T dwarfs

[Issues] [T Dwarf Compendium] [Spectral Repository] [Links]

T dwarfs are a class of low mass, low temperature, low luminosity brown dwarfs that exhibit spectral signatures of CH4 and H2O in the near-infrared. These objects are the coolest "stars" so far detected, and likely have atmospheres not unlike those of hot extrasolar planets. The first T dwarf identified, in 1995, was also the first widely accepted brown dwarf, Gliese 229B. The faintest known T dwarf, 2MASS 0415-0935, has an effective temperature Teff ~ 700 K and luminosity L ~ 10-6 Lsun.

There are roughly 60 T dwarfs currently known, most identified as nearby field sources in the 2MASS and SDSS surveys. T dwarfs have also been identified as companions to other stars and brown dwarfs, in deep pointed surveys, and possibly in young star forming regions. A current sample is given in Table 1 below.

This page is still being completed. Please check back for updates.

Current issues




The T Dwarf Compendium

The following table gives the positions and photometry of all currently published T dwarfs (or at least those that I am aware of). An column-formatted ascii file of this table is available
here. Findercharts (pdf, gif, or jpg format) can be obtained by clicking on the object name This feature is not fully functional at this time.

There are 59 T dwarf systems including 3 binary systems with T dwarf primaries currently known.

T Dwarf Photometric and Astrometric Data
[ASCII data file]
Name1 RA & Decl
(J2000)
SpT2 2MASS J 2MASS H 2MASS Ks Parallax
(")
Proper Motion
("/year)
References
SDSS 0000+2554 00 00 13.54 +25 54 18.0 T4.5 15.06±0.04 14.73±0.07 14.84±0.12

K04
2MASS 0034+0523 00 34 51.57 +05 23 05.0 T7 15.54±0.05 15.44±0.08 > 16.2
0.68±0.06
@ 72°
B04
SDSS 0151+1244 01 51 41.55 +12 44 30.0 T1 16.57±0.13 15.60±0.11 15.18±0.19 0.047±0.003 0.743±0.004
@ 93°
G02 V04
SDSS 0207+0000 02 07 42.84 +00 00 56.4 T4.5 16.80±0.16 > 16.40 > 15.4 0.035±0.010 0.156±0.011
@ 96°
G02 V04
Gliese 86B 02 10 25.87 -50 49 25.83 T: 14.70±0.20 (e)4 14.40±0.20 (e)4 14.20±0.30 (e)4 0.092±0.0015 2.193±0.002
@ 73°
E01
IFA 0226+0051 02 26 37.60 +00 51 54.7 T3.5 18.17±0.03 (m)4 17.83±0.04 (m)4


L02
2MASS 0243-2453 02 43 13.71 -24 53 29.8 T6 15.38±0.05 15.14±0.11 15.22±0.17 0.094±0.004 0.355±0.004
@ 234°
B02 V04
2MASS 0348-6022 03 48 07.72 -60 22 27.0 T7p 15.32±0.05 15.56±0.14 15.60±0.23
0.77±0.04
@ 201°
B03c
2MASS 0407+1514 04 07 08.85 +15 14 56.5 T5.5 16.06±0.09 16.02±0.21 15.92±0.26

B04
2MASS 0415-0935 04 15 19.54 -09 35 06.6 T8 15.70±0.06 15.54±0.11 15.43±0.20 0.174±0.003 2.255±0.003
@ 76°
B02 V04
SDSS 0423-0414 04 23 48.58 -04 14 03.5 T0: 14.47±0.03 13.46±0.04 12.93±0.03 0.066±0.002 0.333±0.003
@ 284°
G02 V04
2MASS 0516-0445 05 16 09.45 -04 45 49.9 T5.5 15.98±0.08 15.72±0.17 15.49±0.20
0.34±0.03
@ 232°
B03c
2MASS 0518-2828 05 18 59.95 -28 28 37.2 L/T: 15.98±0.10 14.83±0.07 14.16±0.07

C04
SORI 0538-0236 05 38 10.1 -02 36 26 T6: 20.28±0.10 (z)4 20.42±0.11 (z)4 19.78±0.17 (z)4

Z02
2MASS 0559-1404 05 59 19.14 -14 04 48.8 T5 13.80±0.02 13.68±0.04 13.58±0.05 0.098±0.001 0.661±0.001
@ 122°
B00b D02
Gliese 229B 06 10 34.62 -21 51 52.13 T6.5 14.32±0.05 (l)4 14.35±0.05 (l)4 14.42±0.05 (l)4 0.173±0.0015 0.727±0.001
@ 191°
N95
2MASS 0727+1710 07 27 18.24 +17 10 01.2 T7 15.60±0.06 15.76±0.17 15.56±0.19 0.110±0.002 1.297±0.005
@ 126°
B02 V04
SDSS 0741+2351 07 41 49.20 +23 51 27.5 T5.5 16.16±0.10 15.84±0.19 > 15.9

