import math

class Shape(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z):
        self.center = (x, y, z)

class Shape2D(Shape):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        Shape.__init__(self, x, y, 0)
    def perimeter(self):
        raise NotImplementedError
    def area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

class Shape3D(Shape):
    def surface_area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError
    def volume(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

class Rectangle(Shape2D):
    def __init__(self, x, y, height, width):
        Shape2D.__init__(self, x, y)
        self.height = height
        self.width = width
    def perimeter(self):
        return 2*self.width + 2*self.height
    def area(self):
        return self.width*self.height

class Square(Rectangle):
    def __init__(self, x, y, length):
        Rectangle.__init__(self, x, y, length, length)

class Circle(Shape2D):
    def __init__(self, x, y, radius):
        Shape2D.__init__(self, x, y)
        self.radius = radius
    def perimeter(self):
        return 2*math.pi*self.radius
    def area(self):
        return math.pi*(self.radius)**2

class RectangularPrism(Shape3D):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z, length_x, width_y, height_z):
        Shape3D.__init__(self, x, y, z)
        self.length = length_x
        self.width = width_y
        self.height = height_z
    def surface_area(self):
        return 2*self.length*self.width + 2*self.length*self.height + 2*self.width*self.height
    def volume(self):
        return self.length*self.width*self.height

class Cube(RectangularPrism):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z, length):
        RectangularPrism.__init__(self, x, y, z, length, length, length)

class Sphere(Shape3D):
    def __init__(self, x, y, z, radius):
        Shape3D.__init__(self, x, y, z)
        self.radius = radius
    def surface_area(self):
        return (4.0/3.0)*math.pi*self.radius**2
    def volume(self):
        return 4*math.pi*self.radius**3