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________. Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. Boston: Little, Brown, 1971.

Amnesty International. Rwanda: Arming the Perpetrators of the Genocide. London: Amnesty International, June 1995.

Anderggen, Anton. France’s Relationship with Sub-Saharan Africa. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1994.

Barber, Ben. "Feeding Refugees or War? The Dilemma of Humanitarian Aid." Foreign Affairs 76 (July/August 1997):8-14.

Bard, Mitchell Geoffrey. The Water’s Edge and Beyond: Defining the Limits to Domestic Influence on United States Middle East Policy. Brunswick, New Jersey: Transaction Publishers, 1991.

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Costigliola, Franck. France and the U.S: The Cold Alliance since World War II. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1992.

Deng, M. Francis, Sadikiel Kimaro, Terrence Lyons, Donald Rothchild, and William I. Zartman. Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1996.

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de Waal, Alex. "International Intervention: Thoughtless Responses." Crosslines. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Reporting, 1996.

Dewey, Arthur E., and Walter S. Clarke. "The Comprehensive Campaign Plan: A Humanitarian/Political/Military Partnership for Complex Humanitarian Emergencies." Washington, DC: Congressional Hunger Center, August 1996.

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Esposito, John L. The Islamic Threat: Myth or Reality? 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press,1995.

European Parliament. Resolution on the Situation in Eastern Zaire. December 12, 1996.

Faubert, Carrol. "Rwanda: Voluntary Repatriation and Reconciliation." Background paper for the Second UNHCR/International Peace Academy Conference on Healing the Wounds: Refugees, Reconstruction and Reconciliation. Princeton: Princeton University, May 30-June 1, 1996.

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Gibbs, David N. The Political Economy of Third World Intervention: Mines, Money, and U.S. Policy in The Congo Crisis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991.

Guichaoua, A., ed. Les Crises Politiques au Burundi et au Rwanda (1993-1994): Analyses, Faits et Documents. Lille: Universite des Sciences et Technology, 1995.

Haass, Richard. The Reluctant Sheriff: The U.S. After the Cold War. New York: Council of Foreign Relations Press, 1997.

Hadar, Leon T. Quagmire: America and the Middle East. Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 1992.

Hinckley, Barbara. Less than Meets the Eye: Foreign Policy Making and the Myth of the Assertive Congress. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.

Holsti, Ole R. "Theories of Crisis Decision Making." In International Relations Theory: Realism, Pluralism, Globalism. 2nd ed., edited by Paul Viotti and Mark Kauppi. New York: Macmillan, 1993.

Human Rights Watch/Arms Project. Rwanda/Zaire. Rearming with Impunity. International support for the perpetrators of the Rwandan genocide. New York: Human Rights Watch, May 1995.

Johnson, Robert H. Improbable Dangers: U.S. Conceptions of Threat in the Cold War and After. NewYork: Martin’s Press, 1994.

Kalb, Madeleine G. The Congo Cables: The Cold War in Africa from Eisenhower to Kennedy. New York: Macmillan, 1982.

Khalizad, Zalmay. From Containment to Global Leadership? America and the World after the Cold War. Santa Monica: Rand, 1995.

Kourula, Pirkko, Broadening the Edges: Refugee Definition and International Protection Revisited. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1997.

Lancaster, Carol J. U.S. and Africa: Into the 21st Century. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council, 1993.

Maton, Jean and Van Bauwel, A Chronique d’une Catastrophe Annoncée: le Probleme des Refugies au Kivu 1994-1996. Universiteit Gent, Novembre 1996.

Maynes, Charles W. and Richard S. Williamson. U.S. Foreign Policy and the United Nations System. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1996.

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Milwood, David, editor. The International Response to Conflict and Genocide: Lessons from the Rwanda Experience. vols. 1 to 4. Odensee: Steering Committee of the Joint Evaluation of Emergency Assistance to Rwanda, March 1996.

