DUSP Courses 1998

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11.205 Planning & Institutional Processes (International)

Department of Urban Studies and Planning

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Fall 1999

11.205

PLANNING INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Professors: Bish Sanyal sanyal@mit.edu, phone: x3-3270, Rm. 7337

Meenu Tewari mtewari@mit.edu, phone: x8-7721, Rm. 3-405B

Instructors: Anuradha Joshi anujoshi@mit.edu, phone: x3-6634, Rm. 9-527

Monica Pinhanez monipi@mit.edu, phone: x3-7926, Rm. 10-427

Class Meetings: Mondays and Wednesdays 11:00am 12:30 pm

Room: 1-242

The objective of this introductory seminar is to socialize the first year MCP students to some of the most important issues faced by the profession of Development Planning in developing countries. In pursuing the objective we will focus the discussion on the institutional context within which development planners operate and discuss the nature of the institutional processes in which they plan, implement and evaluate policies, programs and projects. The focus on the institutional context is deliberate because it leads well to the discussion of various planning roles, ranging from that of national planners involved in sectoral resource allocation to city planners confronted with problems of squatter housing and lack of municipal revenues at the local level. Also, an emphasis on institutions brings to the fore the issue of institutional change which is increasingly acknowledged to be a critical factor-perhaps more important than either capital, or technology-for economic growth and social development. And finally, institutional analysis is conducive to intellectual inquiry into broader theoretical questions regarding the appropriate role of the state in socio-economic development. Why should development be associated with modernization? Why should the state be involved in planning? What form of state involvement is important for development? What are the limits of state action? What guides the planners role in this process? Seminar participants will be encouraged to seek answers to these questions in formulating their own theories of planning.

The seminar will be organized around a set of lectures, directed readings, as well as extensive discussion of real life case studies of planning practice in developing countries.

Course Requirements

The course meets twice a week. The seminar participants will be expected to have read at least the required readings for each session and to participate actively in class discussions. At the beginning of the term all students will have to turn in a five-page paper on a controversy that they experienced in their professional lives (details on this assignment will be provided later). At the end of the term, students will write another five-page paper re-evaluating the same controversy in light of learnings from the class.

In addition, all seminar participants will be required to turn in a short paper of no more than two double spaced pages on the themes discussed in class every two weeks. The purpose of these short written assignments is to give each student an opportunity to reflect on some of the interesting points/questions raised in the lectures or readings on the theme which added most to their learning. Focus on those ideas that made you change your view of an issue, or that deepened your understanding of it. Using your work and personal experience to reflect on the material provided in the class is often a fruitful way for understanding what you have learned and for explaining it. Students should also see the papers as an opportunity to reflect on the expectations, doubts and search for meaning they bring to their profession as development planners. Be careful not to ramble.

The short written assignments will account for 60% of the overall grade. The remaining 40% of the grade will be split equally between (a) presentation of the case study and (b) general participation in class discussions, including levels of attendance and punctuality, ability to answer questions raised during the seminar, and familiarity with the reading assignments.

Course Schedule and Readings.

Wednesday, September 8: Introduction and course overview

I. MODERNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT

In this section, we will question the idea of modernization. Is modernization always a precondition for development? Does development lead to modernization? What is the role of planning in modernization and development? Are there moral limits to planning?

Monday, September 13: Modernization, Development and Planning I

Required

Ingham, B. 1993. "The meaning of development: Interactions between "new" and "old" ideas." World Development Vol. 21. No. 11. Pp. 1803-21.

Recommended

Arndt, H. W. 1987. "Development as growth." Economic Development: The history of an idea. Pp. 48-87. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Sen, Amartya K. 1998. "Introduction: Development as freedom," and Chapter 1: The perspective of freedom," in Development as Freedom, (forthcoming).

Wednesday, September 15: Modernization, Development and Planning II

Required

Rahnema, Majid. 1992. "Introduction." In Majid Rahnema with Victoria Bawtree, eds. The Post Development Reader. Pp. ix-xix. London: Zed Books

Sanyal, Bish. 1994. "Ideas and Institutions: Why the alternative development paradigm withered away." In Globalization, Democratization, Decentralization, and Sustainable Development. Regional Development Dialogue. Pp. 23-37.