K04
SDSS 0742+2055 07 42 01.30 +20 55 19.8 T5 16.19±0.09 15.91±0.18 > 15.2

K04
2MASS 0755+2212 07 55 47.95 +22 12 16.9 T5 15.73±0.06 15.67±0.15 15.75±0.21

B02
SDSS 0758+3247 07 58 40.37 +32 47 24.5 T2: 14.95±0.04 14.11±0.04 13.88±0.06

K04
SDSS 0830+0128 08 30 48.78 +01 28 31.1 T5.5 16.29±0.11 16.14±0.21 > 16.4

K04
SDSS 0837-0000 08 37 17.21 -00 00 18.0 T0.5 17.08±0.05 (l)4 16.15±0.05 (l)4 16.04±0.05 (l)4 0.034±0.014 0.173±0.017
@ 185°
L00 V04
SDSS 0926+5847 09 26 15.37 +58 47 21.2 T4.5 15.90±0.07 15.31±0.10 15.45±0.19
> 0.3 G02 B03a
2MASS 0937+2931 09 37 34.87 +29 31 40.9 T6p 14.65±0.04 14.70±0.07 15.27±0.13 0.163±0.004 1.622±0.007
@ 143°
B02 V04
SDSS 1021-0304 10 21 09.69 -03 04 19.7 T3 16.25±0.09 15.35±0.10 15.13±0.17 0.034±0.005 0.183±0.003
@ 249°
L00 T03
2MASS 1047+2124 10 47 53.85 +21 24 23.4 T6.5 15.82±0.06 15.80±0.12 > 16.4 0.095±0.004 1.728±0.008
@ 254°
B99 V04
SDSS 1110+0116 11 10 10.01 +01 16 13.0 T6 16.34±0.12 15.92±0.14 > 15.1

G02
SDSS 1157+0611 11 57 00.50 +06 11 05.2 T1.5 17.09±0.05 (m)4 16.45±0.05 (m)4 16.00±0.05 (m)4

K04
NTTDF 1205-0744 12 05 20.21 -07 44 01.0 T5: 20.15 (c)4
20.30 (c)4

C99
SDSS 1207+0244 12 07 47.17 +02 44 24.9 T0: 15.58±0.07 14.56±0.07 13.99±0.06

K04
2MASS 1209-1004 12 09 56.13 -10 04 00.8 T3 15.91±0.07 15.33±0.09 15.06±0.14
0.46±0.10
@ 140°
B04
2MASS 1217-0311 12 17 11.10 -03 11 13.1 T7.5 15.86±0.06 15.75±0.12 > 15.9 0.091±0.002 1.057±0.002
@ 274°
B99 T03
2MASS 1225-2739AB 12 25 54.32 -27 39 46.6 T6/T8: 15.26±0.05 15.10±0.08 15.07±0.15 0.075±0.003 0.737±0.003
@ 149°
B99 B03b T03
2MASS 1231+0847 12 31 47.53 +08 47 33.1 T6 15.57±0.07 15.31±0.11 15.22±0.20

B04 K04
2MASS 1237+6526 12 37 39.19 +65 26 14.8 T6.5e 16.05±0.09 15.74±0.15 > 16.1 0.096±0.005 1.131±0.009
@ 242°
B99 V04
SDSS 1254-0122 12 54 53.93 -01 22 47.4 T2 14.89±0.04 14.09±0.03 13.84±0.05 0.085±0.002 0.496±0.002
@ 285°
L00 D02
SDSS 1346-0031 13 46 46.34 -00 31 50.1 T6 16.00±0.10 15.46±0.12 15.77±0.27 0.068±0.002 0.516±0.003
@ 257°
T00 T03
Gliese 570D 14 57 14.96 -21 21 47.7 T8 15.32±0.05 15.27±0.09 15.24±0.16 0.169±0.0025 2.012±0.001
@ 149°
B00a
2MASS 1503+2525 15 03 19.61 +25 25 19.6 T5.5 13.94±0.02 13.86±0.03 13.96±0.06

