Prof. Newman's Other Research Interests

Humans have evolved in and are optimally developed for the Earth-normal 1 g (9.8 m/s2 ) environment. Are the mechanics and energetic requirements of human performance across the continuum of gravity from microgravity (0 g) to lunar and Martian gravity levels (1/6 g and 3/8 g, respectively) to hypergravity (>1 g) altered from the 1 g mechanics and energetics? The multidisciplinary research effort combines aerospace bioengineering, human-in-the-loop dynamics and control modeling, biomechanics, human interface technology, life sciences, and systems analysis and design. The research studies are carried out through flight experiments, ground-based simulations, and mathematical and computer modeling.

Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Research
Modeling the dynamics of human performance: To develop the computational capabilities to accurately model the complete integrated dynamic system preflight (e.g., astronaut, Orbiter, remote manipulator arm, and a spinning satellite). Quantitative analysis of humans performing extravehicular activity (EVA) and intravehicular activity (IVA) is investigated through inverse dynamics, Lagrangian techniques, and Kane's theory of dynamics.

Dynamics and Control of Astronaut Motion
Adaptive physiological control: Engineering control theory is applied to human physiological systems. Characterization of dynamic motion control strategies is quantified through hierarchical control strategies, vestibular and proprioceptive feedback, and musculoskeletal impedance control. Insight into adaptive mechanisms operating on these motor programs is gained by focusing in particular on the changes in control strategies resulting from exposure to microgravity.

Etiology of perceived strength changes in the muscles
Following exposure to locomotion under simulated partial gravity, there is a possible musculoskeletal adaptation. The specific aims of this effort are to: measure the muscular strength, stretch reflex latency, and overall mechanical impedance of muscles; test the hypothesis that the perceived feeling of muscular weakness following a brief interval of locomotion under simulated reduced gravity is not due to changes at the level of the muscle or the stretch reflex; and measure and characterize the recovery period following locomotion at reduced gravity.

Computer simulation and animation:
Mathematical programming for analytical models that simulate in-space operations and activities. Developing 3-D visualization and animation packages for the dynamics and control research efforts. All computer simulations are verified with experimental data. Future efforts may include haptic input devices and virtual reality technologies to enhance the computer simulations.

16.00 Introduction to Aerospace Engineering and Design
The objective of the course is to present the fundamental concepts and approaches of engineering design, in the context of aerospace engineering. A real-world hands-on engineering design project offers Freshman a challenging, exciting, and practical learning experience. An interatcive presentation on the course provides more details.