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CHRISTINE ORTIZ, Ph.D.
Higher Education Leader | Board Director | Nonprofit Trustee
Professor | Engineer | Scientist | Social Entrepreneur

Morris Cohen Professor of Materials Science and Engineering

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Founder, Station1

cortiz@mit.edu | LinkedIn | Twitter

 

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Biography

Christine Ortiz is a higher education leader, board director, nonprofit trustee, professor, engineer, former dean, and social entrepreneur. Dr. Ortiz has over 25 years of experience in higher education and a passion for emerging integrative research, transformative pedagogies, social mobility and impact. As the Morris Cohen Professor of Materials Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, she is an internationally recognized academic who has made pioneering advancements in the areas of biotechnology and biomaterials, nanotechnology, design of novel and multifunctional materials, multiscale mechanics of materials, multiscale computational modeling of materials, advanced and additive manufacturing, surface science, coatings, and tribology,socioresilient and sustainable approaches to materials design, and socially-directed science and technology. She has given invited talks in over 40 countries, has over 200 scholarly publications (including features on the covers of the journals Science, Nature Materials, The Journal of Structural Biology), supervised the research projects of more than 100 students from 10 different academic disciplines, and received more than 30 national and international honors including the Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering which was awarded to her at the White House by U.S. President George W. Bush and prestigious Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship. Dr. Ortiz has led large cross-disciplinary teams and research grants which have included engineers, scientists, physicians, architects, historians, linguists, civic designers, and urban planners. Dr. Ortiz has been served on over 50 scientific advisory boards and expert panels collectively overseeing in excess of $200M in research funds.

 

Dr. Ortiz served as Dean for Graduate Education at MIT between 2010-2016 where she supported more than 7,000 graduate students from 100+ countries enrolled in 45 graduate degree programs in 5 academic schools. Inclusive collaboration across schools, academic departments, administrative offices, and stakeholder groups was a hallmark of her tenure as dean and resulted in the development and implementation of a five-year strategic plan. She was the founding principal investigator of the MIT University Center of Exemplary Mentoring sponsored by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, created an infrastructure for advancing the funding acquisition of graduate fellowships, and led the development of innovative global education and research opportunities (e.g. internships in international startup ecosystems, cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary programming, global community-based participatory research, etc.).  During this time, she served on the board of directors of the Council for Graduate Schools and was invited to speak worldwide including, for example, at the League of European Research Universities (Zurich, Switzerland), the European Union Council for Doctoral Education (Reykjavík, Iceland), the Vitae Researcher Development International Conference (Manchester, UK), the Association of Chinese Graduate Schools (Hangzhou, China), and the Workshop for Higher Education for the 21st Century (Kingdom of Bahrain).

 

In 2016, Dr. Ortiz founded Station1 (www.station1.org). Station1 is a startup nonprofit higher education institution based in Massachusetts that has developed a new model of frontier learning and research — socially-directed science and technology. Based upon a foundation of inclusion, equality, and justice this model integrates science, technology, engineering, and math with humanistic fields and the social sciences in order to interrogate, understand, and shape technologically-driven societal impact towards more just, ethical, and sustainable outcomes. Station1 designs and delivers transformative education, research, and innovation programs and leads higher education collective impact systems change initiatives. Core to this work has been broadening participation for students of color, those from low income and immigrant backgrounds, and those who are first generation to college. By assembling a cross-disciplinary team of educators and researchers, this work has resulted in a stream of innovations including, for example, design and construction of a novel learning space in a historic wool mill, a digitally-enabled curriculum on socially-directed science and technology that incorporates inclusive pedagogies, active learning, and local-global social context, new forms of cross-sector partnership and experiential learning with startup companies and within innovation ecosystems across the U.S., the development of shared leadership models and a multi-institutional collective impact initiative (eight (8) leading STEM higher education institutions with members overseeing thirty (30) programs and 30,000 students), and new multi-investigator cross-disciplinary collaborative research projects on socially-directed science and technology (e.g. socioresilient infrastructure, socially-directed circular materials, computationally-driven origins of human language, etc.). Station1 has garnered the support from over 80 individuals, foundations, nonprofit organizations, and corporate sponsors for example, the ECMC Foundation, the Analog Devices Corporate Foundation, the Siegel Family Endowment, the Hopper-Dean Foundation, LabCentral (one of the largest biotechnology startup accelerators in the U.S.), Craig Newmark Philanthropies, The Amelia Peabody Foundation, The Spencer Foundation, The Abbot and Dorothy H. Stevens Foundation, New Profit (venture philanthropy firm), and many more. Since this time, Dr. Ortiz has received hundreds of speaking invitations from all over the world and accepted invitations to speak at The United Nations Conference on Frontier Technologies (New York City),The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) (Paris, France), the League of European Research Universities (Edinburgh, Scotland), Semesp (a national organization for Brazilian Higher Education) (São Paulo, Brazil), Bankinter Foundation Future Trends Forum (Madrid, Spain), Edtech Sweden (Stockholm, Sweden), Innovative Europe (Lodz, Poland), Workshop on the Future of Higher Education (Brisbane, Australia), Eisenhower Global Conference on the Future of Work (Cartagena, Colombia), The National Science Foundation (NSF) agency-wide lecture on the Future of Education, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) plenary on socially-directed research, the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) Future of STEM Education Conference, among other venues. Dr. Ortiz has an extensive professional network with over 30,000 followers on social media.

 

Dr. Ortiz also participates in board service across sectors and has experience in executive leadership, corporate governance, financial / capital allocation, government and regulatory affairs, international business, strategic planning, digital transformation, human capital management, environmental-social-governance, corporate social responsibility, diversity, equity, and inclusion marketing and branding, communications, enterprise risk management, social entrepreneurship, organizational culture and development, cross-sector collaboration (academic, nonprofit, industrial), stakeholder, civic, and community engagement. She serves as a corporate board director for the publicly traded water infrastructure and technology company, Mueller Water Products (NYSA MWA, Market Cap $1.922B) and a trustee of the Essex County Community Foundation (private foundation, assets $97M, region covering 34 cities). She has served as Secretary and Board of Directors, National Consortium for Graduate Degrees for Minorities in Science and Engineering (The National GEM Consortium) (national nonprofit organization, assets $7.8M), on the Board of Directors, Materials Research Society (international nonprofit scientific society with assets $15.5M and 14,000 members), and the Board of Directors, Council for Graduate Schools (national nonprofit organization with assets $15M, membership includes 500 universities). She also served as a regional accreditation commissioner for the Commission on Institutions of Higher Education, New England Association of Schools and Colleges which reviews and oversees all aspects of approximately 250 colleges and universities.

 

Dr. Ortiz received a B.S. in Materials Science and Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, a M.S. and Ph.D. in Materials Science and Engineering with a minor in Theoretical and Applied Mechanics from Cornell University.

