Pipe, Entrance

Figure 103: Entrance

A entrance (Figure 103) is characterized by head losses $\Delta_1^2 F$ of the form:

$$\Delta_1^2 F = \zeta \frac{\dot{m}^2}{2 g \rho^2 A^2 },$$ (32)

where $\zeta$ is a head loss coefficient depending on the ratio $A_0/A$, $\dot{m}$ is the mass flow, g is the gravity acceleration and $\rho$ is the liquid density. $A_0$ and $A$ are the cross section of the entrance and of the pipe, respectively. Values for $\zeta$ can be found in file ``liquidpipe.f''.

The following constants have to be specified on the line beneath the *FLUID SECTION, TYPE=PIPE ENTRANCE card:

• $A$
• $A_0 \;\;\;(\le A)$

The gravity acceleration must be specified by a gravity type *DLOAD card defined for the elements at stake. The material characteristic $\rho$ can be defined by a *DENSITY card.

Example files: pipe, piperestrictor.