B03a
SDSS 1516+0259 15 16 03.03 +02 59 29.2 T0: 17.23±0.20 16.00±0.15 15.43±0.18

K04
SDSS 1521+0131 15 21 03.27 +01 31 42.6 T2 16.40±0.10 15.58±0.10 15.35±0.17

K04
2MASS 1534-2952AB 15 34 49.84 -29 52 27.4 T5.5 14.90±0.05 14.87±0.10 14.84±0.11 0.074±0.001 0.269±0.002
@ 159°
B02 B03b T03
2MASS 1546-3325 15 46 27.18 -33 25 11.1 T5.5 15.63±0.05 15.45±0.09 15.49±0.18 0.088±0.002 0.225±0.002
@ 33°
B02 T03
2MASS 1553+1532 15 53 02.28 +15 32 36.9 T7 15.83±0.07 15.94±0.16 15.51±0.18

B02
SDSS 1624+0029 16 24 14.36 +00 29 15.8 T6 15.49±0.05 15.52±0.10 > 15.5 0.092±0.002 0.383±0.002
@ 270°
S99 D02
SDSS 1632+4150 16 32 29.34 +41 50 04.3 T1: 16.87±0.05 (m)4 16.42±0.05 (m)4 16.19±0.05 (m)4

K04
SDSS 1750+4222 17 50 23.85 +42 22 37.3 T1 16.47±0.10 15.42±0.09 15.48±0.17

K04
SDSS 1750+1759 17 50 32.93 +17 59 04.2 T3.5 16.34±0.10 15.95±0.13 15.48±0.19 0.036±0.005 0.204±0.008
@ 61°
G02 V04
SDSS 1758+4633 17 58 05.45 +46 33 09.9 T7 16.15±0.09 16.25±0.22 15.47±0.19

K04
2MASS 1828-4849 18 28 35.72 -48 49 04.6 T6 15.18±0.06 14.91±0.07 15.18±0.14
0.33±0.07
@ 50°
B04
2MASS 1901+4718 19 01 06.01 +47 18 13.6 T5 15.86±0.07 15.47±0.09 15.64±0.29
0.38±0.22
@ 17°
B04
SDSS 2124+0100 21 24 13.87 +00 59 59.9 T6 16.03±0.07 16.18±0.20 > 16.1

K04
Eps Ind BC 22 04 10.52 -56 46 57.7 T1/T6 11.91±0.02 11.31±0.02 11.21±0.02 0.276±0.0015 4.705±0.001
@ 327°
S03 M04
2MASS 2228-4310 22 28 28.89 -43 10 26.2 T6.5 15.66±0.07 15.36±0.12 15.30±0.21
0.31±0.03
@ 175°
B04
2MASS 2254+3123 22 54 18.92 +31 23 49.8 T4 15.26±0.05 15.02±0.08 14.90±0.15

B02
2MASS 2331-4718 23 31 23.78 -47 18 27.4 T5 15.66±0.07 15.51±0.15 15.39±0.20

B04
2MASS 2339+1352 23 39 10.25 +13 52 28.4 T5.5 16.24±0.11 15.82±0.15 16.15±0.31
0.83±0.11
@ 159°
B02 B03a
2MASS 2356-1553 23 56 54.77 -15 53 11.1 T6 15.82±0.06 15.63±0.10 15.77±0.18 0.069±0.003 0.746±0.003
@ 216°
B02 V04
Notes
1Most finder charts are in pdf format and were generated from 2MASS and CADC DSS data using the finderchart IDL routing developed by AJB. Some charts originate from the cited paper.
2Spectral types are based on the near-infrared classification schemes defined by B02 and G02. Uncertain types are indicated by (:), peculiar sources are indicated by (p), emission sources are indicated by (e).
3Coordinates are for primary star. Offsets can be obtained from the discovery reference.
4Not detected by 2MASS; (c): JK photometry from Cuby et al. 1999; (e): JHK photometry from Els et al. 2001; (l): UKIRT JHK photometry from Leggett et al. 1999, L00; (m): MKO JHK photometry from Leggett et al. 2000, Knapp et al. 2004; (z): JHK photometry from Zapatero Osorio et al. 2002.
5Parallax of primary taken from HIPPARCHOS.