 

Research Summary
The focus of Ortiz's research is on structural or load-bearing biological and bio-inspired materials, in particular musculoskeletal (internal to the body) and exoskeletal (external to the body) tissues. A powerpoint summary can be found here. Such systems have developed hierarchical and heterogeneous composite structures over millions of years of evolution in order to sustain the mechanical loads experienced in their specific environment. For this reason, they have enjoyed a long and distinguished history in the literature of more than a century with an emphasis on macroscopic, continuum-level biomechanics. Ortiz studies these fascinating systems using expertise in high resolution materials analysis and multiscale mechanics, including “nanomechanics”: the measurement and prediction of extremely small forces and displacements, the quantification of nanoscale spatially-varying mechanical properties, the identification of local constitutive laws, the formulation of molecular-level structure-property relationships, and the investigation of new mechanical phenomena existing at small length scales. Novel experimental and theoretical methods are employed involving increasing levels of complexity from individual molecules to biomimetic molecular assemblies to single cells to the nanoscale properties of the in-tact tissue. In addition, the classical materials science methods, the Ortiz group has specialized expertise in atomic force microscopy-based nanomechanics, nanoindentation, nanorheology, single cell mechanics, finite element analysis, micro and nanocomputed tomography, X-ray synchrotron, computational design, and additive manufacturing (3D printing). The result, and ultimate objective of this research is a fundamental, mechanistic-based understanding of tissue function, quality, and pathology. The scientific foundation being formed has relevance to both the medical and engineering fields. Nanotechnological methods applied to the field of musculoskeletal tissues and tissue engineering hold great promise for significant and rapid advancements towards tissue repair and/or replacement, improved treatments, and possibly even a cure for people afflicted with diseases such as osteoarthritis. In addition, the discovery of new nanoscale design principles and energy-dissipating mechanisms will enable the production of improved and increasingly advanced biologically-inspired structural engineering materials and protective defense technologies that exhibit "mechanical property amplification" - that is, dramatic improvements in mechanical properties (e.g. increases in strength and toughness) for a material relative to its constituents. The work in musculoskeletal tissues focuses on articular cartilage, bone, and intervertebral disc. The work in exoskeletal structures involves; natural flexible armor, transparent armor, armor for biochemical toxin resistance, kinetic attacks, thermal regulation, and blast dissipation. Model systems include armored fish, deep sea hydrothermal vent and antarctic molluscs, molluscs and echinoderms with articulating plate armor. More recently, we have applied new methods in computational design and additive manufacturing to achieve bio-inspired systems with tunable and unique mechanical behavior by precise control of both the material (structure and properties) and morphometry (shape).


Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
The The Ortiz Research group values, is committed to, and aims to foster diversity, equity, inclusion, and justice, including embracing the strengths of social, cultural, and identity-based differences, in all aspects of its research, collaboration, education, and external activities.

 

Publications

 

1.                Katia Zolotovsky Swati Varshney, Steffen Reichert, Eric M. Arndt, Ming Dao, Mary C. Boyce, and Christine Ortiz, “Fish-inspired flexible protective material systems with anisotropic bending stiffness,” Communication Materials, 2021, in press.

2.             Spero, Ellan F., and Christine Ortiz, "Navigating Dimensions across Materials and History: Scale as a Lens to Understand Dynamic and Cumulative Sociotechnical Relationships." Diseña 18 (2021), 1-1.

3.             Datta, B. and C. Ortiz, "Methods for Design and Fabrication of Bio-Inspired Nanostructures Exhibiting Structural Coloration," Advanced Fabrication Technologies for Micro/Nano Optics and Photonics XIII, Vol. 11292, International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2020.

4.             Qua, F.J.S., "(Im) Material: A Qualitative Study on Sustainable Materials for Design Through a Comparative Review of Leather and its Modern Alternatives," Qua, Frances Jillian S. 2019 Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2019.

5.             Connors, M., T. Yang, A. Hosny, Z. Deng, F. Yazdandoost, H. Massaadi, D. Eernisse, R. Mirzaeifar, M.N. Dean, and J.C. Weaver, "Bioinspired Design of Flexible Armor Based on Chiton Scale," Nature Communications, 10(1), p. 1-13, 2019.

6.             Zolotovsky, K., Gazit, M., & Ortiz, C., "Guided Growth of Bacterial Cellulose Biofilms," In Conference on Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, (pp. 538-548), Springer Nature, July 2018.

7.             Oftadeh, R., Connizzo, B. K., Nia, H. T., Ortiz, C., & Grodzinsky, A., "Biological Connective Tissues Exhibit Viscoelastic and Poroelastic Behavior at Different Frequency Regimes: Application to Tendon and Skin Biophysics,"  Acta Biomaterialia, 70, 249-259, 2018.

8.             Xia, L., "Design and Analysis of Bio-Inspired 3D Printing Body Armor for Neck Support and Protection," Thesis S.M. In Engineering and Management, System Design and Management Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018.

9.             "Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century,” National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; Policy and Global Affairs; Board on Higher Education and Workforce; Committee on Revitalizing Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century; Alan Leshner and Layne Scherer, Editors. Authros: A. Leshner, Sherilynn Black, Mary Sue Coleman, Jamie Curtis-Fisk, Kenneth Gibbs, Maureen Grasso, Sally Mason, Mary Maxon, Suzanne Ortega, Christine Ortiz, Melanie Roberts, Henry Sauermann, Barbara Ann Schaal, Subhash Singhal, Kate Stoll, James Tein, Keith Yamamoto. 2018.

10.          Gazit, M., C. Ortiz, and K. Zolotovsky, "Guided Growth: The Interplay among Life, Material, and Scaffolding," Active Matter, p. 83, 2017.

11.          Zolotovsky, K., "Guided Growth: Design and Computation of Biologically Active Materials," (Doctoral Dissertation), Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017.

12.          Cranford, S.W., L. Han, C. Ortiz, and M.J. Buehler, "Mutable Polyelectrolyte Tube Arrays: Mesoscale Modeling and Lateral Force Microscopy," Soft Matter, 13(33), p. 5543-5557, 2017.

13.          Liu, L., Y. Jiang, M. Boyce, C. Ortiz, J. Baur, J. Song, and Y. Li, "The Effects of Morphological Irregularity on the Mechanical Behavior of Interdigitated Biological Sutures under Tension,"  Journal of Biomechanics, 58: p. 71-78, 2017.

14.          Lee, W.L., H.Y. Low, and C. Ortiz, "Geometry-Dependent Compressive Responses in Nanoimprinted Submicron-Structured Shape Memory Polyurethane,"  Soft Matter, 13(18), p. 3314-3327, 2017.

15.          Azadi, M., H.T. Nia, S.J. Gauci, C. Ortiz, A.J. Fosang, and A.J. Grodzinsky, "Wide Bandwidth Manomechanical Assessment of Murine Cartilage Reveals Protection of Aggrecan Knock-in Mice from Joint-Overuse," Journal of Biomechanics, 49(9), p. 1634-1640, 2016.

16.          Varshney, S.S.R., "Biological and Bio-Inspired Morphometry as a Route to Tunable and Enhanced Materials Design," (Ph.D Dissertation), Department of Mateiials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016.

17.          Li, L., M.J. Connors, M. Kolle, G.T. England, D.I. Speiser, X. Xiao, J. Aizenberg, and C. Ortiz, "Multifunctionality of Chiton Biomineralized Armor with an Integrated Visual System,"  Science 350(6263), p. 952-956, 2015.

18.          Arndt, E.M., W. Moore, W.-K. Lee, and C. Ortiz, "Mechanistic Origins of Bombardier Beetle (Brachinini) Explosion-Induced Defensive Spray Pulsation,"  Science 348(6234), p. 563-567, 2015.

19.          Li, L., S. Kolle, J.C. Weaver, C. Ortiz, J. Aizenberg, and M. Kolle, “A Highly Conspicuous Mineralized Composite Photonic Architecture in the Translucent Shell of the Blue-Rayed Limpet,” Nature Communications 6(1), 6322, p. 1-11, 2015..

19.          Li, L. and C. Ortiz, "A Natural 3D Interconnected Laminated Composite with Enhanced Damage Resistance," Advanced Functional Materials, 25(23), p. 3463-3471, 2015.

20.          Li, L., J.C. Weaver, and C. Ortiz, "Hierarchical Structural Design for Fracture Resistance in the Shell of the Pteropod Clio Pyramidata,"  Nature Communications, 6(1), 6216, p. 1-10, 2015.

