Philosophy 551: Modality

Brad Skow, Fall 2006, Tuesdays, 1:20-3:50, Herter 113.


Course Requirements

Track 1 (for graduate or undergraduate students): 5-7 page paper due October 31st (30% of final grade); 12-18 page paper due at the end of the semester (70% of final grade). [Graduate students wanting to take an "incomplete" must submit a draft of their final paper by the end of the semester.]

Track 2 (for undergraduate students): 5 page paper due October 17th (30% of final grade); 5 page paper due November 21st (30% of final grade); 6-8 page paper due at the end of the semester (40% of final grade).

Paper writing resource: Jim Pryor's guidelines on writing a philosophy paper.

Undergraduates must obtain my permission to enroll in this course. I generally grant permission only to philosophy majors who have taken the junior year writing seminar.


Tentative List of Topics (we will not get to them all)

("*" indicates optional reading that may not be discussed in class.)

Part I: The Analysis of Modality

Introductory rant on modal metaphysics; Necessity pre-Kripke

Ayer, Language, Truth, and Logic, chapter IV, esp. pp.71-79.
Quine, Reference and Modality, in From a Logical Point of View.
*Soames, Philosophical Analysis in the Twentieth Century, Volume 1, chapter 12.
*Burgess, Quinus ab omni naevo vindicatus, in Meaning and Reference, ed. Kazmi.

Possible Worlds

Van Inwagen, Two Concepts of Possible Worlds.
*Kripke, Semantical Considerations on Modal Logic.

Reductive Theories: Combinatorialism and Conventionalism

Armstrong, A Combinatorial Theory of Possibility, chapter 3, chapter 4, and chapter 6.
Sider, Reductive Theories of Modality, section 3.3.
*Sider, Another Look at Armstrong's Combinatorialism.

Quine, Truth By Convention. (Our focus will be on pp.103-106.)
Sider, Reducing Modality.

Non-Reductive Theories: Modal Primitivism and Modal Fictionalism

Melia, Against Modalism.
Rosen, Modal Fictionalism.
Nolan, Three Problems for 'Strong' Modal Fictionalism.

*Forbes, Melia on Modalism.
*Hazen, "Expressive Completeness in Modal Language."
*Nolan, Modal Fictionalism.
*Rosen, "A Problem for Fictionalism about Possible Worlds."
*Noonan, "In Defense of the Letter of Fictionalism."
*Nolan and Hawthorne, "Reflexive Fictionalisms."

Interlude

Supervenience

Kim, Concepts of Supervenience.
Kim, 'Strong' and 'Global' Supervenience Revisited.
*Sider, In Defense of Global Supervenience.
*Moyer, Weak and Global Supervenience.
*Sider, "Global Supervenience and Identity Across Times and Worlds."

Part II: Counterfactuals

Possible-worlds analyses of counterfactuals

Lewis, Counterfactual Dependence and Time's Arrow.
Bennett, Counterfactuals and Temporal Direction.
*Lewis, "Counterfactuals and Comparative Possibility."

Counterfactuals with Impossible Antecedents

Nolan, Impossible Worlds: A Modest Approach.

The Counterfactual theory of necessity

Lange, A Counterfactual Analysis of the Concepts of Logical Truth and Necessity.

Part III: Modality de re

Essentialism about Origins

Kripke, Naming and Necessity, lecture III, excerpt. (Don't forget to read the footnotes.)
Salmon, How Not to Derive Essentialism from the Theory of Reference.
Robertson, Possibilities and the Arguments for Origin Essentialism.
*Van Inwagen, Plantinga on Trans-World Identity (strongly recommended).
*Hawthrone and Gendler, Origin Essentialism: The Arguments Reconsidered.
*Noonan, "The Necessity of Origin."

Haecceitism and anti-haecceitism

Kaplan, How to Russell a Frege-Church.
Adams, Primitive Thisness and Primitive Identity.
Lewis, On the Plurality of Worlds, pages 220-227.
*Huggett, Atomic Metaphysics.

More on Essentialism

Fine, Essence and Modality (featuring Einar Bohn).
Yablo, Identity, Essence, and Indiscernibility.

Part IV: Other Topics

Two-Dimensional Modality

Soames, Kripke, the Necessary Aposteriori, and the Two-Dimensionalist Heresy
*Byrne and Pryor, Bad Intentions.

Necessary Existence

Williamson.

Counterpart Theory

Lewis, "Counterpart Theory and Quantified Modal Logic."
Kripke, Naming and Necessity, excerpt.
Feldman, Counterparts.
Plantinga, The Nature of Necessity, excerpt.
Hazen, "Counterpart-Theortic Semantics for Modal Logic."
Merricks, "The End of Counterpart Theory."
Williamson and Fara, Counterparts and Actuality.
Sider, "Beyond the Humphrey Objection."



Brad Skow | Umass Amherst