Recommended

Escobar, Arturo. 1992. "Planning." In Wolfgang Sachs, ed. The Development Dictionary. Pp. 132-145.

Monday, September 20: Case Study I-Student Presentations

Required

World Bank. 1998. "Recent experience of involuntary resettlement. Togo-Nangbeto." Washington, DC: The World Bank.

World Bank. 1998. "Recent experience of involuntary resettlement, an overview." Pp. 1-10, 25-31. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank

Wednesday, September 22: Structure, processes, institutions: Reflections on modernity/modernization and its critics.

Presentation by Vasant Kaikar

Required.

Berman, Marshal. 1982. All that is solid melts into air. New York: Simon and Schuster. Pp. 15-37

Wood, Ellen. 1999. The origin of capitalism. New York: The Monthly Review Press. Pp. 105-16.

Harvey, David. 1996. Justice, nature and the geography of difference. Cambridge: Blackwell. Pp. 334-402 (upto 439 optional)..

Recommended.

Baumann, Zygmunt. 199x. Modernity and ambivalence. Pp. 231-79. Except for "The antinomies of postmodernities".

II. THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN DEVELOPMENT

What is the role of the state in development? Should the state plan?

Monday, September 27: The state as an agent of development

Required

Sen, Amartya. 1982. "Public action and the quality of life in developing countries" Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Vol. 43, No. 4 (November) pp. 287-316.

Amsden, Alice. 1992. "A Theory of Government Intervention in Late Industrialization." In: State and Market in Development: Synergy or Rivalry?" Edited by Louis Putterman and Dietrich Reuschemeyer. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Pp. 53-84.

Recommended:

Skocpol, Theda, and Kenneth Finegold. "State Capacity and Economic Intervention in the Early New Deal." Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 97. Pp. 255-278.

Wednesday, September 29: The Role of the State and Globalization-recent debates

Berger, Sussane. 1996. "Introduction" in Berger and Dore eds. National Diversity and Global Capitalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Pp. 1-25.

Rodrik, Dani. 1999. The new global economy and developing countries: Making openness work. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council. Chapter 1 (Conclusion optional).

Recommended

Rodrik, Dani. 1997. Has globalization gone too far? Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics.

Monday, October 4: Bureaucracy and Public Organization

Required:

Weber, Max. 1998. "Bureaucracy" in Gerth and Mills From Max Weber. London: Routledge (first published 1945) pp 196-244.

Wilson, James. Q. 1989. Bureaucracy. New York: Basic Books. Preface (ix-xii) to be read by all. Chapter 2 ("Organization Matters"), Chapter 5 ("Interests") and Chapter 9 ("Compliance") to be distributed among groups in class.

Recommended.

Leonard, D. 1987. "The realities of African management." World Development. Vol. 15, No. 7. Pp. 899-910.

Wednesday, October 6: Bureaucracy and Public Organizations II

Required.

Lipsky, Michael. 1980. "The critical role of street level bureaucrats." In Street level bureaucracy. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Chap. 1.

Tendler, Judith. 1975. "Introduction," "The task and the organizational fit," and the "Organizational economy of large projects" in Inside foreign Aid. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Pp. 1-22, 85-90.

Recommended.

Wade, Robert. 1988. "The management of irrigation systems: How to evoke trust and avoid the prisoners dilemma." World Development. Vol. 16, No. 4. Pp. 489-500.

Monday, October 11: HOLIDAY

Wednesday, October 13: Case Study II: Corruption in the Police Force of La Paz

Required

Dealing with corruption in the police force of La Paz. Kennedy School of Government Case Program. C-16-92-1104.0

Recommended.

Wilson, James Q. 1968. Varieties of police behavior: the management of law and order in eight communities. New York: Antheneum.

Anechiarico, Frank, and James B. Jacobs. 1996. "Toward a New Discourse on Corruption Control." In: The Pursuit of Absolute Integrity. How Corruption Control Makes government Ineffective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pp. 189-208.

Rose-Ackerman, Susan Rose. 1999. Corruption and good government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (ordered).

III. PLANNING AND POLITICS

Does "politics" interfere with "good" planning? Can planning and politics be detached?

Rational Choice vs. the Idea of Relative Autonomy and Political Embeddedness

Monday, October 18: Rational models of Planning/Public Choice

Required

Allison, Graham. 1971. "Introduction" in The Essence of decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Harper Collins.