21.          Li, Q., B. Doyran, L.W. Gamer, X.L. Lu, L. Qin, C. Ortiz, A.J. Grodzinsky, V. Rosen, and L. Han, "Biomechanical Properties of Murine Meniscus Surface via AFM-Based Nanoindentation," Journal of Biomechanics,  48(8), p. 1364-1370, June 2015. 

22.          Nia, H.T., S.J. Gauci, M. Azadi, H.-H. Hung, E. Frank, A.J. Fosang, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, “High-Bandwidth AFM-based Rheology is a Sensitive Indicator of Early Cartilage Aggrecan Degradation Relevant to Mouse Models of Osteoarthritis,” Journal of Biomechanics, 48(1),  p. 162-165, 2015.

23.          Ortiz, C., M.C. Boyce, J. Song, and S.H. Reichert, "Articulating Protective System for Resisting Mechanical Loads,"  U.S. Patent 8,978, 535 March 17th, 2015.

24.          Oxman, N., C. Ortiz, F. Gramazio, and M. Kohler, "Material ecology," Computer-Aided Design  60, 1-2, 2015.

25.          Rudykh, S., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, "Flexibility and Protection by Design: Imbricated Hybrid Microstructures of Bio-inspired Armor," Soft Matter 11(13), p. 2547-2554, 2015.

26.          Varshney, S., J. Song, Y. Li, M.C. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, "Morphometric Structural Diversity of a Natural Armor Assembly Investigated by 2D Continuum Strain Analysis," Journal of Structural Biology, 192(3), p. 487-499, 2015.

27.          Duro-Royo, J., K. Zolotovsky, L. Mogas-Soldevila, S. Varshney, N. Oxman, M.C. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, “MetaMesh: A Hierarchical Computational Model for Design and Fabrication of Biomimetic Armored Surfaces,” Computer-Aided Design 60, p. 14-27, 2015.

28.          Arndt, E.M., "How Beetles Explode: New Insights into the Operation, Structure, and Materials of Bombardier Beetle (Brachinini) Defensive Glands," Thesis: Ph.D., Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015.

29.          Lee, B., L. Han, E.H. Frank, A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Dynamic Nanomechanics of Individual Bone Marrow Stromal Cells and Cell-Matrix Composites During Chondrogenic Differentiation,” Journal of biomechanics, 48(1), p. 171-175, 2015.

30.          Azadi, M., Tavakoli-Nia, H., Grodzinsky, A., and C. Ortiz, “Comparison of Nano and Micro scale Mechanics of Murine Articular Cartilage,” 36th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC’14), Nano-Biomechanics mini-symposium, August 26-30, 2014 Chicago, Illinois, USA. 2014.

31.          Nia, H.T., Gauci, S., Hung, H.-H., Azadi, N., Frank, E., Fosang, A., Ortiz, C. and A. Grodzinsky, High Bandwidth AFM-based Rheology is a Sensitive Differentiator of GAG-Depletion in Mouse Cartilage,"  The Annual Transactions of the 60th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, Louisiana, Vol. 39, Paper 1305, Poster Presentation, 2014.

32.          Batista, M.A., H.T. Nia, P. Önnerfjord, K.A. Cox, C. Ortiz, A.J. Grodzinsky, D. Heinegård, and L. Han, “Nanomechanical Phenotype of Chondroadherin-null Murine Articular Cartilage,” Matrix Biology 38, p. 84-90, 2014.

33.          Lin, E., Y. Li, C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “3D Printed, Bio-inspired Prototypes and Analytical Models for Structured Suture Interfaces with Geometrically-Tuned Deformation and Failure Behavior,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 73 (15), p. 166-182, 2014.

34.          Rojas, F.P., M.A. Batista, C.A. Lindburg, D. Dean, A.J. Grodzinsky, C. Ortiz, and L. Han, “Molecular Adhesion Between Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules,” Biomacromolecules 15(3), p. 772-780, 2014.

35.          Lin, E., Y. Li, J.C. Weaver, C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Tunability and Enhancement of Mechanical Behavior with Additively Manufactured Bio-inspired Hierarchical Suture Interfaces,” Journal of Materials Research 29(17), p. 1867-1875, 2014.

36.          Li, L. and C. Ortiz, “Pervasive Nanoscale Deformation Twinning as a Catalyst for Efficient Energy Dissipation in a Bioceramic Armour,” Nature Materials 13(5), p. 501-507, 2014.

37.          Yao, H. and C. Ortiz, "Protective Articles for Resisting Mechanical Loads and Related Methods," U.S. Patent 8,365,315 B2, February 5th, 2013.  

38.          Browning, A., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Mechanics of Composite Elasmoid Fish Scale Assemblies and their Bioinspired Analogues," Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 19, p. 75-86, 2013.

39.          Lee, H.-Y., L. Han, P.J. Roughley, A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Age-Related Nanostructural and Nanomechanical Changes of Individual Human Cartilage Aggrecan Monomers and Their Glycosaminoglycan Side Chains,” Journal of Structural Biology 181(3), p. 264-273, 2013.

40.          Rubin, D.J., H.T. Nia, T. Desire, P.Q. Nguyen, M. Gevelber, C. Ortiz, and N.S. Joshi, “Mechanical Reinforcement of Polymeric Fibers through Peptide Nanotube Incorporation,” Biomacromolecules 14(10), p. 3370-3375, 2013.

41.          Li, Y., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “A Generalized Mechanical Model for Suture Interfaces of Arbitrary Geometry,”  Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 61(4), p. 1144-1167, 2013.

42.          Nia, H.T., Han, L., Bozchalooi, I., Youcef-Toumi, K., Grodzinsky, A.J., and C. Ortiz, "Frequency Dependent Nanomechanical Behavior of Aggrecan Demonstrates that Aggrecan is the Dominant Constituent Responsible for the Frequency Dependence of Cartilage Poroelasticity,” The Annual Transactions of the 59th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Antonio, Texas, Vol. 38, Poster Presentation 0558, 2013.

43.          Araya, S., E. Zolotovsky, F. Veliz, J. Song, S. Reichert, M. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, "Bioinformed Performative Composite Structures: From Biological Micro-Structures to Material Composites and Articulated Assemblies."  eCAADe. 2013: Computation and Performance–Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Delft, The Netherlands, September 18-20, 2013. Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology; eCAADe (Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe), 2013.

45.          Batista, M., Nia, H.T., Cox, K., Grodzinsky, A. J., Ortiz, C., Heinegård, D., and L. Han, "Role of Chondroadherin in Nanoscale Tissue Assembly and Biomechanics of Murine Articular Cartilage,” The Annual Transactions of the 59th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Antonio, Texas, Vol, 38, Paper 0111, Podium Presentation, 2013.

46.          Li, L. and C. Ortiz, “Biological Design for Simultaneous Optical Transparency and Mechanical Robustness in the Shell of Placuna placenta,Advanced Materials 25(16), p. 2344-2350, 2013.

47.          Nia, H.T., Y. Li, Y. Wang, I. Soltani, S. Chubinskaya, K. Youcef-Toumi, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky, “Depth-Dependent Self-Stiffening, Energy Dissipation and Poroelastic Properties of Normal Human Cartilage via Broad-Spectrum Dynamic Nanoindentation," The Annual Transactions of the 59th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Antonio, Texas, Vol. 38, p. 0309, 2013, Podium Presentation.

48.          Nia, H.T., "Nanomechanics of Cartilage at the Matrix and Molecular Levels," Ph.D Thesis,  Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2013.

49.          Nia, H.T., I.S. Bozchalooi, K. Youcef-Toumi, C. Ortiz, A.J. Grodzinsky, and E. Frank, “High-Frequency Rheology System,” US Patent 8,516,610, August, 20th 2013.     

