SELECTED PUBLICATIONS
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Midelfort, K.S., Hernandez, H.H., Lippow, S.M., Tidor, B., Drennan, C.L., Wittrup, K.D. "Substantial Energetic Improvement with Minimal Structural Perturbation in a High Affinity Mutant Antibody." J. Mol. Biol., 343(3):685-701. [PubMed, Journal]

Rao, B.M., Driver, I., Lauffenburger D.A., Wittrup K.D. "IL-2 variants engineered for increased IL 2R-alpha affinity exhibit increased potency arising from a cell surface ligand reservoir effect." Molecular Pharmacology 66(4):864-869, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Chao, G., Cochran, J.R., Wittrup, K.D. "Fine Epitope Mapping of anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibodies through Random Mutagenesis and Yeast Surface Display." J. Mol. Biol. 342(2):539-50, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Colby, D.W., Garg, P., Holden, T., Chao, G., Webster, J.M., Messer, A., Ingram, V.M., Wittrup, K.D. "Development of a Human Light Chain Variable Domain (VL) Intracellular Antibody Specific for the Amino Terminus of Huntingtin via Yeast Surface Display." J. Mol. Biol. 342(3):901-12, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Johns TG, Adams TE, Cochran JR, Hall NE, Hoyne PA, Olsen MJ, Kim YS, Rothacker J, Nice EC, Walker F, Ritter G, Jungbluth AA, Old LJ, Ward CW, Burgess AW, Wittrup KD, Scott AM. "Identification of the Epitope for the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-specific Monoclonal Antibody 806 Reveals That It Preferentially Recognizes an Untethered Form of the Receptor." J. Biol Chem. 279(29):30375-30384, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Coughlan, C.M., Walker J.L., Cochran J.C., Wittrup K.D., Brodsky, J.L. "Degradation of mutated bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) in the yeast vacuole suggests post-endoplasmic reticulum protein quality control." J. Biol. Chem. 279(15):15289-97, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Graff, C.P., Chester K., Begent R., Wittrup, K.D. "Directed Evolution of an Anti-Carcinoembryonic Antigen scFv with a Four-Day Monovalent Dissociation Half-time at 37 ¡C." Protein Engineering, Design & Selection, 17:293, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Rao, B.M., Driver, I., Lauffenburger, D.A., Wittrup, K.D. "IL-2 variants engineered for increased IL 2R± affinity exhibit increased potency arising from a cell surface ligand reservoir effect." Protein Eng. 16(12):1081-1087, 2003.Ê [PubMed, Journal]

Cochran, J.R., Kim, Y.S., Olsen, M.J., Bhandari, R., Wittrup, K.D. "Domain-level antibody epitope mapping through yeast surface display of epidermal growth factor receptor fragments." J. Immunol. Methods, 287(1-2):147-158, 2003. [PubMed, Journal]

Peelle, B.R., Krauland, E., Wittrup, K.D., Belcher, A.M. "Yeast Display for Genetic Regulation of Material Specificity." Submitted. [PubMed, Journal]

Colby, D.W., Kellog, B.A., Graff, C.P., Yeung, Y.A., Swers, J.S., Wittrup, K.D. "Engineering Antibody Affinity by Yeast Surface Display." Methods in Enzymology, 388:348, 2004. [PubMed]

Swers, J.S., Kellogg, B.A., Wittrup, K.D. "Shuffled Antibody Libraries Created by In Vivo Homologous Recombination and Yeast Surface Display." Nucleic Acids Research, 32(3):36, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Rao, B.M., Girvin, A.T., Ciardelli, T., Lauffenburger, D.A., Wittrup, K.D. "Interleukin-2 Mutants with Enhanced alpha-Receptor Subunit Binding Affinity." Protein Engineering, 16(12):1081-7, 2003. [PubMed, Journal]

Grovender EA, Kellogg B, Singh J, Blom D, Ploegh H, Wittrup KD, Langer RS, Ameer GA. "Single-chain antibody fragment-based adsorbent for the extracorporeal removal of beta2-microglobulin." Kidney Int. 65(1):310-322, 2004. [PubMed, Journal]

Bhatia SK, Swers JS, Camphausen RT, Wittrup KD, Hammer DA. "Rolling Adhesion Kinematics of Yeast Engineered To Express Selectins." Biotechnol Prog. 19(3):1033-1037, 2003. [PubMed, Journal]

Graff, C.P., Wittrup, K.D. "Theoretical Analysis of Antibody Targeting of Tumor Spheroids:Ê Importance of Dosage for Penetration, and Affinity for Retention." Cancer Research, 63:1288, 2003. [PubMed, Journal]

Feldhaus, M.J., Siegel, R.W., Opresko, L.K., Coleman, J.R., Weaver Feldhaus, J.M., Yeung, Y.A., Cochran, J.R., Heinzelman, P., Colby, D., Swers, J., Graff, C., Wiley, H.S., Wittrup, K.D., "Flow-cytometric isolation of human antibodies from a nonimmune Saccharomyces cerevisiae surface display library," Nature Biotechnology 21, 163-170, 2003. [PubMed, Journal]
Orr B.A., Carr L.M., Wittrup K.D., Roy E.J., Kranz D.M., "Rapid Method for Measuring ScFv Thermal Stability by Yeast Surface Display", Biotechnol Prog. 19(2):631-8 (2003). [PubMed]
Graff C.P., Wittrup K.D., "Theoretical analysis of antibody targeting of tumor spheroids: importance of dosage for penetration, and affinity for retention," Cancer Res. 63(6):1288-96 (2003). [PubMed]
Yeung Y.A., Wittrup K.D., "Quantitative screening of yeast surface-displayed polypeptide libraries by magnetic bead capture," Biotechnol Prog. 18(2):212-20 (2002). [PubMed]
Wittrup, K.D., "Protein Engineering by Cell-surface Display," Current Opinion in Biotechnology 12 (4) 395-399, 2001. [PubMed, Journal]
Kieke M.C., E. Sundberg, E.V. Shusta, R.A. Mariuzza, K.D. Wittrup, D.M. Kranz, "High Affinity T-cell Receptors from Yeast Display Libraries Block T-cell Activation by Superantigens," J Mol Biol 307(5), 1305-1315, 2001.  [PubMed, Journal]
Boder, E.T., K.D. Wittrup, "Yeast Surface Display for Directed Evolution of Protein Expression, Affinity, and Stability," Methods in Enzymology 328, Ed. J. Thorner and S.D. Emr, 430-444, 2000.  [PubMed, Journal]
Wittrup, K.D., "The Single Cell as a Microplate Well," Nature Biotechnolgy 18(10), 1039-1040, 2000.  [PubMed, Journal]
Boder, E.T., K.S. Midelfort , K.D. Wittrup, "Directed Evolution of Antibody Fragments with Monovalent Femtomolar Antigen-binding Affinity," Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 97(20), 10701-10705, 2000.  [PubMed, Journal]
Shusta, E.V., P.D. Holler, M.C. Kieke, D.M. Kranz, K.D. Wittrup, "Directed Evolution of a Stable Scaffold for T-cell Receptor Engineering," Nature Biotechnology 18(7), 754-759, 2000.  [PubMed, Journal]
Holler P.D., P.O. Holman, E.V. Shusta, S. O'Herrin, K.D. Wittrup, D.M. Kranz, "In Vitro Evolution of a T cell receptor with High Affinity for peptide/MHC," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 97(10) 5387-5392, 2000. [PubMed, Journal]
Bannister, S.J.,  K.D. Wittrup, "Glutathione Excretion in Response to Heterologous Protein Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Biotechnology and Bioengineering 68(4), 389-395, 2000.  [PubMed, Journal]
VanAntwerp, J.J., K.D. Wittrup, "Fine Affinity Discrimination by Yeast Surface Display and Flow Cytometry," Biotechnology Progress 16(1), 31-37, 2000.  [PubMed, Journal]
Woycechowsky, K.J., K.D. Wittrup, R.E. Raines, "A Small-molecule Catalyst of Protein Folding in vitroand in vivo,"  Chemistry and Biology 6(12), 871-879, 1999.  [PubMed, Journal]
Wittrup, K.D., "Phage On Display," Trends In Biotechnolgy 17(11), 423-424, 1999.  [PubMed, Journal]
F. Becker, L. Block-Alper, G. Nakamura, J. Harada, K.D. Wittrup, D.I. Meyer,  "Expression of the 180-kD Ribosome Receptor Induces Membrane Proliferation and Increased Secretory Activity in Yeast,"  J. Cell Biol. 146(2), 273-284, 1999.  [PubMed, Journal]
E.V. Shusta, M.C. Kieke, E. Parke, D.M. Kranz, K.D. Wittrup, "Yeast Polypeptide Fusion Surface Display Levels Predict Thermal Stability and Soluble Secretion Efficiency," J Mol Biol 292(5), 949-956, 1999. [PubMed, Journal]
Wittrup, K.D., "Heterologous Protein Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae."  Encyclopedia of Bioprocess Engineering, Ed. M. Flickinger. [PubMed, Journal]
Wittrup, K. D., "Engineering Heterologous Secretion in Yeast,", Metabolic Engineering, Ed. E. T. Papoutsakis, in press.  [PubMed, Journal]
Kieke, M. C., E.V. Shusta, E. T. Boder, L. Teyton, K. D. Wittrup, D. M. Kranz, "Selection of Functional T Cell Receptor Mutants from a Yeast Surface-display Library," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 96(10), 5651-5656, 1999.  [PubMed, Journal]
VanAntwerp, J.J. and K. D. Wittrup, "Thermodynamic Characterization of Affinity Maturation:  The D1.3 Antibody and a Higher Affinity Mutant," J. Mol. Recog. 11(1-6), 10-13, 1998.  [PubMed, Journal]
Shusta, E. V., J.J. VanAntwerp, K. D. Wittrup, "Biosynthetic Polypeptide Libraries," Current Opinion in Biotechnology 10(2), 117-122, 1999. [PubMed, Journal]
Shusta, E. V., R. T. Raines, A. Plückthun, K. D. Wittrup, "Increasing the Secretory Capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Production of Single-chain Antibody Fragments," Nature Biotechnology 16(8), 773-777, 1998. [PubMed, Journal]
Kowalski, J. M., R. N. Parekh, J. Mao, and K. D. Wittrup, "Protein Folding Stability Can Determine the Efficiency of Escape from Endoplasmic Reticulum Quality Control," J. Biol. Chem. 273(31), 19453-19458, 1998. [PubMed, Journal]
Cho, B. K., M. C. Kieke, E. T. Boder, K. D. Wittrup and D. M. Kranz, "A Yeast Surface Display System for the Discovery of Ligands that Trigger Cell Activation," J. Immunol. Meth. 220(1-2), 179-188, 1998. [PubMed, Journal]
Kowalski, J. M., R. M. Kelly, J. Konisky, D. S. Clark and K. D. Wittrup, "Purification and Functional Characterization of a Chaperone from Methanococcus jannaschii," Systematic & Applied Microbiology 21(2), 173-178, 1998.  [PubMed, Journal]
Arnold, C. E., R. N. Parekh, W. Yang, and K. D. Wittrup, "Leader Peptide Efficiency Correlates with Signal Recognition Particle Dependence in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Biotechnology & Bioengineering 59(3), 286-293, 1998.  [PubMed, Journal]
Boder, E. T. and K. D. Wittrup, "Optimal Screening of Surface-Displayed Polypeptide Libraries," Biotechnology Progress 14(1), 55-62, 1998. [PubMed, Journal]
Kowalski, J. M., R. N. Parekh, and K. D. Wittrup, "Secretion Efficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae of Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor Mutants Lacking Disulfide Bonds Is Correlated with Thermodynamic Stability," Biochemistry 37(5), 1264-1273, 1998.  [PubMed, Journal]
Kieke, M. C., B. K. Cho, E. T. Boder, D. M. Kranz, and K. D. Wittrup, "Isolation of Anti-T Cell Receptor scFv Mutants by Yeast Surface Display," Protein Engineering 10(11), 1303-1310, 1997.  [PubMed, Journal]
Boder, E. T. and K. D. Wittrup, "Yeast Surface Display for Screening Combinatorial Polypeptide Libraries," Nature Biotechnology 15(6), 553-537, 1997.  [PubMed, Journal]
Parekh, R. N. and K. D. Wittrup, "Expression Level Tuning for Optimal Heterologous Protein Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Biotechnology Progress 13(2), 117-122, 1997.  [PubMed, Journal]
Robinson, A. S., J. A. Bockhaus, A. C. Voegler, and K. D. Wittrup, "Reduction of BiP Levels Decreases Heterologous Protein Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," J. Biol. Chem. 271(17), 10017, 1996.  [PubMed, Journal]
Parekh, R. N., M. R. Shaw, and K. D. Wittrup, "An Integrating Vector for Tunable, High Copy, Stable Integration into the Dispersed Ty-d  Sites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Biotechnology Progress 12(1), 16-21, 1996.  [PubMed, Journal]
Robinson, A. S. and K. D. Wittrup, "Constitutive Overexpression of Secreted Heterologous Proteins Decreases Extractable BiP and Protein Disulfide Isomerase Levels in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Biotechnology Progress 11(2), 171-177, 1995.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D. "Disulfide Bond Formation and Eukaryotic Secretory Productivity," Current Opinion in Biotechnology 6(2), 203-208, 1995. [PubMed, Journal]
Parekh, R. N., K. Forrester, and K. D. Wittrup "Multicopy Overexpression of Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor Saturates the Protein Folding and Secretory Capacity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Protein Expression and Purification 6(4), 537-545, 1995.  [PubMed, Journal]
Arnold, C. E. and K. D. Wittrup "The Stress Response to Loss of Signal Recognition Particle Function in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," J. Biol. Chem. 269(48), 30412-30418, 1994.  [PubMed, Journal]
