Grammar Notes 第 7 課 A

• I．Phrase−Particles：まで， へ／に ，で
• II．V−Gerund＋来ます "(go somewhere and) do V and come (back)"
• III．Politeness： In Group vs．Out Group
• IV．Polite　Request "Would you please do V/give me X?"
• V．Animate　Location：います/おります(↓)/いらっしゃいます(↑)
• Miscellaneous Notes

Ａ：Ｘまで "as far as X; up to X" 
    まで indicates an ending point of both time and place.

1.こうえんまで行きました。        I went (up) to the park.
2.レッスン６までしました。        I have done up to lesson 6.
3.フランスまでは行きましたけど…  I went (at least) as far as France, but...


Ｂ：Ｘへ[e]/Ｘに ＋ predicate of motion  "movements to or towards X"

    へ and に are often used interchangeably. へ focuses on direction of a
    movement, while に focuses on point of arrival or direct contact.

1.あしたまたこちらへ/に来てください。Please come here tomorrow again.
2.とうきょうへ/にも行きました。      I went to Tokyo as well.

Note: へ and に are not alway interchangeable:

3.このかみにかいてください。         Please write it on this paper.
4.こうばんは、えきのむこうにあります。 The police box is located beyond the station.


Ｃ：Ｘで＋predicate of activity  "activity takes place at/in X"
    で indicates location of activity.  で cannot be used to indicate location
    of existence/direct contact.


Examples:
1. 日本でこの本をかいました。      I bought this book in Japan.
2. あのレストランでもたべましたか。Did you eat at that restaurant also?
3. こんなコンピューターは、日本でもアメリカでもよくつかいますか。
         Do they use this kind of computer a lot in Japan and in America?
   日本ではよくつかいますけど、アメリカではほとんどつかいません。
         In Japan they use (it) a lot, but in America they almost never use it.

 Compare    

     a.ここにあります。  It is (located) here.
     b.ここでかきます。  I will write it here (in this room). 
     c.ここにかきます。  I will write it here (on this paper).

れんしゅう--Express the following in Japanese.

1. I went as far as the bank.
2. I went to France.
3. I bought this dictionary at that bookstore.
4. I went to the American Embassy in Tokyo.
5. I finished up to p. 10 (e.g. talking about some homework).
6. How far are you going?
7. Where are you going?
8. A:Where in Japan did you go?
   B:I went to Tokyo and Osaka.
9. A:Did you go to Kyoko, too?
   B:No, I didn't go to Kyoto.
10. I went to a Japanese restaurant in Boston. I ate delicious sushi there.

1.ちかのあたらしいきっさてんで、コーヒーをのんできます。

I will drink coffee in the new coffeshop in the basement (and then come back). 

2.えきの前の本やへ行ってきます。  

I'll go to the bookstore in front of the station and then come back.

れんしゅう--Express the following in Japanese.

1. I'll go and buy a newspaper (and come back).
2. I'll go and buy a newspaper at that kiosk (and come back).
3. Did you drink coffee (and come here)?

1. Distance:  distal style vs. direct style

2. Politeness:
      Honorific politeness (↑)
      Humble politeness (↓)
      Neutral politeness (＋)

3. Shift of group affliation

     V-Gerund＋くださいませんか？
     Nominal(を)＋くださいませんか？

Compare:

   しんぶんをかってきてください。
   しんぶんをかってきてくださいませんか。

      

1.先生、このかんじをおしえてくださいませんか。
        Teacher, please help me with this kanji?
2.コーヒー(を)もうすこしくださいませんか。
        May I please have a little more coffee?

れんしゅう--Express the following requests politely.

1. Please xerox about 10 copies of this.
2. Please go and buy some ice cream (and come back).
3. Please write your name on this paper.

 Notes: 1.います expresses the existance of animate beings.
        2.The humble version of います is おります↓ and the honorific
          version is いらっしゃいます↑.

Compare:

田中さんは、あそこにいます。       Mr.Tanaka is over there.
田中さんの車は、あそこにあります。 Mr.Tanaka's car is over there.

1.[A visitor] A: 山本さん、いらっしゃいますか。Is Mr.Yamamoto here?
  [colleague] B: いまおりませんが…            He's not here right now.

2. 電話は二かいに三がいにもございます。   
         There are telephones both on the second and third floors.

/PRE>



 れんしゅう--Express the following in Japanese.


[A colleague has asked you where Mr.Namamura (another colleague) is.]

   Mr. Nakamura is at the coffee shop on the fourth floor.
[You have been asked by a stranger where the bookstore is...]

   The bookstore in on the second floor of this department store.
[You are visiting a firm. To the secretary...]

   You: Where is Mr. Kato?
	
   Secretary: (She's) at the underground bookstore. 
[A visiter from a company has asked where your colleague Mr. Yamamoto is.]

   He is on the third floor of this building.
[A visiter from a company has asked you where the telephone is.]

   The telephone is in the next (room).
[To a guest (politely)]
 
Please stay (lit. be (here)) a little longer.




MN

 l.Suffix や for "... shop/store"

 2.行ってきます…行ってらっしゃい…おかえりなさい


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