50.          Nia, H.T., I.S. Bozchalooi, Y. Li, L. Han, H.-H. Hung, E. Frank, K. Youcef-Toumi, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky, “High Bandwidth AFM-Based Rheology Reveals that Cartilage is Most Sensitive to High Loading Rates at Early Stages of Impairment,” Biophysical journal 104(7), p. 1529-1537, 2013.

51.          Batista, M., A. Grodzinsky, C. Ortiz, D. Heinegård, and L. Han, “Nanomechanics of Murine Articular Cartilage Reveals the Effects of Chondroadherin Knockouts,” Transactions of the 58th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 37, Paper No. 0013, 2012. (Podium Presentation). 

52.          Li, Y., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Bioinspired, Mechanical, Deterministic Fractal Model for Hierarchical Suture Joints,” Physical Review E 85, (3), p. 031901, 2012.

53.          Connors, M.J., H. Ehrlich, M. Hog, C. Godeffroy, S. Araya, I. Kallai, D. Gazit, M. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, “Three-Dimensional Structure of the Shell Plate Assembly of the Chiton Tonicella marmorea and its Biomechanical Consequences,” Journal of Structural Biology 177(2), p. 314-328, 2012.

54.          Wong, S.Y., L. Han, K. Timachova, J. Veselinovic, M.N. Hyder, C. Ortiz, A.M. Klibanov, and P.T. Hammond, “Drastically Lowered Protein Adsorption on Microbicidal Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Polyelectrolyte Multilayers,” Biomacromolecules 13(3), p. 719-726, 2012.

55.          Rojas, F.P., Lindburg, C. A., Dean, D., Grodzinsky, A. J., Ortiz, C., and L. Han, “Molecular Adhesion between Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Constituents,” Transactions of the 58th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, California, 37, Paper No. 0692, 2012.

56.          Nia, H.T., Soltani, I., Li, Y., Frank, E., Yousef-Toumi, K., Grodzinsky, A. J., and C. Ortiz, “The Effect of GAG Depletion on Cartilage Nanoscale Hydraulic Permeability,” Transactions of the 2012 Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 37, Paper No. 0282, 2012. (Podium Presentation). 

57.          Han, L., Pazin, D., Rosen, V., Batista, M., Ortiz, C., and A. J. Grodzinsky, "Biomechanical Properties of Murine Meniscus via Nanoindentation,”  Transactions of the 58th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 37, Paper No. 0770, 2012.

58.          Browning, A., "Mechanics and Design of Flexible Composite Fish Armor,"  M. S. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2012.  

59.          Zhang, Y., H. Yao, C. Ortiz, J. Xu, and M. Dao, “Bio-inspired Interfacial Strengthening Strategy Through Geometrically Interlocking Designs,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 15, p. 70-77, 2012.

60.          Zolotovsky, K., "BioConstructs–Methods for Bio-Inspired and Bio-Fabricated Design,” M. S. Thesis, Department of Architecture, Massachusetts of Technology, August 2012.

61.          Han, L., J. Yin, L. Wang, K.-K. Chia, R.E. Cohen, M.F. Rubner, C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Tunable Stimulus-Responsive Friction Mechanisms of Polyelectrolyte Films and Tube Forests,” Soft Matter 8, (33), p. 8642-8650, 2012.

62.          Wang, L., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Mechanics of Indentation into Micro- and Nanoscale Forests of Tubes, Rods or Pillars,” Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 133(1), 011014, 1-9, 2011.

63.          Song, J., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Threat-Protection Mechanics of an Armored Fish,”  Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials 4(5), p. 699-712, 2011.

64.          Tavakoli Nia, H., L. Han, Y. Li, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, “Poroelasticity is the Dominant Energy Dissipation Mechanism in Cartilage at the Nano-scale,” Transactions of the 57th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society Podium Presentation Spotlight Session, Long Beach, California, 36, Paper No. 0074, 2011.

65.          Tavakoli Nia, H., L. Han, Y. Li, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky, “Poroelasticity of Cartilage at the Nanoscale,” Biophysical Journal 10(9), 2304-2313, 2011.

66.          Han, L., E.H. Frank, J.J. Greene, H.-Y. Lee, H.-H.K. Hung, A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Time Dependent Nanomechanics of Cartilage,” Biophysical Journal 100(7),  p. 1846-1854, 2011.

67.          Han, L., A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, Nanomechanics of the Cartilage Extracellular Matrix: A Review,” Annual Review of Materials Research 41, p. 133-168, 2011. 

68.          Han, L., L. Wang, K.K. Chia, R.E. Cohen, M.F. Rubner, M.C. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, “Geometrically-Controlled Mechanically Responsive Polyelectrolyte Tube Arrays,” Advanced Materials 23(40),  p. 4667-4673, 2011. 

69.          Han, L., L. Wang, J. Song, M.C. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, “Direct Quantification of the Mechanical Anisotropy and Fracture of an Individual Exoskeleton Layer via Uniaxial Compression of Micropillars,” Nano letters 11(9),

p. 3868-3874, 2011.

70.          Rojas, F.P., Molecular Interactions between Collagen and Aggrecan from the Cartilage Extracellular Matrix," B.S. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2011.

71.          Liang, F., “Molecular Studies of Aggrecan: Experiments and Simulations,” M.S. Thesis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2011.

72.          Chen, T.-T., “Microstructure and Micromechanics of the Sea Urchin, Colobocentrotus Atratus, M. S. Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2011.

73.          Song, J., “Multiscale Materials Design of Natural Exoskeletons: Fish Armor,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2011.

74.          Li, Y., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Stiffness and Strength of Suture Joints in Nature,” Physical Review E 84,  062904, 2011.

75.          Yao, H., M. Dao, D. Carnelli, K. Tai, and C. Ortiz, “Size-Dependent Heterogeneity Benefits the Mechanical Performance of Bone,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 59(1), p. 64-74, 2011.

76.          Yao, H., M. Dao, T. Imholt, J. Huang, K. Wheeler, A. Bonilla, S. Suresh, and C. Ortiz, “Protection Mechanisms Informed by the Unique Iron-Plated Armor of a Deep Sea Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(3), 987-992, 2010. (Featured in: “Biomaterials: Super Snail Shells” Nature Research Highlights 463, 404, 2010.

77.          Cranford, S., H. Yao, C. Ortiz, and M.J. Buehler, “A Single Degree of Freedom “Lollipop” Model for Carbon Nanotube Bundle Formation,” Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids 58(3), 409-427, 2010.

78.          Lee, H.-Y., P.W. Kopesky, A. Plaas, J. Sandy, J. Kisiday, D. Frisbie, A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Adult Bone Marrow Stromal Cell-Based Tissue-Engineered Aggrecan Exhibits Ultrastructure and Nanomechanical Properties Superior to Native Cartilage,” Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 18(11), 1477-1486, 2010.

79.          Cheng, H., “Technology Assessment and Feasibility Study of High-Throughput Single Cell Force Spectroscopy,” Masters of Engineering Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 2010.

80.          Lai, C., “Potential Applications of the Natural Design of Internal Explosion Chambers in the Bombardier Beetle (Carabidae, Brachinus),” Masters of Engineering Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September, 2010.

81.          Song, J., S. Reichert, I. Kallai, D. Gazit, M. Wund, M.C. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, “Quantitative Microstructural Studies of the Armor of the Marine Threespine Stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), Journal of Structural Biology 171(3), 318-331, 2010.

82.          Kisiday, J.D., D.D. Frisbie, A. Plaas, P.W. Kopesky, S.B. Leeb, E.J. Vanderploeg, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, "Adult Equine Bone-Marrow Stromal Cells Produce a Cartilage-Like ECM Mechanically Superior to Animal-Matched Adult Chondrocytes, " Matrix Biology 29(5), 427-438, 2010.

