Notation

All vectors will be expressed as column vectors. The typographic convention used for a column vector x is . Row vectors will be represented by the transpose of a column vector. For example, if we wish to represent the row vector:

we would first define a column vector:

Then, the row vector would be expressed as:

The Matlab command `` x = [1 2 3]'' generates a row vector. To generate a column vector in Matlab , we use the transpose command `` .''' So, of the previous example would be declared in Matlab by `` x = [1 2 3].'''. Note, that the Matlab command `` ''' is really the adjoint (denoted as ). The adjoint of a is defined as the complex conjugate of the transpose of , i.e. . Of course for real vectors, the adjoint and the transpose are the same. Just beware when dealing with complex vectors!