9.うちの弟が_____
a.
__O___ うかがった。
“My younger brother asked (to out-group).”
(humble, casual)
b.
__X___ やわらかくなさった。
なさる is an honorific equivalent
of する、therefore, cannot be used for your in-group’s action. The correct
form is うちの弟がやわらかくした”My younger brother made it soft,”
( casual) or うちの弟がやわらかくいたしました” My younger brother made it soft
(for the sake of out-group).” (humble)
c.
__X___ めしあがった。
めしあがる is an honorific
equivalent of食べる／飲む, and it cannot be used for your in-group’s action. The correct
form is うちの弟が食べた／飲んだ。” My younger brother ate/drank,” or
うちの弟がいただきました” My younger brother ate/drank (something
offered by an out-group).’ (humble)
d.
__O___ お連れした。
“My younger brother took someone (out-group)
to
(some place).” (humble, casual)
e.
__O___ 元気すぎた。
“ My younger brother was too energetic.”
(casual)
10. _____方がけんこうにいいです。
a.
__X___ すっぱいの
方 is a nominal, and it
requires connective の to follow Nominal の. The correct from is
すっぱいのの方がけんこうにいいです “The alternative of the sour one
is better for your health,” or すっぱい方がけんこうにいいです”the sour
alternative is better for your health.”
b.
__X___ やさいや
Particleやis used only
between the nominals listed up. Therefore, the correct form should be やさいの方がいいです “The
alternative of vegetables is better.” One example sentence using や is; やさいや魚の方がいいです “The alternative of vegetables,
fish, and others, are better.”
c.
__O___ 中華（か）料理の “ the alternative of Chinese cooking is
better.”
11. きらい_____
a.
__X___から、いらない。
きらい is a nominal, thus
it requires nominal predicate ending before から. The correct form is
きらいだから、いらない”Because I dislike it, I don’t need it.”
(casual)
b.
__O___だったので、たのまなかった。
“ Because
I didn’t like it, I didn’t order it.” (casual)
c.
__X___ くだ物はありますか。
きらい is a な nominal, hence
it needs な to modify other nominal. The correct from is きらいなくだ物はありますか “Is there any fruit you don’t like?”
d.
__X___なった。
Note that
[Nominal]+になる. The correct from is きらいになった” I came to dislike
it.” (casual)
e.
__X___ のです。
の is a nominal の, and きらい is a な nominal. Therefore,
if you want to say “ It is the one I dislike,” it has to be きらいなのです。Note
that this sentence can also mean “(it is that) I dislike it” in writing.
f.
__O___ だろうと思う。” I think s/he
probably dislike it.”
12. おかし____ 好きです。
a.
__X___ を
The object
of 好き should be marked by が, not を. The correct
from is おかしが好きです “ I like sweets.’
b.
__X___ に
Refer to
the above.
c.
__O___ より “
I like it better than sweets / I prefer it to sweets.”
d.
__X___ ほど
Note that
ほどis used with negative predicate in a comparative sentence. The
correct from is おかしほど好きじゃありません” I don’t like it as much as sweets,” or おかしより好きです “I
like it better than sweets.”
e.
__X___ や
や only comes between nominals
which are listed up. An example sentence using や is; おかしやパンが好きです”I
like sweets, bread and the like.”
f.
__X___ の方
If you want
to say, “I like (the alternative of) sweets better,” you cannot omit particleが since おかしの方 is the
new information and the information you want to emphasize. The correct form
is おかしの方が好きです.
13. コーヒーは、こい_____
a.
__O___ のにして。
“As for coffee, please make it to be a strong one.”
(casual,
request)
b.
__X___で、よかった。
で is a nominal gerund,
whereas こい is an adjectival. The correct form is こくて、よかった “ As for the coffee, being strong, it was good.” (casual)
c.
__X___ の方がよくない？
It has to
be either こい方がよくない？ “Isn’t the stronger alternative better?” or こいのの方がよくない？
“ Isn’t the alternative of strong one better?” (casual, negative Q)
d.
__O___から飲めない。”Because the coffee
is strong, I cannot drink it.”
e.
__X__ すぎる。
Note that
Adj [Root]+すぎる. The correct form is こすぎる “The coffee is too
strong.”
14. せっかく_____
a.
__O___ 連れていったけど、、、”I took him
there with special effort,
but…” (casual)
b.
__X___ ので、そとの席にした。
せっかく is a nominal, and
cannot directly connect with ので. The correct from is
せっかくなので、そとの席にした
“ Because I took special trouble/effort (to come here etc.), I decided on a outside seat. (casual)
c.
__X___ けど、おなかがいっぱいです。
けど follows predicates,
not directly follows nominal. Thus, the correct from is せっかくです（だ）けど、おなかがいっぱいです “It is especially (kind of you with special effort), but I am
full.” (used when refusing an offer politely)
d.
__X___ から、ゆっくり話しましょう。
から,a clause particle,
follows predicates, not directly follows nominal. Thus, the correct form
is せっかくだから、ゆっくり話しましょう” Since you took all the trouble (to come here etc.), Let’s talk leisurely.” (casual, request)
e.
__O___ のおみやげですから、、、” Since it’s
a souvenir that special
effort has been made for…”
15. _____おります。
a.
__X___ 山田先生が
おる, a humble/neutral polite
equivalent of いる cannot be used to describe out-group’s existence. The correct
form is 山田先生がいらっしゃいます “Prof. Yamada is here/will come.” (honorific)
b.
__O___ できて “
It has been done/made.” (neutral polite)
c.
__O___ 二人 “
There are two people.” (humble)
d.
__X___ からい物が
おる cannot be used to indicate
an existence of inanimate object. The correct form is からい物があります “there are spicy things.” If you want to
be polite, からい物がございます (neutral polite)
e.
__O___ うけつけになって “It has been made to an reception desk.”
(neutral polite)
f.
__X___ 三名さま
〜名（めい）さまis a formal classifier
to count people (out-group), therefore, you should not use おる, humble form,
to indicate the existence of out-group people. The correct form is 三名さまいらっしゃいます
(There are three people (here/coming).” (honorific)
g.
__X___ 中で
で is a particle which
indicates a place of action, not a place of existence. The correct form is
中におります “I will be inside.” (humble)
h.
__O___ 待って “I
will be/ am waiting.” (humble)
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