83.          Cranford, S.W., C. Ortiz, and M.J. Buehler, “Mechanomutable Properties of a PAA/PAH Polyelectrolyte Complex: Rate Dependence and Ionization Effects on Tunable Adhesion Strength,” Soft Matter  6(17), 4175-4188, 2010.  

84.          Carnelli, D., D. Gastaldi, V. Sassi, R. Contro, C. Ortiz, and P. Vena, “A Finite Element Model for Direction Dependent Mechanical Response to Nanoindentation of Cortical Bone Allowing for Anisotropic Post-yield Behaviour of the Tissue,” Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 132(8), 081008, 1-10, 2010.

85.          Kopesky, P.W., Lee, H.-Y., Vanderploeg, E. J., Kisiday, J. D., Frisbie, D. D., Plaas, A. H. K., Ortiz, C., and A. J. Grodzinsky, "Adult Equine Bone-marrow Stromal Cells Produce a Cartilage-like ECM Mechanically Superior to Animal-Matched Adult Chondrocytes," Matrix Biology 29(5), 427-438, 2010.

86.          Carnelli, D., P. Vena, C. Ortiz, and R. Contro. “Orientation and Length-Scale Dependent Mechanical Properties in Lamellar Bone at the Micro and Nanostructural Hierarchical Levels,” Secondo Congresso Nazionale di Bioingegneria, Torino, Italy, 2010.

87.          Lee, H.-Y., Sandy, J., Plaas, A., Ortiz, C., and A. Grodzinsky, “Ultrastructure of Reconstituted Cartilage Proteoglycan Aggregates Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy,” Transactions of the 56th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, 35, Paper no. 0872, 2010.

88.          Lee, B., L. Han, E.H. Frank, S. Chubinskaya, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, “Dynamic Mechanical Properties of the Tissue-Engineered Matrix Associated with Individual Chondrocytes,” Journal of Biomechanics 43(3),  469-476, 2010.

89.          Liang, F., Grodzinsky, A., Roughley, P., and C. Ortiz, “Ultrastructure of Individual Aggrecan Molecules from Human Intervertebral Disc,” Transactions of the 56th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA, 35, Paper no. 1414, 2010.

90.          Carnelli, D., H. Yao, M. Dao, P. Vena, R. Contro, and C. Ortiz. “Mechanical Anisotropy of Individual Osteons in Bone Tissue at High Spatial Resolutions,” Proceedings of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Summer Bioengineering Conference (SBC2009), Squaw Creek, Lake Tahoe, CA, June 17-21, 2009.

91.          Wang, L., S. Juha, C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Anisotropic Design of a Multilayered Biological Exoskeleton,” Journal of Materials Research 24(12), 3477-3494, 2009.

92.          Schmidt, D.J., F.C. Cebeci, Z.I. Kalcioglu, S.G. Wyman, C. Ortiz, K.J. Van Vliet, and P.T. Hammond, “Electrochemically Controlled Swelling and Mechanical Properties of a Polymer Nanocomposite,” ACS Nano 3(8), 2207-2216, 2009.

93.          Lee, H.-Y., Roughley, P. J., Grodzinsky, A. J., and C. Ortiz, Variations in Single Molecule Human Aggrecan Molecular Structure and Conformation after Removal of Chondroitin Sulfate and Keratan Sulfate,  Transactions of the 55th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, NV, 34, Paper no. 1042, 2009.

94.          Lee, B., Hung, H.-H., Kopesky, P. W., Vanderploeg, E. J., Kurz, B., Frank, E., Grodzinsky, A. J., and C. Ortiz, "Mechanical Properties of Stem Cells and their PCM During Chondrogenesis in 3D-Gel Culture,” Transactions of the 55th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, NV, 34, Paper no. 0300, 2009.

95.          Han, L., Plaas, A. H. K., Sandy, J. D., Frank, E. H., Hung, H. K., Anemaet, W. K., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky, “Nanomechanics of Murine Knee Joints Reveals Effects of Maturation and Inflammation, Transactions of the 55th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, NV, 34, Paper no. 0324, 2009.

96.          Lee, H., P. Kopesky, A. Plaas, M. Diaz, J. Sandy, D. Frisbie, J. Kisiday, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky, “Adult Equine MSCs Synthesize Aggrecan having Nanomechanical Compressibility and Biochemical Composition Characteristic of Young Growth Cartilage,” Podium Presentation, Transactions of the 55th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, Las Vegas, NV, 34, Paper no. 0172, 2009.

97.          Lee, H.-Y., P. Kopesky, L. Daher, A. Mosquera, D. Frisbie, J. Kisiday, A. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz. “Morphology of Aggrecan Produced by Adult Equine Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Chondrocytes in Selfassembling Peptide Hydrogels,” Transactions of the 54th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 33, Paper no. 0553, Submitted to the Orthopaedic Research Society Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 2008. 

98.          Han, L., J.J. Greene, E.H. Frank, H.-H.K. Hung, A. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, Effect of Length Scale on Frequency-Dependent Cartilage Oscillatory Nanomechanics,” Transactions of the 54th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 33, Paper no. 0448, 2008. 

Selected as a finalist for the Orthopaedic Research Society’s New Investigator Recognition Awards (NIRA).

99.          Tai, K., G. Pelled, D. Sheyn, A. Bershteyn, L. Han, I. Kallai, Y. Zilberman, C. Ortiz, and D. Gazit, “Nanobiomechanics of Repair Bone Regenerated by Genetically Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells,” Tissue Engineering: Part A, 14(10), p. 1709-1720, 2008.

100.       Han, L., D. Dean, L.A. Daher, A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Cartilage Aggrecan Can Undergo Self-Adhesion,” Biophysical Journal, 95(10), p. 4862-4870, 2008.

101.       Choi, J.H., “Nanomechanical Properties of Hydrated Organic Thin Films,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2008.

102.       Ye, M., “Molecular Design and Nanomechanical Testing of Biomimetic Stimulus-Responsive Macromolecular Architectures,” Ph D. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, January 2008.

103.       Arslan, M., M. Boyce, H.J. Qi, and C. Ortiz, “Constitutive Modeling of the Stress-Stretch Behavior of Two-Dimensional Triangulated Macromolecular Networks Containing Folded Domains,” Journal of Applied Mechanics, 75(1), 0110220, 1-7, 2008.

104.       Lee, H.-Y., L. Han, L. Daher, R. Bonaparte, P.J. Roughley, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky, “Age-Related Changes in Human Aggrecan Molecular Structure and its Nanomechanical Properties,” Transactions of the 54th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 33, Paper no. 0064, 2008.

105.       Wheeler, K., The Brittle-Compliant Junction and Fracture of the Shell from a Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Gastropod,”  Bachelor’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2008.

106.       Ortiz, C. and M.C. Boyce, “Bioinspired Structural Materials,” Science, 319(5866), p. 1053-1054, 2008.

107.       Bruet, B.J., J. Song, M.C. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, “Materials Design Principles of Ancient Fish Armor,” Nature materials, 7(9), p. 748-756, 2008. (Cover of Issue)  (Featured in: K.D. Jandt, “Fishing for Compliance,” Nature Materials, 7(9), 692-693, 2008).

108.       Lee, B., L. Han, E. Frank, S. Chubinskaya, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky. “Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Growth Factor-stimulated Chondrocytes After 3D-Gel Culture,” Transactions of the 54th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 33, Paper no. 0151, 2008. 

109.       Bruet, B.J.F., “Multiscale Structural and Mechanical Design of Mineralized Biocomposites,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,  January 2008.

110.       Han, L., J. Greene, E. Frank, H. Hung, A. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Nanostructure and TimeDependent Nanomechanics of Bovine Cartilage and Its Type II Collagen Network,” Transactions of the 53rd Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, 32, Paper no 0099, 2007.

