Achilleus (achilles) - best of the Acheans Aegina Agamemnon - Lord of Myceanea, brother of Menelaos, led campaigh agains troy. agoge Alcmaeonids - decendants of teh archon who killed cylon (around 632 BC) at the temple of athena Polias, cuases periodic manishment of the artisocratic family. archon - the 10 yearly leaders of athens Very siginifcant for the purpose of dating, since the 'eponymous' archon gave his name to the year that he held office, and everythign was dated in "archon years" There is a partial mapping of years to archons that lets us pin point some events. (Change from life to 10 years in 753-2 BC) Yearly in 683/2 BC Areopagus Argos - a land Aristagoras Artemisium Athens Attica Bacchiad - Corinithian clan. basileus - Athenian term for king-like poision still maintinaed in 680's Callimachus Chryseis - daughter to Apollo's priest, Chyses whos is a war prise of Argemenon until Apollo strikes at argememnon. Cleisthenes - ??(590-89) Cleomenes - spartan leader who invades attica in 508/7 Corinth Council of 500 Croesus - Powerful dephian king, Caputre of sardix 546BC, death by Cyrus burning him on a pire Cylon -failed athena tyrant (632BC?). shows athenean lack of need for a tyrant at this time. His death caused the curse of the alcmaeonids Cypselus Cyrus - burned Croesus on e pire. Darius - acceeded in 521, captured babylon, persian leacer Delphi Demaratus demarch - PResedent of a deme (cleisthenes reformd) deme - districts after Cleisthenes reform. Dorian Invasion - 1000BC Main invation of the peloploease. 1050-950 main colonization times. Dorians Draco - (621) drew up laws for the athenans, sever laws. (after 623) ephors - spartan leaders, part of the four parts of leader ships. Epidaurus Eupatrids - pace from which Draco's judges were picked. Eurybiades geometric - morecomplex, but still boring pot style (starting from 900BC. Gerusia - Spratan council of elders who acted as judges. 30 mombers 2 kings over age 60 Gla - myceanaena fortress, used to be alake. shows the engeering feets of the myceaenancs that they were able to drain the lake. grave circle A - (1600-1500BC) Well intact collection of shaft graves that contrained a lot of Mycenaean Civilisation art and artificats. Amaingly right graves. SIgnificance: Showed alot about the society. Halicarnassus -city, herotius citizen Harmodius and Aristogeiton hektemoroi - land working class, lowest, befre solon abolished it. sixth-parters Hektor (hector) - Prince of troy, sone to priam and Hekuba. nasty thigns that happen to his body. heliaea -solon's peoples court (athens) Significance: step towards democracy Hellespont - Small watter pass betweent he persian empire and the greek mainline. Xerxes used a bridge of boats to cross it (480 BC). one major problem for the persiains in the persian war. helot - Spartan serfs decended from the early inbitants. Significance: they did all of the spartan work, allowing the spartans to concentrate on training for war thus making them very good soldiers, but because the helots out numbered the spartans so much, the spartans feared revolt if they left, and so were reluctant to fight battles very far from home. Herodotus (489-420) Hesiod (700) hetairia - Hipparchus - atheaean archon 496-5, ostrized (487) hippeis - Calvary of people able to afford horses. Hippias - succeeded pisistrus in the tyany of athens in 528-7 Hippoclides Histiaeus Homer (~750BC, but don't really know) Illiad (720) homoioi - spartan citizens and peers hoplite - Heavily armed infatry. (sheild and spear and armor) fighing style that gave a big advantage and made calvery fighting next to useless. Formed a phalanx. Allowed more people to be able to afford the gear to go into war so now every well off citizen could fight. First used in Messieian wars (725BC - 650BC) Ionian Revot - 499 Ionians Isagoras kleos (time') - krypteia - Secret police of the spartans, to keep the helots in line (after 479 BC) Laconia - Leonidas Leotychides Linear B - Tablets found in the ruins (Cnossus, destroyed about 1350BC) found by Evans (Mycenean) In 1939 another colleciton of linear B tablets, helped in tranlation. Showed form of Homeric greek. But they were boring. Lycurgus - 885BC (trditional date) fabled spartan law giver. Marathon - Battle of marathon (490BC) Mardonius 'medize' - The greeks were confused and though all persians were "medes" megaron - artictectual structure (a small hall or room with a large hearth and four pillairs. Distinguishing characteristic of Mycenaean palace. It was an important sign of the homegenaty of the mycean people and was mentioned in the illiad. Messenia - place in messenian war Messenian Wars - Spartan conquest. first may have been around 725BC second about 650BC figting by hipliod Miltiades - tyrant in thracian Chersonese (559-6) Mycale Mycenae - capital city of the Mycenaean Civilizations (1600-1100BC) Mytilene Nestor - At troy, old wise soldier, too old to fight but not to lead. Odysseus (ulysses) - most cunning of the Achaians Olympia - first Olympiad 776 ostracism - 400-500BC General voting to exhile anyone at all for 10 years. Birth of democracy becuase of the general body voting to control how is in power. Votes were cast on stone potsherds. Held in Agora. Pausanias pentakosiomedimnoi - 'Five hundreed medimni