up previous next
Ext

presentation Ext modules as quotients of free modules

Syntax
Ext(I: INT, M:TAGGED("Quotient"), Q:TAGGED("Quotient")): TAGGED("Quotient")
Ext(I: LIST, M:TAGGED("Quotient"), Q:TAGGED("Quotient")): TAGGED("$ext.ExtList")

Description
***** NOT YET IMPLEMENTED *****

In the first form the function computes the I-th Ext module of M and N. It returns a presentation of Ext^I_R(M, N) as a quotient of a free module.

IMPORTANT: the only exception to the type of M or N (or even of the output) is when they are either a zero module or a free module. In these cases their type is indeed MOD.

It computes Ext via a presentation of the quotient of the two modules Ker(Phi*_I) and Im(Phi*_{I-1}), where

- Phi_I is the I-th map in the free resolution of M

- Phi*_I is the map Hom(Phi_I, N) in the dual of the free resolution.

Main differences with the previous version include:

- SHIFTS have been removed, consequently only standard homogeneous modules and quotients are supported

- as a consequence of 1), the type Tagged("Shifted") has been removed. Ext will just be a Tagged("Quotient")

- The former functions Presentation(), HomPresentation() and KerPresentation() have been removed

- The algorithm uses Res() to compute the maps needed, and not SyzOfGens anylonger, believed to cause troubles

- The function Ext always has THREE variables, see syntax...

In the second form the variable I is a LIST of nonnegative integers. In this case the function Ext prints all the Ext modules corresponding to the integers in I. The output is of special type Tagged("$ext.ExtList") which is basically just the list of pairs {(J, Ext^J(M, N)) | J in I} in which the first element is an integer of I and the second element is the correpsonding Ext module.

VERY IMPORTANT: CoCoA cannot accept the ring R as one of the inputs, so if you want to calculate the module Ext^I_R(M, R) you need to type something like

Ext(I, M, ideal(1));

or

Ext(I, M, R^1);

or

Ext(I, M, R/ideal(0));

NOTE: The input is pretty flexible in terms of what you can use for M and N. For example they can be zero modules or free modules. See some examples below.

Example
  Use R ::= QQ[x,y,z];
  I := ideal(x^5, y^3, z^2);
  ideal(0) : (I);
ideal(0)
-------------------------------
  $hom.Hom(R^1/Module(I), R^1);   -- from Hom package
Module([[0]])
-------------------------------
  Ext(0, R/I, R^1);   --- all those things should be isomorphic
Module([[0]])
-------------------------------
  Ext(0..4, R/I, R/ideal(0)); -- another way to define the ring R as a quotient
Ext^0 = Module([[0]])

Ext^1 = Module([[0]])

Ext^2 = Module([[0]])

Ext^3 = R^1/Module([[x^5], [y^3], [z^2]])

Ext^4 = Module([[0]])

-------------------------------
  N := Module([x^2,y], [x+z,0]);
  Ext(0..4, R/I, R^2/N);
Ext^0 = Module([[0]])

Ext^1 = Module([[0]])

Ext^2 = R^2/Module([[0, x + z], [y, 0], [0, z^2], [z^2, 0], [0, y^3], [x^5, 0]])

Ext^3 = R^2/Module([[x + z, 0], [0, z^2], [z^2, 0], [y^3, 0], [0, x^5], [0, y]])

Ext^4 = Module([[0]])

-------------------------------
Since version 4.7.3 the output modules are presented minimally.
See Also