Krueger, Ann, 1974 "The Political Economy of the Rent-seeking Society." American Economic Review (June) 64(3):291-323.

Recommended

Colclough, Christopher. 1996. "Education and the market: Which parts of the neoliberal solution are correct?" World Development. Vol. 24, no. 4.

Kelman, Steven. 1988. "Why public ideas matter." In Robert Reich ed. The power of public ideas. Cambridge: Ballinger. Pp. 31-54.

Wednesday, October 20: Political and Social Embeddedness

Required:

Evans, Peter. 1992. "The state as a problem and solution: Embedded autonomy, and structural change." in Stephen Haggard and Robert Kaufman eds. The politics of international adjustment. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pp. 139-181.

Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 19:481-510.

Schneider, Ben-Ross. 1998. "Elusive synergy: Business government relations and development" Comparative Politics. Vol. 31, No. 1.

Recommended

Grabher, Gernot. 1990. "On the Weakness of Strong Ties. The Ambivalent Role of Inter-Firm Relations." in the Decline and Reorganization of the Ruhr. Discussion Paper FS I 90-4, Labour Market and Employment Research, WZB, Berlin.

Evans, Peter. 1996. "Introduction: development strategies across the public-private divide." World Development. Vol. 24. Pp. 1033-7.

Monday, October 25: Policy Reform

What are the sources and mechanisms of reform? Under what conditions is the state, both, the agent and the object of reform?

Required

Hirschman, Albert O. (1963). "The Contriving of Reform." In: Journeys Toward Progress: Studies of Economic Policy-Making in Latin America, A Twentieth Century Fund Study. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund. Chapter 5: Pp. 251-264, 271-275. [19 pp.]

Grindle, Merilee and John Thomas. 1991. In Public Choices and Policy Change. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press. Chapter 2. Pp. 18-42.

Recommended

Skocpol, Theda. 1990. "Sustainable Social Policy: Fighting Poverty without Poverty Programs." The American Prospect 2 (Summer):58-70.

Wednesday, October 27: Case Study III: Cost Recovery in Lusaka Zambia

Student Presentations

Required

Case study material.

IV. ALTERNATIVES TO THE STATE?

Are development agents outside the state more effective and efficient than government?

Monday, November 1: Privatization and new public management

Required

Allen, Michael. 1995. What is Privatization Anyway?" and "Milestones in Privatization." Wall Street Journal Reports on World Business. October 2. Pp. R4

Allen, Michael. 1995. "Pro and Con." Wall Street Journal. October 2. Pp. R27.

Starr, Paul. 1987. The Limits of Privatization. Washington D.C. Economic Policy Institute. 20 pp.

Recommended

Hood, Christopher. 1991. "A public management for all seasons." Public Administration. Vol. 69, No. 1. Pp. 3-9/

Amsden, Alice, et. al. 1994. "Psuedo-Privatization and the World Bank." In The Market Meets its Match. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Wednesday, November 3: Decentralization and Public Participation

Required

Sanyal, Bish. (forthcoming) "The myth of development from below." International Journal of Planning.

Tendler, Judith with Serrano, Rodrigo. 1999. The rise of Social Funds: What are they a model of? Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mimeo. Chapter 2 "Social Funds-the Acclaim and the Paradox" (Chapter 4 optional).

Recommended:

Tendler, Judith. 1997. "Decentralization, participation, and other things local." In:

"Conclusion" to Good Government in the Tropics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Pp. 142-163.

Abers, Rebecca (1996). "Learning Democratic Practice: Distributing Government Resources Through Popular Participation in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Urban Planning Program, UCLA.

Monday, November 8: Civic Politics: Presentation by Solomon Benjamin

Required

Benjamin, Solomon and Nawratan Mal Bengani. 199x. "The civic politics of industrial districts in Delhi." In Decentralized production in India. Eds. Philippe Cadene and Mark Holmstrom. New Delhi: Sage Publications. Pp. 376-392.

Recommended

Scott J., `Nature and Space' Chapter 1 in Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed Yale University Press 1998 (pp 11 to 52)

Azevedo S., `Law and the Future of Urban Management in the Third World Metropolis' Chapter 14 in Illegal Cities: Law and Urban Change in Developing Countries by E. Fernandes and A. Varley (eds) Zed Books New York 1998 (pp258-273)

Wednesday, November 10: NGOs as development agents

Required

Sanyal, Bish. 1996. "Cooperative autonomy: The dialectic of state-NGO relationship in developing countries." Development and Change. Vol. 27, No. 1.

