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Dava J. NewmanProfessor of Aeronautics and Astronautics and Engineering SystemsDirector of Technology and Policy ProgramMacVicar Faculty Fellow
Campus Office: Room 33-307
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Humans have evolved in and are optimally developed for the Earth-normal 1 G (9.8 m/s2) environment. Are the mechanics and energetic requirements of human performance across the continuum of gravity from microgravity (0 G) to lunar and Martian gravity levels (1/6 G and 3/8 G, respectively) to hypergravity (>1 G) altered from the 1 G mechanics and energetics? The multidisciplinary research effort combines aerospace bioengineering, human-in-the-loop dynamics and control modeling, biomechanics, human interface technology, life sciences, and systems analysis and design. The research studies are carried out through flight experiments, ground-based simulations, and mathematical and computer modeling. Other research efforts include advanced space suit design and navigation aids for EVA astronauts.
Modeling the dynamics of human performance: To develop the computational capabilities to accurately model the complete integrated dynamic system preflight (e.g., astronaut, Orbiter, remote manipulator arm, and a spinning satellite). Quantitative analysis of humans performing extravehicular activity (EVA) and intravehicular activity (IVA) is investigated through inverse dynamics, Lagrangian techniques, and Kane's theory of dynamics.
Adaptive physiological control: Engineering control theory is applied to human physiological systems. Characterization of dynamic motion control strategies is quantified through hierarchical control strategies, vestibular and proprioceptive feedback, and musculoskeletal impedance control. Insight into adaptive mechanisms operating on these motor programs is gained by focusing in particular on the changes in control strategies resulting from exposure to microgravity. Studies include pre- and post-flight astronaut jumping performance and novel false platform experiments where subjects "fall through the floor" to elicit preprogrammed motor control strategies.
The objective of this project is to build walking assistive devices for the physically handicapped by combining a deep understanding of the mechanism of walking, the physiology of the human body and engineering insight. This project began with the goal of building a Powered Assistive Walking Device for Paraplegics. This device would be inconspicuously mounted on a paraplegic and have compact actuators with an adaptive control system that would allow them to walk extended periods of time. There is an extensive background of assistive walkers.
Current work is being done on modeling of the leg, specially the ankle, and developing an adaptive Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO), a custom-designed ankle brace to allow weakened individuals to walk normally.
The Enhanced Dynamic Load Sensors (EDLS) experiment is currently on board the Russian MIR space station. Investigation of the dynamic response inside the spacecraft/vehicle including disturbances by crewmembers and investigations of the fundamental consequences of microgravity on living organisms during space flight. Engineering analysis, hardware design, and ground-based scientific studies precede flight opportunities. Astronaut crew disturbance to the microgravity environment as measured by crew-induced loads in the middeck of the Space Shuttle. Follow-on experiments might include mitigation devices as well as an assessment of crew force measurements during Shuttle/MIR flights.
Mathematical programming for analytical models that simulate in-space operations and activities. Developing 3-D visualization and animation packages for the dynamics and control research efforts. All computer simulations are verified with experimental data. Future efforts may include haptic input devices and virtual reality technologies to enhance the computer simulations.
Note: some publications are linked to abstracts.
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updated 1/24/2012
