The instructions at the top of the exam read:

Instructions: WRITE LEGIBLY. If I cannot read your answer you will not get credit. Keep your answers short. If you take a "shotgun" approach to answering---trying to tell me everything you know that might be relevant to the question, in the hopes that some of it might be right---you will do poorly.

Sometimes people say that in philosophy, there are no wrong answers. This is true to a certain extent---if one person is a Russellian about time and another is an anti-Russellian, they may both be completely rational. Nevertheless, each question ON THIS TEST has a unique right answer, and all others are wrong.

There will be 10-12 questions on the exam, some worth more points than others.

Maybe 1/3 of the questions will be directly about definitions, or correct statements of particular views (example not on the test: state the instrumental present-aim theory). It is important to be clear and precise when answering this kind of question, as you should know from doing the assignments.

Other kinds of questions on the exam ask you to explain what is wrong with an argument, or explain how a defender of some view we discussed would respond to a ceratain kind of argument. Topics that appear on the exam include (but may not be limited to): the doctrine of the similarity of space and time; the Russellian view of time; Shoemaker on time without change; time travel; backwards causation; welfare hedonism; the "sunk cost fallacy."