Exobiological Aspects of Carbonaceous Chondrites: Annotated Bibliography, Section VIII
by Norman Redington and Karen Ræ Keck
NOTE: Please send us any references we may have missed. This project is being updated often. redingtn@mit.edu
Nucleotides + Aromatic Compounds
A. Shimoyama, et al., 1990 Geochemical Journal 24:343.
L.L. Hua, 1986 Origins of Life 16:226.
L.L. Hua, et al., 1985 Origins of Life 16:226.
M.H. Briggs, 1963 Life Sciences 2:63.
R. Hayatsu, 1964 Science 146:1291.
B.T. Commins and J.S. Harrington, 1966 Nature 212:273.
R.J. Olson, et al., 1967 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 31:1935.
J. Oró, et al., 1971 Nature 230:105.
K.L. Pering and C. Ponnamperuma, 1971 Science 173:237.
C.E. Folsome, et al., 1971 Nature 232:108.
M.H. Studier, et al., 1972 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 36:189.
C.E. Folsome, et al., 1973 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 37:455.
R. Hayatsu, et al., 1975 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 39:471.
R. Hayatsu, et al., 1977 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 41:1325.
P.G. Stoks and A.W. Schwartz, 1979 Nature 282:709.
P.G. Stoks and A.W. Schwartz, 1981 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 45:563.
A. Shimoyama, et al., 1986 Origins of Life 16:215.
J.R. Cronin, et al., 1987 Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51:299.
L.J. Allamandola, et al., 1987 Science 237:56.
T.J. Wdowiak, et al., 1988 Astrophysical Journal 328:L75.
T.J. Wdowiak, et al., 1988 Astrophysics And Space Science Library 149 (Exp. Cosmic Dust Analogues):145.
L. Kovalenko, et al., 1992 Analytical Chemistry 64:682.
L. Becker, et al, 1994 Nature 372:507.
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NUCLEOTIDES:
Report finding some nucleic acid bases in Yamato-74662 and -791198 but not in Yamato-793321 or Belgica-7904.
HPLC analysis of Murchison, Murray, and Orgueil reveals presence of all five nucleic acid bases.
Report on discovery of all five nucleic acid bases by HPLC and mass spectroscopy in Murchison, Murray, and Orgueil.
AROMATIC COMPOUNDS:
Reports discovery of urea, acetamide, and various aromatic acids in carbonaceous chondrites.
Identifies purines and other organic nitrogen compounds in Orgueil sample. Large amounts of sym-triazine derivatives, of no biological significance, are noted.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons reported in Cold Bokkeveld and Orgueil carbonaceous chondrites. Remarks that there are several possible origins (extraterrestrial; atmospheric pyrolysis; burning of material at impact site; contamination).
Found very small quantities of aromatic hydrocarbons in extracts from a number of carbonaceous chondrites.
Reports discovery of amino acids, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. They are approximately racemic, suggesting a non-biological origin.
Reports discovery in the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite of aromatic hydrocarbons, distributed in a way suggesting they were synthesized at high temperatures.
Reports discovery of heterocyclic compounds indigenous to the Murchison meteorite.
Defend idea that Fischer-Tropsch reaction can account for most (though not all) properties of meteorite organic matter. Also report on extraction of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, as well as porphyrin-like pigments, from Murchison carbonaceous chondrite; isoprenoids are also observed but considered contaminants because they are near the surface.
Report 4-hydroxypyrimidnes and other heterocyclic compounds extracted from Murray, Murchison, and Orgueil carbonaceous chondrites. No biological N-heterocyclics or triazines observed.
Report discovery of organic nitrogen compounds in Murchison carbonaceous chondrite: purines and triazines, contrary to Folsome's results (Folsome, 1971 and 1973), but failed to detect 4-hydroxypyrimidines reported by Folsome.
Report on extensive study of insoluble extract from Murchison carbonaceous chondrite. Numerous aromatic functional groups, including 15 carboxylic acids and 11 aliphatic acids, identified. Many of the compounds seem to be indigenous rather than pyrolysis products. This is a fair, but only fair, match with Fischer-Tropsch reaction.
Report discovery of pyrimidines in Murchison, Murray, and Orgueil carbonaceous chondrites.
Purines extracted from Murchison, Murray, and Orgueil carbonaceous chondrites. Hydroxypyrimidines and triazines not observed; perhaps earlier workers who reported them accidentally synthesized them in process of extraction. It is hard to say what abiotic process of the several candidates best explains the data.
Report finding amino acids, carboxylic acids, aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in Antarctic carbonaceous chondrite Yamato-791198, but not in two others.
Obtain carbon-13 NMR spectra of insoluble organic residues from Orgueil, Murchison, and Allende carbonaceous chondrites. Suggest that extensive polycylic aromatic sheets are found in all three extracts.
Review article on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in interplanetary dust and in meteorites; they have similar Raman spectra, isotope ratios, etc.
Report that nonvolatile organic extract of Orgueil carbonaceous chondrite pressed onto KBr pellet has spectrum resembling the Orion nebula, and also a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon band similar to an observed, unidentified interstellar band.
Black acid-insoluble extract from Orgueil carbonaceous chondrite has infrared spectrum resembling polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
Describe use of a special instrument to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in six meteorites; carbonaceous chondrites and ordinary chondrites are significantly different.
Report discovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and fullerenes in the Allende carbonaceous chondrite by time-of-flight mass spectroscopy.
Overviews + Carbon Allotropes + Carbonates + Various Organic Substances, Hydrocarbons, and Kerogen + Carboxylic Acids + Carbohydrates + Nitrogen Compounds + Amino Acids + Pollen + Optical Activity + Organized Structures and Life
Nucleotides + Aromatic Compounds