men' at athens, richest of the census-classes devised by Solon. penteconter - A fifty-oared ship. Significance? The greeks paied their oars, becuase they were free citizens and not slaves, this ment that the ships drained alot of money durring wars and usually turned to any means to make money. Periander - tyrant of corinith (600) perioeci - 'neighboring peoples' Mosst commonly used with reference to Sparta, where the other towns of Laconia were controled bu Sparta, had to follow her policies and fight with her in was. They manaded their own local addairs and where not suject to the strict dicipline of Spartan citizens. Significance: The spartans just had too many slaves and this was one of the signs. This was also important in the Persian wars when the Spartans called on their people. Perses Pheidon of Argos - became dominate power in 675-55 led argos to defeat sparta phratry - a smaller division of tribes. means brotherly something. Pisistratus - athenean tyrant 561-560. first sigh of discontent with artiscracy in athena d.528-7 Plataea polemarch - One of the nine athenian archons appoined annually. originally the commander of the army, he lost his military importance when in the early fifth century the command passed to the board of generals. His later duties were primarily justical, expecially concerned with the metics and forengers. polis - Greek city state. Important political structure that arose after the decline of monarchy and survived for a long time despite sportatic emergance of tyrants. protogeometric - The simple greometric art style on pots. It was signifcant becuase showed the complete loss of art, and a different social structure from the Mycenea civilization, which did have the time for artistic endevors. It shows can show that the people of this time had greater concernce than art and were a paranoid people. This loss of art was one of the distinguishing features of the dark ages. (1150 (distruction of the Mycenea) (1050-950) (dorian invation) before the dorian Invasion. proxeny - prytaneis - Following the reforms of Cleisthenes in AThens the Boule each uear consisted of 50 men chosen by lof from each of the ten Phylae; each group of 50 served as prytaneis, 'presidents', for one then of the year, this perios was callled a Prytany. THe perios was ewduced to one-twelf of the year when the number of Phylae was increased to 12 in 307 BC the Prytaneis were on duty every day and were responsible for arranging the meetings of the Boule and the Ecclesia. Each day one of the Prytaneis was chosen by lot to be chairman. -- signfinicance: This politlcal restructing strengthened certain factions and wekened others. It was a dramitic change. Pylos - Palace for Myceanean empire Salamis seisachtheia - 'A shaking odd of burdens' the first act of Solon's reforms, a cancellation of debts and the prohibition of lending on the security of person. shaft grave - A form of graves that placed the body in a large shaft, covered with clay and containing the body and lots of food and artifacts for the new life. signinficance: These were hard to rob so alot of the artifacs survived for our time. Shows the rightness of the society and the things that were inportant to them and their technology. Sicyon Solon - Athenan archon (594-3) and law giver. (640-560BC) added coins, did things for the poor. Sparta - stable about 800BC (thucydides) dorians took posetion 1000BC, two kings symposium synoecism - the joining of several communities into one city-state as when the city of Phodes was formed the uninon of Lindos, Camirus and Ialysus. happened to attica very early ~1500BC? Telemachus Theagenes Thebes Themistocles - decreed new athena fleet after silver was foudn in 482 Thermopylae - Battle of (480BC) thesmothetae - At athenas the six juniot of the nine archons, their function being mainly to control the law. admiister thesmoi. around 560BC thetes - Hired labourer or serf. It was also the name given to Solone's loweest census class. tholos tomb - tomb of princes used after shaft graves. Consisted of a chamber, with a behive liek mound, with a long passage. Then it was covered with dirt. Thrasybulus of Miletus - tyrant in 600 Tiryns - Place city for Myeanenain civ. tribe (phyle) - further division of trittyes trittyes(trittys) - Thirty territorial divisions creaded by Cleisthenes, each of whose ten new phylae contained three, one from each of the three reasoins of attica. (divisions of demes) Troy - desctroyed c1220? tyrant - single leader, large rise of tyranies in Corinish, Sicyon and Megera (650-600) Tyrtaeus - Spartan poet that did not mention Lycurgus as the lawgiver. poet and leader. only history of Messiana wars wanax - king Xerxes - Persian leader during perain wars (acceeded in 485) zeugitae - At athens before the time of Solon, the citizends of moderate meand roughly corresponding to the farmers. Solon used the name for his thrird censuse-class and they provided the bulk of the hoplites. Fromt he time of Cleisthenes, members of the class could hold major offices and from 457BC could be appointed archons. --- homer -- Illiad Hesiod -- Works and Days Xenophon -- (428/7-354)The politeia of the Spartans Plutarch-- (50-120AD)Life of Lycurgus, Life of Solon Aristotle -- constitution of Athens Herodotus (489-420)