MIT Reports to the President 1994-95

THE MASTERS PROGRAM

Members of the Master's Program Class of 1995 were the first graduating class to benefit from the revised and redesigned curriculum, which provides students with a strong analytical foundation to management, greater flexibility over course selection and an increased practical perspective. Sloan alumni, faculty, students, and employers all provided critical input to the design. Students received the option of the MBA (Master of Business Administration) or SM (Master of Science in Management degree). The thesis was made optional for MBA degree candidates.

U.S. News and World Report ranked the Sloan Master's Program as the #1 MBA program in the nation in its 1995 annual survey of graduate business schools. Our greater external recognition in the survey was due to many factors which include student selectivity (GMAT score, undergraduate GPA, percentage of applicants accepted), career placement success, and program evaluation by business executives and academics.

In 1995, graduating students in the Master's Program received an average of 3.6 job offers and average total compensation of $75,000 and $89,000 including bonuses. 98% of the class received a job offer by graduation. Competition for admission was intense. Over 2300 applications were received for an incoming class of 300 in the Master's Program and 45 in the Leaders for Manufacturing Program. The Admissions Office increased its efforts to effectively recruit and enroll qualified women and minorities through targeted recruiting events and activities.

To meet the sustained demand from prospective students and from industry, total enrollment in the Master's Program will increase to 645 in the fall of 1995 and 690 in 1996. Completion of Sloan's new building, the Tang Center for Management Education featuring a new auditorium, classrooms, space for student clubs and interview rooms, will accomodate the increase.

New students begin the two-year program with a week of orientation activities, organized by second-year students. During the fall of their first year, students complete six required core subjects. Students then complete the program in one of two ways. Those who follow a self-managed path, take 4 of 6 fundamental courses and a wide array of electives. Alternatively, students join one of five career management tracks which include Financial Engineering, Financial Management, Product and Venture Development, Strategic Information Technology and Strategic Management and Consulting. Those interested in Operations Management are part of the Leaders for Manufacturing (LFM) Program. Career management tracks are a new concept in management education based upon faculty coalitions from both disciplinary and functional areas and are designed to prepare students for specific career opportunities.

During 1995, the Master's Program sponsored a Faculty and Student Appreciation Day to recognize professors for their innovative approaches to management education and commitment to quality teaching. Ten graduating students received merit scholarships in recognition of their outstanding leadership and contributions to the Sloan community. Corporate and industry leaders were invited to the Sloan School to work with students through career management activities and through interaction with many of the Sloan student organizations such as the Finance Club, Sloan Leaders Club, Marketing Club and New Ventures Association. Project Team, a student organization focusing on team-building skills, organized several seminars, including a trip to NTU in Singapore.

Overall satisfaction with the Master's Program remained high. Efforts of the faculty and Master's Program Committee to create a more cohesive core, to build teamwork skills, to provide greater integration of international issues and to improve the relevance and innovativeness of the curriculum were effective. Satisfaction with both overall teaching quality and faculty expertise in course material increased this year. 95.4% of the students indicated they would recommend the Sloan Master's Program to potential candidates. 94.1% rated their experience as a 7 or higher in satisfaction on a 10 scale.

Profile of Master's Program Incoming Class of 1995 Projected

Number of Applications: 2337
Number Admitted: 455
Number of Matriculated Candidates: 350 (45 students in Leaders for Manufacturing)
Yield: 77%
Percentage International: 37%
Percentage Women: 28%
Percentage Minority: 16%
Median GMAT score: 650
Undergraduate Grade-Point average (GPA out of 5.0): 4.5
Average Age at Admission: 28.5

THE PH.D. PROGRAM

During 1994-95, the Sloan School's Doctoral Program continued to hold a prominent position in the face of ongoing and intense competition from the other leading business schools. From our 438 applications, we made 29 admission offers and had 17 (59%%) acceptances, distributed among 3 areas:
Finance and Accounting            4 (1 US male, 3 foreign males)                       
Management Science                4 (2 US males, 1 foreign male and 1 US female)       
Behavioral Policy Sciences        9 (1 US female, 6 foreign males, 1 foreign female,   
                                  1 US male)                                           

The overall percentage of US applicants was 36% and the majority of foreign applications are coming from China and India, as well as Korea, Taiwan and several other countries within Asia. We continue to cooperate with the efforts of the American Assembly of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) to recruit more qualified under-represented minority applicants, and work on our own strategies for identifying prospects and sources. The bulk of the program's graduates pursue academic careers.