Morgenthau, Hans. Politics Among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. 5th edition. New York:Alfred A. Knopf, 1973.

Natsios, Andrew S. U.S. Foreign Policy and the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse: Humanitarian Relief In Complex Emergencies. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger, 1997.

Newbury, Catherine. The Cohesion of Oppression: Clientship and Ethnicity in Rwanda, 1860-1960. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Newland, Kathleen. U.S. Refugee Policy: Dilemmas and Directions. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1996.

Newsom, David D. The Public Dimension of Foreign Policy. Bloomington: Indiana University Press,1996.

Ngonzola-Ntalaja, Georges. Editor. The Crisis in Zaire: Myths and Realities. Trenton, NJ: Africa World Press, 1986.

Ogata, Sadako. Statement by the High Commissioner for Refugees to the Third Committee of the General Assembly, United Nations, New York, November 3, 1997.

________. "The Evolution of UNHCR." Journal of International Affairs 47 (Winter 1994):419-428.

Ogene, F. Chidozie. Interest Groups and the Shaping of Foreign Policy: Four Case Studies of United States African Policy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1983.

Payne, Richard J. The Clash with Distant Cultures: Values, Interest and Force in American Foreign Policy. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995.

Prunier, Gerard. "La Crise Rwandaise. Structures et Déroulement." Refugee Survey Quarterly 13 (Summer/Autumn 1994):13-46.

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Rieff, David. "Real Politik in Congo: Should Zaire’s Fate Have Been Subordinate to the Fate of Rwandan Refugees?" The Nation 265 (July 7, 1997):16-21.

Roberts, Adam. Humanitarian Action in War: Aid, Protection and Impartiality in a Policy Vacuum. The International Institute for Strategic Studies, Adelphi Paper 305. London: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Roberts, Brad. Editor. U.S. Foreign Policy after the Cold War. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 1992.

Robinson, William I. Promoting Polyarchy: Globalization, U.S. Intervention and Hegemony. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Rosenblum, Peter. "Endgame in Zaire." Current History 96 (May 1997):200-205.

Rotberg, Robert I. and Thomas G. Weiss. Editors. From Massacres to Genocide: The Media, Public Policy, and Humanitarian Crises. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Brookings Institution and the World Peace Foundation, 1996.

Rubin, Barry M. Secrets of State: The State Department and the Struggle over U.S. Foreign Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

Schatzberg, Michael G. Mobutu or Chaos? The United States and Zaire, 1960-1990. Philadelphia: University Press of America, 1991.

Sharkey, Jacqueline. "When Pictures Drive Foreign Policy." American Journalism Review 15 (December 1993):14-19.

Shaw, Timothy, and Aluko Olajide. Editors. The Political Economy of African Foreign Policy. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1984.

Schraeder, Peter J. Editor. Intervention into the 1990’s: U.S. Foreign Policy in the Third World. Boulder: L. Reinner, 1992.

________. U.S. Foreign Policy toward Africa: Incrementalism, Crisis and Change. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

________. "France and the Great Game in Africa." Current History 96 (May 1997):206-211.

Stein, Barry, Frederick N. Cuny, and Pat Reed. Refugee Repatriation during Conflict: A New Conventional Wisdom. Dallas: Center for the Study of Societies in Crisis, 1995.

Teitelbaum Michael S. and Weiner Myron. Editors. Threatened Peoples, Threatened Borders: World Migration & U.S. Policy. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1995.

Tucker, Robert W. and David C. Hendrickson. The Imperial Temptation: The New World Order and America’s Purpose. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1992.

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________. Albright, Madeleine K. Ambassador to the U.S. Mission to the United Nations, Statement to the United Nations General Assembly High Level Working Group on Strengthening the UN System, January 15, 1996.

________. Albright, Madeleine K., Ambassador and U.S. Representative to the United Nations. "The Imperative of American Leadership." New York: Address to the American Jewish Congress, February 29, 1996.