Tendler, Judith. 1982. Turning private voluntary organizations into development agencies: questions for evaluation. Washington, D.C.: USAID

Recommended

Kramer, Ralf M. 1981. "The Vanguard or Service Pioneer." In Voluntary Agencies in the Welfare State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Monday, November 15: Guest speaker

John Friedman."Citizenship: Statist, Cosmopolitan, Insurgent",

Required

TBA

Wednesday, November 17 John Friedman

Cities of Everyday Life: Knowledge/Power and the Problem of Representation."

Required

TBA

Monday, November 22: Case Study IV. Regularization of slums in Mumbai

Student presentations

Required

Sanyal, Bish and Mukhija, Vineet. Decentralized Conflict. Department of Urban Studies and Planning. Mimeo.

World Bank. 1993. "Executive Summary" in Housing: Enabling Markets to Work. Pp. 1-8.

Recommended

Khan, Azeez Mehdi. 1997. "SPARC and the Urban Poor: Advocacy processes." In Shaping Policy: Do NGOs Matter? New Delhi: PRIA.

Wednesday, November 24: HOLIDAY

Monday, November 29: Social Capital and Collective Action

Required

Putnam, Robert. 1994. "Introduction" in Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Harriss, John (1997). "'Missing Link' or Analytically Missing?: The Concept of Social Capital." Journal of International Development 9(7):919-937.

Recommended

Richard Locke. 1995. Remaking the Italian Economy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Introduction and Chapter 4.

Wednesday, December 1: International Organizations

Required

Wade, Robert. 1997. "Greening the Bank: The struggle over the environment, 1970-1995. In The World Bank: Its First Half Century. Vol. 2, Perspectives. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution.

Helleiner, Eric. 1994. "Introduction." In State and the reemergence of global finance: From Bretton Woods to the 1990s. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Helleiner, Gerald K. 1993. The new global economy and the developing countries. Aldershot: E.Elgar, Gower. Chap. 2 and 3.

Monday, December 6: Planning theory and practice

Required

Friedmann, John. 1987. Planning in the public domain: From knowledge to action. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pp. 51-85.

Alexander, E. 1996. "After rationality: Towards a contingency theory of planning." In Mandelbaum et al. Eds. Explorations in planning theory. New Brunswick, NJ. Center for Urban Policy Research. Pp. 45-64.

Recommended

Low, N.P. 1991. "Political theory, the state and planning." In Planning, politics and the state: Political foundations of planning thought. London: Unwin Hyman. Pp. 257-279

Checkoway, B. 1986. Strategic Perspective on Planning Practices. Lexington, Ma: Lexington Books. Pp. 1-8.

Wednesday, December 8: Planning education and summation

Required

Friedmann, John. 1996. "The core curriculum in planning revisited." Journal of planning education and research. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 89-104.

Sanyal, Bish. 1989. "Poor countries' students in rich countries' universities: Possibilities for planning education for the 21st century." Journal of Planning Education and Research. Vol. 8 (3).

Sanyal, Bish. 1996. "The MCP Program at a Crossroads." In DUSP@MIT.NOW. Fall Issue. Pp. 1-7.