The Doctoral Program Committee, headed by Professor Birger Wernerfelt and coordinated by Sharon Cayley, has seen some success in dealing with the diverse problems of a very individualized program, including addressing time taken to complete the program (5 years) through early research ties to faculty, and financial aid awards that are competitive with our principal rivals.

EXECUTIVE PROGRAMS

Alfred P. Sloan Fellows Program

On June 9, 1995, 54 Alfred P. Sloan Fellows were awarded the degree of Master of Science in Management. The Class of 1995 represented a broad diversity of backgrounds and interests, and again was drawn from a wide range of organizations from the United States and abroad. The Sloan Fellows Program was the first executive education program in the United States and is now in its 64th year.

Just prior to their graduation, the Sloan Fellows completed a three-week International Management Field Trip to China, Singapore, and India. The demand for the Program continues to be strong, and the quality of the nominations is extremely high. On June 17, 1995, the Class of 1995-96 arrived; there are 55 participants in the 1995-96 program.

The Director of the Sloan Fellows Program is Susan Lowance. Professor Robert McKersie served as Chair of the Faculty Program Committee.

Program for Senior Executives

The Sloan School decided in early March 1995 not to offer the eight-week MIT Program for Senior Executives during the 1995/96 academic year, while the School undertakes a broad review of Sloan's offerings for senior executives.

The decision was difficult for the School, but was in response to what customers have been saying - that it is increasingly difficult for top executives to leave work for eight weeks, however outstanding the program. At the same time, the Sloan School has received increasing requests for shorter, more focused programs tailored to specific needs, to complement the degree programs. The Sloan School is also being asked to join in partnerships with corporations to address critical issues involving larger numbers of their executives.

These are challenging times for executive education, but are also times of exciting opportunities. The School has every intention to continue providing high quality programs which address the critical education needs of senior executives.

Special Executive Programs

The Sloan School of Management held five Executive Short Courses for mid and senior level executives: The Management of Change in Complex Organizations, Corporate Strategy, System Dynamics: Modeling for Organizational Learning, Negotiation: Theory and Practice, and for Chief Network Officers: Managing the IT Network for Global Competitiveness. Two hundred and seventeen executives participated in these programs.

In addition to the one week open enrollment programs, we continue to offer custom designed programs for corporations seeking education in areas of Sloan faculty expertise. We held a CEO Roundtable with Price Waterhouse. Eight CEOs from multinationals attended a roundtable with three Sloan faculty. We also conducted a one week program on the Management of Change for 40 senior consultants from Price Waterhouse. We are holding a series of one week programs for Johnson & Johnson Corporation on information technology.

MIT MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM

The MIT Management of Technology (MOT) Program is now entering its fifteenth year of developing strategic leaders for private and public organizations worldwide. Established in 1981, it was the first Master's Degree program in the world to focus on the strategic management of technology and innovation. Recently the Progam was ranked "One of the Ten Most Innovative Programs" in the U.S. by the BusinessWeek Guide to the Best Executive Education Programs.

Initiated under the auspices of the Sloan School of Management and the School of Engineering, this twelve-month Program offers the special MIT degree S.M. in the Management of Technology. The Program operates within the Sloan School, as a key offering in the School's portfolio of executive education programs.

The Class of 1995

As would be expected of an executive education program, the average age of the participants in the class of 1995 was 36, with 11.5 years of post-university experience. Most participants were sponsored by their organizations, and the class represented 17 countries. The class size grew to its targeted level, with a total of 45 participants, an increase of eight participants over the previous year.

International Teams

Each year the participants are placed in small international teams for class assignments, providing them with the critical experience of working in teams with colleagues from other cultures and countries. Participants develop the ability to lead and participate in multi-functional teams, preparing them for a global leadership role when they return to their organizations.

The Curriculum

While changes of subject content and emphasis are introduced continuously, the overall framework of the curriculum has remained stable, focusing on five areas which are linked to technology-based organizations:

Strategy

Human and Organizational Factors

Decision Making

Leading Product/Process Development

Applied Research (the thesis)

Courses begin in June of each year, providing summer, fall and spring terms of study. The Management Field Trip, a required part of the curriculum, occurred in January. We traveled to Brussels to meet with representatives of the European Union, and then on to Paris and London, to meet with businesses operating within the EU. Meetings were held with eight European companies, including Cable & Wireless and Bull.