111.       Ng, L., H.-H. Hung, A. Sprunt, S. Chubinskaya, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky, “Nanomechanical Properties of Individual Chondrocytes and Their Developing Growth Factor-Stimulated Pericellular Matrix,” Journal of biomechanics, 40(5), p. 1011-1023, 2007.

112.       Pelled, G., K. Tai, D. Sheyn, Y. Zilberman, S. Kumbar, L.S. Nair, C.T. Laurencin, D. Gazit, and C. Ortiz, “Structural and Nanoindentation Studies of Stem Cell-based Tissue Engineered Bone,” Journal of Biomechanics,  40(2), p. 399-411, 2007.

113.       Tai, K., M. Dao, S. Suresh, A. Palazoglu, and C. Ortiz, “Nanoscale Heterogeneity Promotes Energy Dissipation in Bone,” Nature materials, 6(6), p. 454-462, 2007.

114.       Ulm, F.J., M. Vandamme, C. Bobko, J. Alberto Ortega, K. Tai, and C. Ortiz, “Statistical Indentation Techniques for Hydrated Nanocomposites: Concrete, Bone and Shale,” Invited review article, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 90(9),  p. 2677-2692, 2007.

115.       Han, L., “Nanomechanics of Cartilage Extracellular Matrix Macromolecules,” Ph D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,  Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 2007.

116.       Han, L., D. Dean, P. Mao, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, “Nanoscale Shear Deformation Mechanisms of Opposing Cartilage Aggrecan Macromolecules,” Biophysical journal, 93(5), p. L23-L25, 2007.

117.       Tai, K., "’Nanomechanics and Ultrastructural Studies of Cortical Bone: Fundamental Insights Regarding Structure-Function, Mineral-organic Force Mechanics Interactions, and Heterogeneity,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, March 2007.

118.       Lee, B., Han, L., Frank, E., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky,,Temporal Evolution of Viscoelastic Properties of Individual Cartilage Chondrocytes and Their Pericellular Matrix In Vitro,” Transactions of the 53rd Orthopaedic Research Society San Diego, CA, 32, Paper no. 0149, 2007.

119.       Han, L., D. Dean, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, “Lateral Nanomechanics of Cartilage Aggrecan Macromolecules,” Biophysical Journal, 92(4), p. 1384-1398, 2007.

120.       Tai, K., Dao, M., Suresh, S., and C. Ortiz, ,Nanomechanical Heterogeneity As A Toughening Mechanism In Bone,”  Transactions of the 53rd Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, 32, Paper no. 1358, 2007.

121.       Tai, K., Ulm, F. and C. Ortiz, , "Cohesive-Frictional Plasticity Arising From The Nanogranular Nature in Bone,”  Transactions of the 53rd Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, 32, Paper no. 0314, 2007.

122.       Tai, K., Pelled, G., Bershteyn, A., Sheyn, D., Kallai, I., Zilberman, Y., Ortiz, C. and D. Gazit, , "Nanobiomechanical Analyisis of Stem Cell-Based Non-Union Fracture Repair, Transactions of the 53rd Orthopaedic Research Society, San Diego, CA, 32, Paper no. 0128, 2007.

123.       Ye, M., D. Zhang, L. Han, J. Tejada, and C. Ortiz, "Synthesis, Preparation, and Conformation of Stimulus-Responsive End-Grafted Polymer Layers of Poly(methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol)" Polymer Preprints  (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) 46 (2), p. 120-121, Washington, DC, 2005.

124.       Ng, L.J., Chubinskaya, S., Grodzinsky, A. J., and C. Ortiz,, Nanomechanical Properties of Individual Chondrocytes and Their Developing Pericellular Matrix: Effect of IGF-1 and OP-1,”. Transactions of the 52nd Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL, 31, Paper no. 0391, 2006.

125.       Villareal, J.E., "Mapping of Elastic Modulus and Hardness in Trochus Niloticus Seashell Nacre by Nanoindentation," Bachelor's Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,  Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2006.

126.       Kearney, C., Z. Zhao, B. Bruet, R. Radovitzky, M. Boyce, and C. Ortiz, "Nanoscale Anisotropic Plastic Deformation in Single Crystal Aragonite," Physical review letters, 96(25), p. 255505,

1-4, 2006.

127.       Han, L., Dean, D., Daher, L. A., Grodzinsky, A. J., and C. Ortiz,Shear Nanomechanics of Opposing Cartilage Aggrecan via Lateral Force Microscopy, Transactions of the 52nd Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL, 31, Paper no. 1011, 2006.

129.       Jerry Qi, H., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, “Mechanics of Biomacromolecular Networks Containing Folded Domains,” Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 128(4), 509-518, 2006.

130.       Oyen, M.L., A.J. Bushby, A. Mann, and C. Ortiz, “Mechanics of Biological and Biomimetic Materials at Small Length Scales,” Journal of Materials Research, 21(8), p. 1869-1870, 2006.

131.       Qi, H., B. Bruet, J. Palmer, C. Ortiz, and M. Boyce, "Micromechanics and Macromechanics of the Tensile Deformation of Nacre, in Mechanics of Biological Tissue,"  Mechanics of Biological Tissue, Springer Link. p. 189-203, 2006.

132.       Dean, D., L. Han, A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Compressive Nanomechanics of Opposing Aggrecan Macromolecules,” Journal of biomechanics, 39(14), p. 2555-2565, 2006.

133.       Negussie, H., "Molecular Origins of the Protein Resistance of Oligo(ethylene oxide) SelfAssembling Monolayers,"  Bachelor's Thesis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, May 2006.

134.       Vandiver, J., D. Dean, N. Patel, C. Botelho, S. Best, J.D. Santos, M.A. Lopes, W. Bonfield, and C. Ortiz, “Silicon Addition to Hydroxyapatite Increases Nanoscale Electrostatic, Van der Waals, and Adhesive Interactions,”  Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, The Japanese Society for Biomaterials, and The Australian Society for Biomaterials and the Korean Society for Biomaterials, 78(2), p. 352-363, 2006.

135.       Han, L., Dean, D., Daher, L. A.., Grodzinsky, A. J., and C. Ortiz, , Biomolecular Adhesive Interactions between Cartilage Aggrecan Macromolecules, Transactions of the 52nd Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL, 31, Paper no. 0361, 2006.

136.       Dean, D., Han, L., Daher, L., Plaas, A. H. K., Grodzinsky, A. J., and C. Ortiz,, "Nanomechanical Properties of Aggrecan from Bovine Fetal Epiphyseal and Mature Nasal Cartilage, Transactions of the 52nd Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL, 31, Paper no. 1012, 2006.

137.       Tai, K., F.-J. Ulm, and C. Ortiz, "Nanogranular origins of the strength of bone," Nano letters,  6(11), p. 2520-2525, 2006. (Featured in: J. Thomas, “Biomaterials: Close to the Bone,” Nature Nanotechnology News and Views 1(2), 99, 2006.  Commentary in: D. Fyhrie, “Rocks in a Bag,” Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 14(4), 257,  2007).

138.       Tai, K.a.C.O., "Positionally Specific Nanoindentation of Adult Bovine Tibial Cortical Bone of Varying Mineral Contents at the Length Scale of Individual Collagen Fibrils, Transactions of the 52nd Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL, 31, Paper no. 1773, 2006.

139.       Tai, K., Pelled, G., Sheyn, D., Zilberman, Y., Gazit, D. and C. Ortiz,, Nanomechanics of Stem-Cell Based Tissue Engineered Bone,Transactions of the 52nd Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL, 31, Paper no. 0103, 2006.