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This syllabus may have been updated. To ensure that you're looking at the most recent version, please hit "Reload."
11.205 Planning & Institutional Processes (International)
Department of Urban Studies and Planning Massachusetts Institute of Technology Fall 1999 11.205 PLANNING INSTITUTIONS AND PROCESSES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Professors: Bish Sanyal sanyal@mit.edu, phone: x3-3270, Rm. 7337 Meenu Tewari mtewari@mit.edu, phone: x8-7721, Rm. 3-405B Instructors: Anuradha Joshi anujoshi@mit.edu, phone: x3-6634, Rm. 9-527 Monica Pinhanez monipi@mit.edu, phone: x3-7926, Rm. 10-427 Class Meetings: Mondays and Wednesdays 11:00am 12:30 pm Room: 1-242 The objective of this introductory seminar is to socialize the first year MCP students to some of the most important issues faced by the profession of Development Planning in developing countries. In pursuing the objective we will focus the discussion on the institutional context within which development planners operate and discuss the nature of the institutional processes in which they plan, implement and evaluate policies, programs and projects. The focus on the institutional context is deliberate because it leads well to the discussion of various planning roles, ranging from that of national planners involved in sectoral resource allocation to city planners confronted with problems of squatter housing and lack of municipal revenues at the local level. Also, an emphasis on institutions brings to the fore the issue of institutional change which is increasingly acknowledged to be a critical factor-perhaps more important than either capital, or technology-for economic growth and social development. And finally, institutional analysis is conducive to intellectual inquiry into broader theoretical questions regarding the appropriate role of the state in socio-economic development. Why should development be associated with modernization? Why should the state be involved in planning? What form of state involvement is important for development? What are the limits of state action? What guides the planners role in this process? Seminar participants will be encouraged to seek answers to these questions in formulating their own theories of planning. The seminar will be organized around a set of lectures, directed readings, as well as extensive discussion of real life case studies of planning practice in developing countries. Course Requirements The course meets twice a week. The seminar participants will be expected to have read at least the required readings for each session and to participate actively in class discussions. At the beginning of the term all students will have to turn in a five-page paper on a controversy that they experienced in their professional lives (details on this assignment will be provided later). At the end of the term, students will write another five-page paper re-evaluating the same controversy in light of learnings from the class. In addition, all seminar participants will be required to turn in a short paper of no more than two double spaced pages on the themes discussed in class every two weeks. The purpose of these short written assignments is to give each student an opportunity to reflect on some of the interesting points/questions raised in the lectures or readings on the theme which added most to their learning. Focus on those ideas that made you change your view of an issue, or that deepened your understanding of it. Using your work and personal experience to reflect on the material provided in the class is often a fruitful way for understanding what you have learned and for explaining it. Students should also see the papers as an opportunity to reflect on the expectations, doubts and search for meaning they bring to their profession as development planners. Be careful not to ramble. The short written assignments will account for 60% of the overall grade. The remaining 40% of the grade will be split equally between (a) presentation of the case study and (b) general participation in class discussions, including levels of attendance and punctuality, ability to answer questions raised during the seminar, and familiarity with the reading assignments. Course Schedule and Readings. Wednesday, September 8: Introduction and course overview I. MODERNIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT In this section, we will question the idea of modernization. Is modernization always a precondition for development? Does development lead to modernization? What is the role of planning in modernization and development? Are there moral limits to planning? Monday, September 13: Modernization, Development and Planning I Required Ingham, B. 1993. "The meaning of development: Interactions between "new" and "old" ideas." World Development Vol. 21. No. 11. Pp. 1803-21. Recommended Arndt, H. W. 1987. "Development as growth." Economic Development: The history of an idea. Pp. 48-87. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Sen, Amartya K. 1998. "Introduction: Development as freedom," and Chapter 1: The perspective of freedom," in Development as Freedom, (forthcoming). Wednesday, September 15: Modernization, Development and Planning II Required Rahnema, Majid. 1992. "Introduction." In Majid Rahnema with Victoria Bawtree, eds. The Post Development Reader. Pp. ix-xix. London: Zed Books Sanyal, Bish. 1994. "Ideas and Institutions: Why the alternative development paradigm withered away." In Globalization, Democratization, Decentralization, and Sustainable Development. Regional Development Dialogue. Pp. 23-37. Recommended Escobar, Arturo. 