References
(B99): Burgasser et al. 1999, ApJ 522, L65; (B00a): Burgasser et al. 2000a, ApJ 531, L57 ; (B00b): Burgasser et al. 2000b, AJ 120, 1100 ; (B02): Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ 564, 421 ; (B03a): Burgasser et al. 2003a, AJ 125, 850 ; (B03b): Burgasser et al. 2003b, ApJ 586, 512 ; (B03c): Burgasser, McElwain, & Kirkpatrick 2003c, AJ 126, 2487 ; (B04): Burgasser et al. 2004, AJ 127 2856; (B05): Burgasser et al., in prep.; (C99): Cuby et al. 1999, A&A 349, L41; (C04): Cruz et al. 2004, ApJ 604, L61 ; (C05): Cruz et al., in prep.; (D02): Dahn et al. 2002, AJ 124, 1170 ; (E01): Els et al. 2001, A&A 370, L1; (G02): Geballe et al. 2002, ApJ 564, 466 ; (K04): Knapp et al. 2004, AJ 127, 3553 ; (L00): Leggett et al. 2000, ApJ 536, L35 ; (L02): Liu et al. 2002, ApJ 568, L107 ; (M04): McCaughrean et al. 2004, A&A 413, 1029 ; (N95) Nakajima et al. 1995, Nature 378, 463 ; (S99): Strauss et al. 1999, ApJ 522, L61 ; (S03): Scholz et al. 2003, A&A 398, L29 ; (T00): Tsvetanov et al. 2000, ApJ 531, L61 ; (T03): Tinney, Burgasser, & Kirkpatrick 2003, AJ 126, 975 ; (T05): Tinney et al., in prep.; (V04): Vrba et al. 2004, AJ 127, 2948; (Z02): Zapatero Osorio et al. 2002, ApJ 578, 536




The T Dwarf Spectral Repository

This section has not been updated
This table lists the available spectra for various observed T dwarfs culled from the literature and my own work. You can download all of the
LRIS, NIRC, and OSIRIS data in one shot if you are so inclined. You may need to massage the headers for these files in order to read them in to your favorite software.


[All LRIS spectra] [All NIRC spectra] [All OSIRIS spectra]
[Ian McLean's NIRSPEC Archive]
[Davy Kirkpatrick's LRIS Archive]
[Sandy Leggett's CGS4 Archive]

Object NIR
Type
LRIS
0.6-1.0um
R~1000
NIRC
1-2.5um
R~60-120
OSIRIS
1.2-2.35um
R~1200
SPEX
0.8-2.5um
R~250
(prism)
SPEX
0.8-2.5um
R~2500
(xd)
CORMASS
0.8-2.5um
R~300
Reference
2MASS 0243-2453 T6 . [000124] [991221]
[020924]
. . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, AJ, in press
2MASS 0348-6022 T7 . . [020921] . . . Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, AJ, in press
2MASS 0415-0935 T8 [010220] [991118]
[000124]
[020924] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, AJ, in press
SDSS 0423-0414 (T0) . . [020923] . . . Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, AJ, in press
2MASS 0516-0445 T5.5 . . [020921] . . . Burgasser et al. 2003, AJ, in press
2MASS 0559-1404 T5 [000305] [000123]
[000124
[991220] . . [991024] Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2000c, AJ, 120, 1100
Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 0727+1710 T7 [000305] [000123] [991220] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 0755+2212 T5: [010220] . . . . . Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 0937+2931 T6p [000305] [000123]
[000124]
[991221] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 1047+2124 T6.5 [010220] [000123]
[000124]
. . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 1217-0311 T7.5 [000305] [000123] . . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 1225-2739AB T6 [000305] . [000718] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 1237+6526 T6.5e [990716a]
[990716b]
[990716c]
[990717 (blue)]
[990718]
[All 1999 July red]
[000305]
[010220]
[000124] . . . . Burgasser et al. 2000, AJ, 120, 473
Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
SDSS 1254-0122 T2 [010220] . [000716] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
SDSS 1346-0031 T6 [990716] [000123] . . . . Burgasser et al. 2000, AJ, 120, 473
Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Gliese 570D T8 [000305]
[010220]
[000124] [000716] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 1503+2525 T5.5 [030103] . . . . . Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 1534-2952AB T5.5 [010220] . [000718] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Burgasser, A. J., et al. 2003, ApJ, 594, in press
2MASS 1546-3325 T5.5 . . [000719] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
2MASS 1553+1532 T7 . [000722] [000717]
[000718]
. . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
SDSS 1624+0029 T6 [990716] . [000715] . . . Burgasser et al. 2000, AJ, 120, 473
Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
2MASS 2228-4310 T6.5 . . [020924] . . . Burgasser et al. 2003, AJ, in press
2MASS 2254+3123 T5 . [000722] [000716] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
2MASS 2339+1352 T5.5 . [000722] [000716] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
2MASS 2356-1553 T6 . [991118] [000717] . . . Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421
Subtypes are from Burgasser et al. 2002, ApJ, 564, 421 except SDSS 0423-0414.
6-digit identifiers are UT observation dates YYMMDD.



Links




Prof. Adam J. Burgasser
ajb [at] mit [dot] edu

http://www.browndwarfs.org/
Last updated 1 November 2004