
 2.あおいのをもう二本、ください。        
   Please give me two more blue ones.
 3.もうすこし(orもうちょっと)ありますか。
   Do you have a little more?
 
 Note: もっと is also "more", but it either occurs alone or as a verbal/
       adjectival modifier.

 a.こんなかみをもっとください。     
   Please give me more of this kind of paper.
 b.もっと安いのをかいませんか。     
   Won't you buy a cheaper one?

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Insert もう or もっと.

  1. _________ 大きいノートがありますか。
  2. _________ すこし小さいかさを見せてください。
  3. きいろいかみは、__________ ございますよ。
  4. これを_________ 三つ、おねがいします。
  5. _________ 千円いります。

MN

 1.すこし vs. ちょっと

 2.ございます--polite equivalent of あります

 3.The Japanese counting series:
   一つ、二つ、三つ、四つ… いくつ？

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