1992. "Planning." In Wolfgang Sachs, ed. The Development Dictionary. Pp. 132-145. Monday, September 20: Case Study I-Student Presentations Required World Bank. 1998. "Recent experience of involuntary resettlement. Togo-Nangbeto." Washington, DC: The World Bank. World Bank. 1998. "Recent experience of involuntary resettlement, an overview." Pp. 1-10, 25-31. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank Wednesday, September 22: Structure, processes, institutions: Reflections on modernity/modernization and its critics. Presentation by Vasant Kaikar Required. Berman, Marshal. 1982. All that is solid melts into air. New York: Simon and Schuster. Pp. 15-37 Wood, Ellen. 1999. The origin of capitalism. New York: The Monthly Review Press. Pp. 105-16. Harvey, David. 1996. Justice, nature and the geography of difference. Cambridge: Blackwell. Pp. 334-402 (upto 439 optional).. Recommended. Baumann, Zygmunt. 199x. Modernity and ambivalence. Pp. 231-79. Except for "The antinomies of postmodernities". II. THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN DEVELOPMENT What is the role of the state in development? Should the state plan? Monday, September 27: The state as an agent of development Required Sen, Amartya. 1982. "Public action and the quality of life in developing countries" Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics. Vol. 43, No. 4 (November) pp. 287-316. Amsden, Alice. 1992. "A Theory of Government Intervention in Late Industrialization." In: State and Market in Development: Synergy or Rivalry?" Edited by Louis Putterman and Dietrich Reuschemeyer. Boulder: Lynne Rienner. Pp. 53-84. Recommended: Skocpol, Theda, and Kenneth Finegold. "State Capacity and Economic Intervention in the Early New Deal." Political Science Quarterly. Vol. 97. Pp. 255-278. Wednesday, September 29: The Role of the State and Globalization-recent debates Berger, Sussane. 1996. "Introduction" in Berger and Dore eds. National Diversity and Global Capitalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Pp. 1-25. Rodrik, Dani. 1999. The new global economy and developing countries: Making openness work. Washington, DC: Overseas Development Council. Chapter 1 (Conclusion optional). Recommended Rodrik, Dani. 1997. Has globalization gone too far? Washington, DC: Institute for International Economics. Monday, October 4: Bureaucracy and Public Organization Required: Weber, Max. 1998. "Bureaucracy" in Gerth and Mills From Max Weber. London: Routledge (first published 1945) pp 196-244. Wilson, James. Q. 1989. Bureaucracy. New York: Basic Books. Preface (ix-xii) to be read by all. Chapter 2 ("Organization Matters"), Chapter 5 ("Interests") and Chapter 9 ("Compliance") to be distributed among groups in class. Recommended. Leonard, D. 1987. "The realities of African management." World Development. Vol. 15, No. 7. Pp. 899-910. Wednesday, October 6: Bureaucracy and Public Organizations II Required. Lipsky, Michael. 1980. "The critical role of street level bureaucrats." In Street level bureaucracy. New York: Russell Sage Foundation. Chap. 1. Tendler, Judith. 1975. "Introduction," "The task and the organizational fit," and the "Organizational economy of large projects" in Inside foreign Aid. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Pp. 1-22, 85-90. Recommended. Wade, Robert. 1988. "The management of irrigation systems: How to evoke trust and avoid the prisoners dilemma." World Development. Vol. 16, No. 4. Pp. 489-500. Monday, October 11: HOLIDAY Wednesday, October 13: Case Study II: Corruption in the Police Force of La Paz Required Dealing with corruption in the police force of La Paz. Kennedy School of Government Case Program. C-16-92-1104.0 Recommended. Wilson, James Q. 1968. Varieties of police behavior: the management of law and order in eight communities. New York: Antheneum. Anechiarico, Frank, and James B. Jacobs. 1996. "Toward a New Discourse on Corruption Control." In: The Pursuit of Absolute Integrity. How Corruption Control Makes government Ineffective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Pp. 189-208. Rose-Ackerman, Susan Rose. 1999. Corruption and good government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (ordered). III. PLANNING AND POLITICS Does "politics" interfere with "good" planning? Can planning and politics be detached? Rational Choice vs. the Idea of Relative Autonomy and Political Embeddedness Monday, October 18: Rational models of Planning/Public Choice Required Allison, Graham. 1971. "Introduction" in The Essence of decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis. New York: Harper Collins. Krueger, Ann, 1974 "The Political Economy of the Rent-seeking Society." American Economic Review (June) 64(3):291-323. Recommended Colclough, Christopher. 1996. "Education and the market: Which parts of the neoliberal solution are correct?" World Development. Vol. 24, no. 4. Kelman, Steven. 1988. "Why public ideas matter." In Robert Reich ed. The power of public ideas. Cambridge: Ballinger. Pp. 31-54. Wednesday, October 20: Political and Social Embeddedness Required: Evans, Peter. 1992. "The state as a problem and solution: Embedded autonomy, and structural change." in Stephen Haggard and Robert Kaufman eds. The politics of international adjustment. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pp. 139-181. Granovetter, Mark. 1985. "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness." American Journal of Sociology. Vol. 19:481-510. Schneider, