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# of copies
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Title
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| 2008 |
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RUNNING IN PLACE: RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARDS AND CLIMATE CHANGE by Michael T. Hogan
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| 2004 |
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ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE DAIRY GATEWAY AND GREEN TIER
by David Laws and Matthew Amengual
REFRAMING REGULATION: CHANGING FORMS OF LAW AND PRACTICE IN U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
by David Laws and Ian Finlayson
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| 2001 |
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Public Entrepreneurship Networks
by David Laws, Lawrence Susskind, James Abrams, Jonna Anderson,
Genette Chapman, Emily Rubenstein, Jaisel Vadagama.
Public Entrepreneurship Networks are complex inter-organisational
networks in which public, private and civic actors jointly promote
innovation, meet regulatory goals and bring environmentally friendly
technologies into broader social use. These Networks respond to
shortfalls in existing forms of regulation and constitute a new
form of governance, characterized by interaction, shared responsibility
and a capacity for learning and development. Click
here to view the Table of Contents and Introduction to this
work in PDF format.
ETP01-01 Price: $3.00
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| 1999 |
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Creating Incentives for Environmentally
Enhancing Technological Change: Lessons from 30 Years of U.S. Energy
Technology Policy by Vicki Norberg-Bohm
Due to the externalities associated with energy production
and consumption, public policy is necessary to provide a stimulus
for the development and diffusion of more environmentally sound
energy technologies. Based on an in depth history of technological
development for four electric power technologies, this paper draws
lessons for the design of future policies to promote innovation
in energy technologies. The technologies examined are: wind turbines,
photovoltaics, gas turbines, and atmospheric fluidized bed coal.
The analysis considers both supply-push and demand-pull approaches
for stimulating technological change. It concludes that a key
dilemma in government activities to promote environmentally enhancing
technological development is the ability to effectively coordinate
the use of supply-push and demand-pull policies during the period
spanning pre-commercialization, first commercial use and lead
adoption.
ETP99-01 Price: $3.00
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Seeking Operational Flexibility and
Pollution Prevention Under Title V of the Clean Air Act: EPA's
P4 Program by Michael Crow, Amy Pfeiffer, and Lawrence
Susskind
This paper features case studies of three companies
that have participated in the EPA's P4 program, a new program
intended to support operational flexibility while still encouraging
pollution prevention. The success of P4 is analyzed by looking
at the firms' previous performance under P2 (pollution prevention)
programs, their pursuit of innnovative practices to reduce stationary
sources of air pollution, and flexibility of the regulatory and
administrative requirements. The analysis relies on interviews
with representatives of the Agency, private companies, permitting
authorities, and facilitators. The paper concludes that firms
already engaged innovatively under P2 are advantaged by regulatory
streamlining of P4, but additional steps, such as mandating P2
provisions for the states to prevent interstate competition, are
necessary to achieve the objectives of EPA's P4.
Order #: ETP99-02 Price: $3.00
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Production and Organizational Learning:
Towards A New Orientation for Environmental Policy
by Steven M. Lanou and David Laws
This paper investigates the efficacy of orienting environmental
policy to promote organizational development and long-term competence
in industrial environmental management. Through an investigation
of the Massachusetts Toxics Use Reduction Act (TURA) as an alternative
policy approach, the paper explores the effects of policy on promoting
organizational learning in the Massachusetts printed wiring board
industry. Findings suggest that environmental policy can effectively
influence environmental management practices within firms to advance
policy objectives. Through applying a mix of policy instruments,
including command and control, market, and voluntary mechanisms,
TURA was able to alter firms' learning systems to promote sustained
organizational learning and development. The paper concludes with
suggestions for amplifying policies' influence on promoting organizational
learning. For existing policies such as TURA to remain effective,
it is imperative that they also engage in processes which promote
innovation and learning. To expand learning opportunities within
firms, policy approaches should encourage the adoption of firm-wide
environmental management systems.
Order #: ETP99-03 Price: $3.00
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Policies to Implement Renewable Energy
Technologies within Electricity Restructuring: Analysis of the
System Benefits Charge by Karlynn S. Cory and Vicki
Norberg-Bohm forthcoming
Electric industry restructuring in the United States
is changing the way renewable energy technologies are supported.
This paper examines how the system benefits charge (SBC), effectively
an electricity consumption tax, can help financially support renewable
electricity technologies until they become cost-competitive on
their own. Using wind turbine projects in Massachusetts as an
example, both investment and production incentives are considered.
The paper concludes that the Massachusetts SBC will provide substantial
funds for renewable energy project development and could be used
to significantly increase the wind capacity that exists in the
world. The paper also concludes that non-fiscal programs, like
wind resource characterization, should decrease the size of incentive
required and therefore increase the amount of renewables purchased
by financial subsidy programs.