Program Management

Rochelle Weichman continues as Director of the MOT Program. Professor Edward B. Roberts of the Sloan School continued as Chairman of the Program during 1994-1995. Thomas H. Lee, previously MOT Program Co-Chair, retired from MIT to direct the Center for Quality Management. During 1995-1996, Professor Roberts and Sloan School Professor James M. Utterback will be Co-Chairs of the Program.

LEADERS FOR MANUFACTURING

1994-95 brought the Leaders for Manufacturing (LFM) Program five significant personnel transitions:

Dave Hardt accepted the Dean of Engineering's appointment as official LFM Co-director, Engineering (effective July 1, 1995).

Nils Muench stepped down from the directorship of the LFM Research Program.

Hilary Sheldon, Manager of Partner Relations, succeeded Rosalie Allen.

Mathilde Wood assumed responsibilities as Assistant to the Co-director (Engineering), succeeding Hilary Sheldon.

Nancy Upper succeeded Katherine Miller as Communications Assistant.

Government funding through the Technology Reinvestment Program (TRP) enables LFM to place two or three interns per year for three years in small and medium-sized enterprises. LFM students are now interning at Bay Networks, Inc.; Instron Corporation; MPM Corporation; PictureTel; Quantum Corporation; Reading Tube Corporation; and Teradyne, Inc.

A progress report for the year on the eight LFM "products" follows. The program this year focused on partner outreach and sustainability as LFM enters "Phase III."

Continuous Progress

To document progress and improvement opportunities, the Leaders Program has completed work preliminary to surveying constituents in order to issue a two-year report. To monitor significant data more frequently to update Operating Committee and Governing Board members, LFM periodically issues operations reports covering all aspects of the Leaders Program.

Collaboration

Twelve of the 13 original LFM industry partners continue to build on their close working relationships with MIT. Johnson & Johnson resigned partnership: its Corporate level could not justify the time and cost required for the product delivered (i.e., highly technical graduates; J&J seeks more of a marketing orientation). Leaders Program-supported research has continued to increase the partners' manufacturing competitiveness, sometimes dramatically. An LFM-supported doctoral student who graduated in Spring 1995, for example, developed a computationally efficient method for estimating certain performance measures for tandem, finite-buffered flow lines, or transfer lines; one partner company estimates that this work at one of its manufacturing facilities has yielded economic returns on a scale of millions of dollars per month. An LFM intern at another partner company commissioned a software firm to develop a manufacturing line design program written by the same doctoral student and his principal advisor, producing an Excel-compatible program now being used by the second partner company to design and improve its manufacturing systems.

The LFM Governing Board format as revised last year has been very well received, so continues to emphasize ample opportunity for the governors to provide program direction, interact with one another, and exchange ideas on major manufacturing issues. Meetings are being hosted by LFM governors themselves in a "round robin" of select partner facilities.

Graduates/Careers

The Leaders Program supported 83 fellows during 1994-95; including the new class the program welcomed in June, the total number of fellows since the program's inception has reached 301. Two LFM students this year received Robert N. Noyce fellowships and three received fellowships from the National Science Foundation.

This past June, 40 LFM fellows graduated. Of 39 fellows who had confirmed their plans in early June, 95 percent assumed positions in US manufacturing companies, choosing from an average of 2.5 job offers each. Most-cited reasons for job decisions had to do with growth potential, respect and recognition of recruits as individuals, and "good people fit."

Leaders graduates (now 221, including those research assistants who conducted internships) organized and hosted in Albuquerque this spring workshops for LFM alumni/ae, including an LFM Program update, on-line and other LFM networking, career management and development, personality testing, and product development; attendees numbered 50. In addition, a series of workshops attended by LFM students as well as partner companies developed from a Boeing-led study of how better to utilize LFM-calibre graduates.

From 310 applications received this past spring, 52 were accepted into the LFM Fellows Program; 45 students (all with work experience) enrolled. The new fellows average 27 years in age with 4.8 years of work experience. Included are 15 women, one member of a minority group underrepresented within MIT, and 13 partner-sponsored students. Women in the program thus increased sharply this year, and four African Americans are currently offered deferred admission. The program's recruiting strategy is being further developed to better reach these individuals nationwide. The LFM Program this year instituted a Diversity Committee with a mission to raise within the LFM Program diversity awareness relevant to business/management issues. The scope of the work is initially within the program at MIT, with plans to possibly expand later into Sloan and other MIT departments as well. During IAP, the Diversity Committee hosted a well-attended workshop for LFM faculty, students, and staff; Pope & Associates of Cincinnati, OH, who have worked with three LFM partners, facilitated. A committee-sponsored Proseminar in May `95, "Diversity in the Workplace," included discussion of a student-written case study on the topic of sexual orientation in the workplace, facilitated by Professor Thomas Kochan, and brought Digital Equipment Corporation vice presidents Herb Shumway and Hope Greenfield to share experiences about workplace diversity issues. The committee continues to explore avenues for incorporating diversity issues into the LFM leadership curriculum and providing interactive learning experiences for all LFM stakeholders.