Wittrup, K. D., A. S. Robinson, R. N. Parekh, and K. J. Forrester, "Existence of an Optimum Expression Level for Secretion of Foreign Proteins in Yeast," Annals of NY Academy of Sciences 745, 321-330, 1994. [PubMed,  Journal]
Robinson, A. S., V. Hines, and K. D. Wittrup, "Protein Disulfide Isomerase Overexpression Increases Secretion of Foreign Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,"  Bio/Technology (NY) 12(4), 381-384, 1994. [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D. and V. Benig, "Optimization of Amino Acid Supplements for Heterologous Protein Secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae,"  Biotechnology Techniques 8, 161-166, 1994.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D., R. J. Westerman, and R. Desai "Fluorescence Array Detector for Large Field Quantitative Fluorescence Cytometry," Cytometry 16(3), 206-213, 1994.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Shaw, M. R., R. Schiek, and K. D. Wittrup, "Stochastic Simulation of 2m Multicopy Plasmid Amplification in Yeast," Biotechnology Progress 9(2), 160-165, 1993.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Robinson, A. S. and K. D. Wittrup, "The Role of the Protein Folding Chaperone BiP in Secretion of Foreign Proteins in Eukaryotic Cells," ACS Symp. Series 526, 121-132, 1993.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D., A. L. Weber, and P. Tsai, "Microencapsulation Selection for Isolation of Yeast Mutants with Increased Secretion of Aspergillus awamori Glucoamylase," Biotechnology & Bioengineering 42, 351-356, 1993.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D. and J. E. Bailey, "Comments on a segregated model of recombinant cultures:  authors' reply," Biotechnology & Bioengineering 38, 1364-1365, 1991.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Meilhoc, E., K. D. Wittrup, and J. E. Bailey, "Influence of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration on Growth, Mitochondrial Function and Antibody Production of Hybridoma Cells in Batch Culture." Bioprocess Engineering 5, 263, 1990.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D., B. Ratzkin, A. Patel, and J. E. Bailey, "Propagation of an Amplifiable Recombinant Plasmid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae:  Flow Cytometry Studies and Segregated Modeling," Biotechnology & Bioengineering 35, 565-577, 1990.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D. and J. E. Bailey, "Mathematical Modeling of a Single-Cell Enzyme Assay in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using a Fluorogenic Substrate," Biotechnology & Bioengineering 35, 525-532, 1990.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Budd, M. E., K. D. Wittrup, J. E. Bailey, and J. L. Campbell, "DNA polymerase I is required for premeiotic DNA replication and sporulation but not for X-ray repair in Saccharomyces cerevisiae," Mol Cell Biol. 9(2), 365-376, 1989.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Meilhoc, E., K. D. Wittrup, and J. E. Bailey, "Application of flow cytometric measurement of surface IgG in kinetic analysis of monoclonal antibody synthesis and secretion by murine hybridoma cells," J. Immunol. Meth. 121(2), 167-174, 1989.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D. and J. E. Bailey, "A Single-cell Assay of  b-galactosidase Activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using a Fluorogenic Substrate," Cytometry 9(4), 394-404, 1988.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D. and J. E. Bailey, "A Mathematical Model of Recombinational Amplification of the 2m  Plasmid in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae," J. of Theor. Biol. 130(4), 481-492, 1988.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D., M. Mann, D. Fenton, L. Tsai, and J. E. Bailey, "Single-cell Light Scatter as a Probe of Refractile Body Formation in Recombinant E. coli," Bio/Technology (NY) 6, 423-427, 1988.  [PubMed,  Journal]
Wittrup, K. D. and J. E. Bailey,  "A Segregated Model of Recombinant Multicopy Plasmid Propagation," Biotechnology & Bioengineering 31, 304-310, 1988.  [PubMed,  Journal]