Order #: ETP99-04 Price: $3.00
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The Changing Ecological Arena: The Evolution
of Dutch Environmental Policy from 1970 - 2000 (and Beyond)
by Gerard Keijzers forthcoming
Order #: ETP99-05 Price: $3.00
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| 1998 |
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Mechanisms for Clean Energy Development:
Determinants of Success in North-South Energy Efficiency Programs
in Mexico by Vicki Norberg-Bohm and Judy Harper
This paper analyzes recent experience with financial
and technology transfer projects aimed at promoting energy efficiency
in Mexico. The paper draws conclusions about the factors leading
to effective technology transfer programs and examines the implications
of the conclusions for the design of CDM.
Order #: ETP98-01 Price: $3.00
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Leveling Uncertainty: The Case of Union
Carbide and USEPA's New Chemicals Program by Amy Pfeiffer
and Lawrence Susskind
Union Carbide Corporation is the first company to enter
into a voluntary memorandum of understanding with EPA under the
New Chemicals Program. This paper explores these government-industry
partnerships and the use of informal rather than formal regulatory
procedures in the chemicals industry. It examines the advantages
to government of allowing industry to act voluntarily, and the
reaction to this flexible process by environmental and community
groups.
Order #: ETP98-02 Price: $3.00
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Public Policy and Energy Technology
Innovation: Lessons Learned from the Development of Coal Combustion
in Fluidized Bed in the U.S. by Santiago Banales and
Vicki Norberg-Bohm
This paper analyses the role of public policy in the
development of fluidized bed combustion in the United States.
The paper describes the technical evolution and the commercial
development of the technology and the public policies implemented
since 1965. After the description of the technology and the policies,
the paper analyzes the public role in the development of fluidized
bed, concluding that the appropriate combination of supply-push
and demand-pull policies were the key of the relative success
of fluidized bed in the non-utility sector. Taking into account
the lessons learned from the development of fluidized bed, the
paper suggests policy recommendations for the development of new
generations of clean coal technologies.
Order #: ETP98-03 Price: $3.00
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Photovoltaics in the Developing World:
Examining the Market and Policies to Expand the Market by
Annika Lundgren and Vicki Norberg-Bohm forthcoming
International funder organizations are expressing a
renewed interest in designing electrification projects for developing
countries that utilize renewable energy technologies, focused
on providing loans to retailers, credit to consumers, and training
and information to retailers and banks to encourage their particpation.
This paper assesses the effectiveness of the current generation
of renewable energy programs, developed by the World Bank Group,
the US Agency for International Development, and the US Department
of Energy, in fostering the development of a private market for
solar photovoltaics in developing countries. It identifies eight
barriers to market development that discourage retailers, consumers,
and financial institutions from particpating in the market. The
paper concludes that several barriers must still be overcome,
including the degree to which the national government will influence
market development, the extent to which financial institutions
can assess the viability of the market and issue loans, and the
ability for retailers to use sound business practices. The success
of these programs is measured by how much they impact the size
of the market and the extent to which they can lower the cost
of solar photovoltaic systems.
Order #: ETP98-04 Price: $3.00
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| 1997 |
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Stimulating "Green" Technological Innovation:
An Analysis of Alternative Policy Mechanisms by Vicki
Norberg-Bohm
This paper explores how to design public policy mechanisms
to stimulate rather than impede pollution-preventing technological
innovation. It begins with a discussion of the role of government
in civilian technology development and diffusion, sets out six
design criteria for policy to promote "green" technology innovation,
and assesses the potential and limitations of current U.S. policy
approaches to stimulate technological innovation which moves us
toward a minimal waste society.
Order #: ETP97-01 Price: $3.00
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The Risks and Advantages of Agency Discretion:
Evidence from EPA's Project XL by Lawrence Susskind,
Joshua Secunda, and Gabriela Krockmalnic
This paper explores the importance of administrative
discretion in encouraging innovative approaches to environmental
compliance. It examines the role that "informal discretion" has
played in programs like Project XL and the Common Sense Initiative,
and the degree to which the concept has been stretched in attempting
to negotiate these projects with the private sector. We suggest
that a more aggressively flexible approach to administrative discretion
may be vital to EPA's attempts to garner further innovative proposals
from the regulated community.
Order #: ETP97-02 Price: $5.00
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Improving Project XL: Helping Adaptive
Management to Work within EPA by Joshua Secunda and
Lawrence Susskind
This paper expands on arguments put forward in "The
Risks and Advantages of Agency Discretion: Evidence from EPA's
Project XL". It offers up strategies designed to succeed without
statutory reform or other 'sea changes' to the existing framework
of Project XL.
Order #: ETP97-02a Price: $2.00
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Intellectual Property Rights, Conservation,
and Equity: A Pharmaceutical Case Study by Analia Penchaszadeh
and Omar Razazz
The literature on conservation of biodiversity has recognized
the importance of protecting habitats and environments in addition
to gene-pools. Pharmaceutical companies have identified possible
market value for medicinal plants and have been patenting compounds
and extracts in the search for and development of new drugs. There
are now efforts to recognize the intellectual property of those
who have used these medicinal plants and whose traditional knowledge
leads to the development of marketable drugs. Through a series
of case studies of the biotech industry, this paper explores common
property institutions and the development of intellectual property
rights to genetic resources.