Curricula

A distinctive feature of the LFM Fellows Program curriculum is its effort to further the understanding of manufacturing leadership. The subject is developed primarily through skill development, practice (especially during the internship), and reflection, with limited classroom work. This year, eight second-year students prepared cases based on their internships to teach classmates and first-year fellows, helping first-years prepare for the internship while refining the cases as potential teaching materials for other MIT courses.

Manufacturing Faculty

The Leaders Program actively involved ~85 faculty and research staff in 1994-95. During this period, four faculty were promoted and one received tenure. Industry partners have expressed concern that several faculty especially valuable to industry, sensitive to industry issues, and responsive to company needs have not been granted tenure--a total of five in the past two years.

Faculty this year participated in an industry-led Extended Education Committee, from which stemmed a pilot minicourse compressing highlights of the two-year LFM Fellows Program into one week. The course will be offered in November 1995 to LFM partner company executives who report to vice presidents of manufacturing, head manufacturing education, or otherwise lead manufacturing-related efforts.

Interdisciplinary Research

More than 160 LFM industry partner and faculty researchers collaborated under the direction of Drs. Eugene Meieran of Intel and Nils Muench of General Motors for most of this year. The program catalogued in a volume of "Sales Brochures" its current research, categorized according to nine programs. Goals of the programs are to leverage research dollars, achieve synergies across diverse firms, facilitate collaborative research in "Big-M" Manufacturing, and obtain funding from external organizations.

The Leaders Program supported 36 research projects this year, and its Working Papers exceed 450 titles.

The program also updated its compendia of LFM Research Program Contacts and Manufacturing Science and Technology Research, to facilitate networking.

Implementation and Leadership

The LFM co-directors participated in many visits with government and university leaders this past year, broadening dialogue for university/industry/government partnerships to improve manufacturing. The National Manufacturing/ University Coalition they have spearheaded to advance a national agenda of revitalizing US manufacturing now regularly meets to share developments in curricula and research collaborations, establish a common position on influencing federal policy and funding decisions, and engage the voice of the customer--industry--through regional meetings. The Coalition currently comprises 12 members: Arizona State, Auburn University, California Polytechnic State University (Pomona and San Luis Obispo campuses), Cornell, Georgia Tech, the University of Michigan, University of New Mexico, Pennsylvania State, Purdue, and Wayne State as well as MIT. Having helped establish the dual-degree manufacturing programs at Michigan and Obispo, MIT is now assisting Arizona, Georgia Tech, New Mexico, Penn State, and Pomona to set up their own programs.

The Leaders Program is also working with Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) under a TRP grant to impact undergraduate education with LFM learnings.

INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION

MIT/NTU

The Sloan School signed in 1990 a five-year collaboration agreement with the Nanyang Technological University (NTU) that was designed to accelerate the development of a comprehensive business school in Singapore. The major areas of collaboration that the Sloan faculty engaged in under the agreement were curriculum and program development, teaching and faculty development, research development, and conferences. This initial project was completed in June 1995 and is considered by MIT to have been a success.

The School is in the process of finalizing the details of a program for continued cooperation. The areas of emphasis in the new project - MIT-NTU Phase II - will be the further development of Nanyang Business School's doctoral program, the use of new learning technologies for distance learning, and the development of executive education. In addition, MIT and NTU may work together on institution-building assignments in other parts of Asia.

The China Initiative

The Sloan School of Management is in the process of signing a five-year Collaboration Agreement with two of China's most prestigious universities, Tsinghua in Beijing, and Fudan in Shanghai. The Agreement will establish a project designed to accelerate the development of management education in China. The project will include faculty and curricular development, and the eventual development of research relationships. The project is Chaired by Professor Lester Thurow, and Directed by Senior Associate Dean Alan White.

RESEARCH

MIT Reports to the President 1994-95