________. Albright, Madeleine K. Ambassador and Permanent Representative of the U.S. to the United Nations. "The UN and U.S. Foreign Policy." Colorado Springs, Colorado: Address to The United States Air Force Academy, March 12, 1996.

________. Atwood, Brian J. "The Future of Foreign Aid." Washington, DC: Address to the Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid, March 12, 1996.

________. Christopher, Warren. US Secretary of State. "The FY97 International Affairs Budget." Washington, DC: Statement before the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary, March 15, 1996.

________. Inderfurth, Karl F. Ambassador and United States Representative for Special Political Affairs. Statement to the Security Council on the Situation in Rwanda and explanation of vote, March 8, 1996.

________. Under Secretary for Economic, Business and Agricultural Affairs. "Promoting U.S. Economic Interests and the FY97 International Affairs Budget Request." Washington, DC: Statement before the House Appropriations Committee, Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary, May 8, 1996.

________. Progress Report of the Secretary-General on UNAMIR for the Period from 3 August to 6 October 1994. Security Council, S/1994/1133. October 6, 1994.

________. Report of the Secretary-General Outlining Three Options for a Possible Peace-Keeping Operation to Enhance Security in Camps for Rwandan Refugees. Security Council, S/1994/1308.November 18, 1994.

________. Rwanda Human Rights Practices, 1995. March 1996.

 ________. Security Council. Official Proceedings. From March 1995 to January 1997.

 ________. Statement by the President of the Security Council on the situation of Rwandan refugees. Security Council, S/PRST/1994/75. 30 November, 1994.

 ________. Sudan Human Rights Practices, 1995. March 1996.

________. Talbot, Strobe. Deputy Secretary of State. "Preserving America’s Capacity for Leadership."Milwaukee, Wisconsin, September 12, 1995.

________. Uganda Human Rights Practices, 1995. March 1996.

 ________. Zaire Human Rights Practices, 1995. March 1996.

 US Congress, United States House of Representatives, Committee on International Relations.

 ________. Subcommittee on Africa. Subcommittee on Africa. Zaire: Collapse of an African giant? Hearing held on April 8, 1997. 105th Congress, 1st Session. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.

________. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. Refugees in Eastern Zaire and Rwanda. Hearing held on December 4, 1996. 104th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996.

________. Subcommittees on Africa and International Economic Policy and Trade. Obstacles to U.S.- African Trade and Investment. Joint Hearings held on May 20, 1997. 105th Congress, 1st Session. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997.

US Congress. United States Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations.

________. Subcommittee on African Affairs. Crisis in Central Africa. Hearing held on July 26, 1994. 103rd Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1994.

________. Subcommittee on African Affairs. The Democratic Republic of Congo: U.S. Policy and the Prospects for a Stable Democracy. Stenographic Transcript of Hearing held on July 8, 1997. 105th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, DC; U.S. Government Printing Office, 1997. 

Vassal-Adams, G. Rwanda: An Agenda for International Action. London: Oxfam, 1994.

Weidenfeld, Werner. America and Europe: Is the Break Inevitable? Guterlosch, Germany: Bertelsman, 1996.

 Weissman, Stephen R. American Foreign Policy in the Congo, 1960-1964. Ithaca: Cornell UniversityPress, 1974.

Willame, J.C. "Zaire: État de Crise et Perspectives Futures." Refugee Survey Quarterly 16 (1997):26-41.

Young, Crawford and Thomas Turner. The Rise and Decline of the Zairian State. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1985.

 

Journals, Periodicals, Newspapers, reviewed for the period July 1994 to December 1996

 

Agence France Presse

Congressional Quarterly Almanac

Department of State Bulletin

Foreign Affairs

Foreign Policy

Foreign Relations of the United States, annual volumes

Le Figaro

Le Monde

Le Soir

Reuters

The Nation

The New Yorker

The New York Times

The Washington Post