Order #: ETP97-04 Price: $3.00
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A Review of Three State Initiatives
to Encourage the Use of Innovative Environmental Technologies
by Coralie Cooper and Lawrence Susskind forthcoming
The emergence of state efforts to spur commercialization
and use of environmental products, goods and services is rooted
in several areas: 1) innovative technologies can help solve environmental
problems while reducing costs, 2) in helping with the commercialization
and export of technologies, states can spur a growing industry,
and 3) states want to stay ahead of and possibly shape federal
environmental regulations. This paper presents a comparative analysis
of three states' programs to encourage the introduction of innovative
technologies. The paper focuses specifically on efforts to introduce
flexibility into the regulatory systems in those states.
Order #: ETP97-05 Price: $5.00
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The Power of Incrementalism: Environmentally
Induced Technological Change in the Pulp and Paper Industry by
Mark Rossi and Vicki Norberg-Bohm
This paper examines the motivations of US kraft pulp
and paper firms to develop and implement pollution prevention
technology innovations in a situation where the economic benefits
are equivocal, but the environmental benefits are clear. Conclusions
drawn from a parallel study of mature industry and policy trends
suggest that innovation in policy design and implementation is
needed to move toward the goal of a "zero-waste" society. At the
heart of these innovations must be the ability to set longer-term
goals or standards which can provide incentives for continual
environmental improvement.
Order #: ETP97-06 Price: $5.00
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The Impact of Electricity Deregulation
on the Viability of Renewable Resource Projects by
Cherie Abbanat with Paul Levy
This paper evaluates the competitiveness of a wind power
generating facility assuming a deregulated New England electric
supply market in order to determine (1) what role, if any, government
should assume in promoting wind technologies, and (2) what level
and type of subsidy, if any, is appropriate for renewable resources.
Order #: ETP97-07 Price: $3.00
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Technological Change and Public Policy:
A Case Study of the Wind Energy Industry by Jeff Loiter
with Vicki Norberg-Bohm
A case study of the wind energy industry in the United
States from both a technology and policy perspective. Conclusions
about the success or failure of past policies are drawn, informed
by the literature on technological change theories. Recommendations
for future policy are made based on past experience, current economic
conditions and policy choices, and technological change theory.
Order #: ETP97-08 Price: $5.00
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| Graduate
Theses |
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Masters and Doctoral theses
submitted to the Department of Urban Studies and Planning at MIT
Listed below are titles of theses that include thorough and relevant
treatments of many topics related to those on which the ETPP focuses
its efforts. Click on the titles to view the thesis abstracts
in PDF format. Theses are stored in the MIT libraries. Copies
are available at http://libraries.mit.edu/docs/theses.html.
2004:
"The Role of Research
Scientists in Adaptive Management Programs" by
Steven R. Lenard
2002:
"Learning From Venture Capital:
Procurement Programs as a Way to Promote Innovation" by
James M. Abrams
"Realizing Global Environmental
Objectives through Local Environmental Initiatives: The Incentives
behind Stakeholder Participation in Forest Carbon Sequestration
Projects" by Xantha Bruso
"Street Science: The Fusing
of Local and Professional Knowledge in Environmental Policy"
by Jason Corburn
"Electric Vehicle Technology
in Kathmandu, Nepal: A Closer Look at its Development"
by Sushila Maharjan
"Degradation Despite Regulation:
Water Pollution in Billings Basin, Sao Paulo, Brazil"
by Ana Laura Wey Martz Nogueira
"¡No Al Aeropuerto en
Texcoco! Regional Decision-Making and Community Countermobilization:
The Siting of Mexico City's New Airport" by Christina
Davis Rosan
"Casting Environmental
Governance: The Evolution of Regulatory Relationships in the Wisconsin
Foundry Industry" by Emily C. Rubenstein
"Remediation of Place: The
Role of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in Designing
Reuse at Superfund Sites" by Carol Goldsberry Tucker
"An Ecological Assessment
of Roxbury" by Jesse Daniel Williamson 2001:
"The Greening of Community
Development: An Analysis of Ecological Restoration and Neighborhood
Planning in the Fenway" by Trisha Miller
"Household-Level Point-of-Use
Water Filtration in Haiti: Strategies for Program Management and
Sustainability" by Farzana S. Mohamed
"Sustainable Economic
Development: The Case of Implementing Industrial Ecology"
by Shanna E. Wasserman
2000:
"A Hydrogen Fueling Station
in 2005 - Will it Happen? How do we get from Here to There?"
by Jane E. Brydges
"Strategic Policy Approaches
to Technological Development for Sustainability: The Role of Consensus
Building and Experimentation" by Sophia S. M. Chong
"Industrial Ecology
of Metals: Barriers and Incentives to Closing Loops"
by Jeffrey MacDonagh-Dumler
"Implementing
Environmental Policies in Developing Countries: Responding to
the Environmental Impacts of Tourism Development by Creating Environmentally
Protected Areas in Bahia, Brazil" by Jose Antonio Puppim
de Oliveira
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