140.       Tai, K. and C. Ortiz, Nanoscale Intermolecular Forces of Bovine Tibial Cortical Bone of Varying Mineral Content, Transactions of the 52nd Orthopaedic Research Society, Chicago, IL, 31, Paper no. 1585, 2006.

141.       Vandiver, J., "Molecular Origins of Bioactivity in Synthetic Hydroxyapatite-Based Bone Impant Materials,Master’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2006.

142.       Kearney, C., "Anisotropic Nanoscale Plasticity of Aragonite," Master's Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2006.

143.       Zhang, D., C. Macias, and C. Ortiz, “Synthesis and Solubility of (Mono)End-Functionalized Poly(2hydroxyethyl methacrylate-g-ethylene glycol) Graft Copolymers with Varying Macromolecular Architecture,” Macromolecules, 38(6), p. 2530-2534, 2005.

144.       Zhang, D. and C. Ortiz, “Single Macromolecule Nanomechanical Design: Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-g-ethylene glycol) Graft Copolymers of Varying Architecture,” Macromolecules, 38(6), p. 2535-2539, 2005.

145.       Tai, K., H.J. Qi, and C. Ortiz, “Effect of Mineral Content on the Nanoindentation Properties and Nanoscale Deformation Mechanisms of Bovine Tibial Cortical Bone,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 16(10), p. 947-959, 2005.

146.       Ngai, S., Domike, R., Sio, R., Ortiz, C. and C. Cooney,, Multi-Scale Analysis of Pharmaceutical Powder – Linking Microscopic Interparticle Interaction to Macroscopic Blending Performance,” Conference Proceedings of the 7th World Congress of Chemical Engineering, Glasgow, Scotland, July 10-14, 2005.

147.       Ng, L., Bathe, M., Ortiz, C., Tidor, B. and A. J. Grodzinsky, , Aggrecan Conformation Depends on GAG-GAG Interactions: The Effects of Aggrecan Concentration, GAG Molecular Weight, And Bath Ionic Strength,” Transactions of the 51st Orthopaedic Research Society, Washington DC, 30, Paper no. 0047, 2005.

148.       Ng, L., Grodzinsky, A. J. and C. Ortiz, , Visualization and Nanomechanical Properties of Individual Chondrocytes with an Increasingly Thick Pericellular Matrix, Transactions of the 51st Orthopaedic Research Society, Washington DC, 30, Paper no. 0182, 2005.

149.       Han, L., Dean, D., Plaas, A. H. K., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky,, "Lateral Deformability and Nanomechancial Behavior of Cartilage Aggrecan via Lateral Force Microscopy Imaging and Micro-Contact Printing,  Transactions of the 51st Orthopaedic Research Society, Washington DC, 30, Paper no. 0179, 2005.

150.       Dean, D., Han, L., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky,Aggrecan-Aggrecan Interaction Forces Assessed via High Resolution Force Spectroscopy of End-Grafted Macromolecules Compressed between a Planar Substrate and Probe Tip,”  Transactions of the 51st Orthopaedic Research Society, Washington DC, 30, Paper no. 0050, 2005.

151.       Ye, M., Zhang, D., Han, L. and C. Ortiz,, “Synthesis, Preparation, and Conformation of Stimulus Responsive End-Grafted Polymer Layers of Poly(methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol),” Soft Matter 2(3), 243-256, 2005.

152.       Ng, L., "Structure, Conformation, and Self-Assembly of Cartilage Polyelectrolyte Macromolecules Studied via Atomic Force Microscopy," Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 2005.

153.       Qi, H.J., C. Ortiz, and M.C. Boyce, "Protein Forced Unfolding and its Effects on the Finite Deformation Stress-Strain Behavior of Biomacromolecular Solids," Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings (Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials), San Francisco, CA, 874(1): p. 15-20, 2005.

154.       Seog, J., D. Dean, B. Rolauffs, T. Wu, J. Genzer, A.H. Plaas, A.J. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, "Nanomechanics of Opposing Glycosaminoglycan Macromolecules," Journal of Biomechanics, 38(9), p. 1789-1797, 2005.

155.       Dean, D., L. Han, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, "Nanoscale Conformation and Compressibility of Cartilage Aaggrecan using Microcontact Printing and Atomic Force Microscopy," Macromolecules, 38(10), p. 4047-4049, 2005.

156.       Ng, S., "Molecular Origins of Nanomechanical Properties of Supported Lipid Blayers," Bachelor’s Thesis, in Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2005.

157.       Vandiver, J., N. Patel, W. Bonfield, and C. Ortiz. "Nanoscale Morphology of Apatite Precipitated onto Synthetic Hydroxyapatite from Simulated Body Fluid," in Key Engineering Materials 284-286, 497-500, 2005.

158.       Dean, D.M.D., "Modeling and Measurement of Intermolecular Interaction Forces between Cartilage ECM Macromolecules," Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2005.

159.       Bruet, B., H. Qi, M. Boyce, R. Panas, K. Tai, L. Frick, and C. Ortiz, "Nanoscale Morphology and Indentation of Individual Nacre Tablets from the Gastropod Mollusc Trochus Niloticus," Journal of Materials Research, 20(9), p. 2400-2419, 2005.

160.       Arslan, M., M.C. Boyce, H.J. Qi, and C. Ortiz, “Constitutive Modeling of the Stress-Stretch Behavior of Biological Membranes Containing Folded Domains,” Fall Materials Research Society Symposium L (Structure and Mechanical Behavior of Biological Materials), Boston, MA, MRS Online Proceedings Library, 898(1), p. 1-7, 2005.

161.       Vandiver, J., D. Dean, N. Patel, W. Bonfield, and C. Ortiz, "Nanoscale Variation in Surface Charge of Synthetic Hydroxyapatite Detected by Chemically and Spatially Specific High-Resolution Force Spectroscopy," Biomaterials, 26(3), p. 271-283, 2005.

162.       Qi, H.J., Bruet, B. F. J., Palmer, J. S., Ortiz, C. and M. C. Boyce, , Micromechanics and Macromechanics of the Tensile Deformation of Nacre, Chapter in Mechanics of Biological Tissues, edited by G. Holzapfel, R.W. Ogden; Springer Verlag, 175, 2005.

163.       Ng, L., A.J. Grodzinsky, J. Sandy, A. Plaas, and C. Ortiz. "Persistence Length of Cartilage Aggrecan Macromolecules Measured via Atomic Force Microscopy," Macromolecular Symposia, 214, 1-4, 2004.

164.       Dean, D., L. Ng, J. Seog, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky,  Measurement of Nanomechanical and Electrical Interaction Force within Intact Aggrecan Molecules using High Resolution Force Spectroscopy,”  Transactions of the 50th Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 29, Paper no. 0335, 2004.

165.       Brodie, K., Visualization, Characterization, and the Consequences of Plasticizer on the Surface of Poly(vinyl chloride)," Master’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,  Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September, 2004.

166.       Seog, J., D.M. Dean, E.H. Frank, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, “Preparation of End-Grafted Polyelectrolytes on Nanoscale Probe Tips Using an Electric Field,” Macromolecules, 37(3), p. 1156-1158, 2004.

167.       Zhang, D. and C. Ortiz, "Synthesis and Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Graft Copolymers of Poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-g-ethylene glycol)," Macromolecules, 37(11), p. 4271-4282, 2004.

168.       Ferreira, M., “Technological Properties of Latex and Natural Rubber of Hevea brasiliensis Clones,” Ph.D. Thesis, International Visiting Graduate Student (Embrapa Instrumentação Agropecuária, Brazil) for one year at MIT, 2004.

169.       Rixman, M.A., “Investigating the Molecular Origins of Biocompatibility: Intermolecular Interactions between Human Serum Albumin and Various Chemically Modified Surfaces via High Resolution Force Spectroscopy,”  Ph D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February 2004.

