3.091 Introduction to Solid State Chemistry

SYLLABUS:

This subject teaches basic principles of chemistry and shows how they apply in describing the behavior of the solid state

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. The relationship between electronic structure, chemical bonding, and crystal structure is developed. Attention is given to characterization of atomic and molecular arrangements in crystalline and amorphous solids: metals, ceramics, semiconductors and polymers (including proteins). Each lecture ends with a five-minute segment presenting a "real world" application of the subject. Examples are drawn from industrial practice (including the environmental impact of chemical processes), from energy generation and storage, e.g., batteries and fuel cells, and from emerging technologies, e.g., biomaterials.

1. General Principles of Chemistry

Introduction: elements and compounds, chemical formulas and reactions

Evolution of atomic theory: Bohr model of hydrogen, Bohr-Sommerfeld model and multi-electron
atoms, atomic spectra, Heisenberg, de Broglie, Schrödinger

The Periodic Table: aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle, and Hund's rules

Primary Bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic, van der Waals

Secondary Bonding: dipole-dipole, dipole-induced dipole, London dispersion, hydrogen

The Shapes of Molecules: electron domain theory

Organic Compounds: nomenclature, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, functional groups, alcohols and ethers

2. Solid State Chemistry: Basic Concepts and Applications

Crystal Structure: 7 crystal systems, 14 Bravais lattices, cubic crystals

Characterization of Structure: x-rays, electrons, neutrons

Band Theory, semiconductors, and devices

Imperfections in Solids: point, line, surface

Amorphous Solids:

inorganic glasses (oxides, metallic)

organic glasses (polymers)

Liquids and Solutions: solubility rules, acids, bases, pH, buffers

Biochemistry: amino acids, peptides and proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, protein biosynthesis

Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Reaction Kinetics: rate laws, Arrhenius equation

Diffusion: Fick's first and second laws

Phase Stability: unary and binary phase diagrams