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Federal, state and local government organizations exist to respond to a biodefense emergency, whatever its cause, and to unusual disease outbreaks. The main federal agency for biodefense is the new Department of Homeland Security (DHS, http://www.dhs.gov/), which is charged with both preventing and containing bioterrorist incidents. Within the Department of Homeland Security is the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). The purpose of this agency is defined at its web site (http://www.fema.gov/) as follows:
The mission and overriding objective of DHS/FEMA’s Preparedness Division is to help the nation be ready to respond to disasters and incidents of all kinds.
FEMA’s preparedness effort is based on the notion that the foundation of an effective national emergency response system consists of a comprehensive, risk-based emergency preparedness program for all hazards. It recognizes that a strong national capacity for incident and emergency response is based on a single response infrastructure for all emergencies and disasters, no matter what the cause.FEMA’s Preparedness Division develops and delivers emergency management and first responder training programs; coordinates and develops plans, resources and national standards for emergency response operations; and develops and coordinates assessments and exercises.
The Preparedness Division supports the fire services, emergency management and the first responder communities through grants, education and training, and it and oversees community response plans for chemical and nuclear hazards.
FEMA’s Preparedness Division is headed by R. David Paulison, Preparedness Division Director and U.S. Fire Administrator.
The US Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS, http://www.hhs.gov/) shares these responsibilities. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta plays a special role in assisting first responders with medical response (http://www.cdc.gov/). Within the DHHS, the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID, http://www.niaid.nih.gov/) is the agency that oversees the new research projects to develop medical defenses against biological agents that could be used in a terrorist attack.