170.       Bruet, B.J.F., "Multiscale Mechanical Study of Nacre from Gastropod Mollusk Trochus Nilocitus," Master’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004.

171.       Macias, C.E., "Nanoscale Properties of poly (ethylene terephthalate) Vascular Grafts," Bachelor’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering,2004, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2004.

172.       Rixman, M., Macias, C. and C. Ortiz, , Effect of Solution Conditions on The Nanoscale Interaction Between Human Serum Albumin and Poly(ethylene oxide)," Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) 45(1), 70-71, Anaheim, CA, 2004.

173.       C. Ortiz, “Challenges for Nanomechanics of Biological Systems,  Workshop Proceedings NNI Interagency Workshop: Instrumentation and Metrology for Nanotechnology Grand Challenge Workshop, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD Jan 27-29, 2004.

174.       Ng, L.J., Patwari, P., Sandy, J. S., Plaas, A., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky,, Aggrecan Conformation, Persistence Length, and Stiffness Depend on The Nanomolecular Properties of its Constituent GAG Chain,”. Transactions of the 50th Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 29, Paper no. 0051, 2004.

175.       Tai, K.a.C.O., Ultrastructural and Nanomechanical Properties of Bovine Cortical Bone,

Transactions of the 50th Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 29, Paper no. 0496, 2004.

176.       Rixman, M., D. Dean, C. Macias, and C. Ortiz, “Nanoscale Intermolecular Interactions Between Human Serum Albumin and Alkanethiol Self-Assembled Monolayers,” Langmuir, 19(15), p. 6202-6218, 2003.

177.       Dean, D., J. Seog, C. Ortiz, and A.J. Grodzinsky, “Molecular Level Theoretical Model for Electrostatic Interactions within Polyelectrolyte Brushes: Applications to Charged Glycosaminoglycans,” Langmuir, 19(13), p. 5526-5539, 2003.

178.       Ng, L., K. Tai, A. Plaas, A. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Ultrastructure and Nanomechanics of Biological Tissues: Cartilage and Bone,” American Chemical Society Division of Polymeric Materials: Science and Engineering, Polymer Preprints 88, 526-527, 2003.

179.       Ng, L., A.J. Grodzinsky, P. Patwari, J. Sandy, A. Plaas, and C. Ortiz, “Individual Cartilage Aggrecan Macromolecules and Their Constituent Glycosaminoglycans Visualized via Atomic Force Microscopy,”  Journal of Structural Biology, 143(3), p. 242-257, 2003.

180.       Rixman, M., D. Dean, and C. Ortiz, “Nanoscale Intermolecular Interactions between Human Serum Albumin and Low Grafting Density Surfaces of Poly(ethylene oxide),” Langmuir,  19(22),  p. 9357-9372, 2003.

181.       Brodie, K. and C. Ortiz, Studies of Poly(vinyl chloride)-Based Endotracheal Tubes from the Nano- to Macroscopic Scale,” Bachelor’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 2003.

182.       Seog, J., “Molecular Mechanics of Cartilage: Quantification of Glycosaminoglycan Electrostatic Interactions via High-Resolution Force Spectroscopy,” Ph.D. Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2003.

183.       Wilkinson, D.A., "Regulation of Single Integrin-laminin Bond Force by Divalent Cations," Bachelor’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2003.

184.       Heersink, S., Molecular Unfolding Patterns Exhibited by the Laminin G4-5 Dystroglycan Binding Domain,” Bachelor’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2003,

185.       Ng, L., Plaas, A., Ortiz, C. and A. J. Grodzinsky, , "AFM Imaging of the Conformation And Interactions of Aggrecan, Hyaluronan, and Their Constituents,” Transactions of the 49th Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA Feb 2-4, 28, Paper no. 0569, 2003.

186.       Dean, D., J. Seog, C. Ortiz, and A. Grodzinsky, “Nanomechanical Modeling of Electrostatic Forces Between Glycosaminoglycan Molecules,” Transactions of the 48th Orthopaedic Research Society, Dallas, TX, Feb 10-13, 27, Paper no. 0080, 2002.

187.       Jiang, X., C. Ortiz, and P.T. Hammond, “Exploring the Rules for Selective Deposition: Interactions Between Model Polyamines on Acid and Oligoethylene oxide Surfaces,”  Langmuir, 18(4), p. 1131-1143, 2002.

188.       Ng, L., A. Plaas, A. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Structure, Conformation, and Self-Assembly of Cartilage Polyelectrolyte Macromolecules Studied via Atomic Force Microscopy,” Polymer Preprints (American Chemical Society, Division of Polymer Chemistry) 43(2), 388-389, Boston, MA, 2002.

189.       Robbins, E.M., “Design and Nanomechanical Testing of Molecular Springs using Biomimetic Modular Macromolecular Architectures," Bachelor’s Thesis, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2002.

190.       Seog, J., E. Frank, D. Dean, S. Wong-Palms, A. Plaas, A. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz. “Measurement of GAG-GAG Nano-Electromechanical Interactions Using High Resolution Force Spectroscopy,” Transactions of the 48th Orthopaedic Research Society, Dallas, TX, Feb 10-13 2002, 27, Paper no. 0060, 2002.

191.       Bras, R., A. Upadhyaya, A. Van Oudenaarden, and C. Ortiz, "Imaging of the World's Fastest Biological Spring, Vorticella Convallaria Via Atomic Force Micoscopy," Bachelor's Thesis,  Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2002..

192.       Seog, J., D. Dean, A. Plaas, S. Wong-Palms, A. Grodzinsky, and C. Ortiz, “Direct Measurement of Glycosaminoglycan Intermolecular Interactions via High-Resolution Force Spectroscopy,” Macromolecules 35(14), p. 5601-5615, 2002.

193.       Seog, J., Dean, D., Plaas, A., Wong-Palms, S., Lee, I., Laibinis, P., Grodzinsky, A. J. and C. Ortiz,, Cartilage Molecular Mechanics: Detection of GAG Electrostatic Interactions By High-Resolution Force Spectroscopy,” Transactions of the 47th Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA, 26, Paper no. 0055, Feb 25-28, 2001.

194.       Ortiz, C. and G. Hadziioannou, Force-Displacement Properties of Single Polymer Chains, (Review Article) Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology (EMSAT), 2001.

195.       Ortiz, C., L. Belenky, C. Ober, and E. Kramer, “Microdeformation of a Polydomain, Smectic Liquid Crystalline Thermoset,” Journal of Materials Science, 35(8), p. 2079-2086, 2000. 

196.       Ortiz, C. and G. Hadziioannou, “Entropic Elasticity of Single Polymer Chains of Poly(methacrylic acid) Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy,” Macromolecules, 32(3), p. 780-787, 1999.

197.       Ortiz, C., R. Kim, E. Rodighiero, C. Ober, and E. Kramer, “Deformation of a Polydomain, Liquid Crystalline Epoxy-Based Thermoset,” Macromolecules, 31(13), p. 4074-4088, 1998.

198.       Ortiz, C., C. Ober, and E. Kramer, “Stress Relaxation of a Main-Chain, Smectic, Polydomain Liquid Crystalline Elastomer,” Polymer,  39(16), p. 3713-3718, 1998.

199.       Ortiz, C., M. Wagner, N. Bhargava, C. Ober, and E. Kramer, “Deformation of a Polydomain, Smectic Liquid Crystalline Elastomer,” Macromolecules, 31(24), p. 8531-8539, 1998.

200.       Ortiz, C., Kim, R., Rodiguiero, E., Ober, C. K., and E. J. Kramer, , Fracture of a Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Based Thermoset,” Proceedings of the Deformation, Fracture and Rheology of Polymers Conference, Cambridge, UK, 1997.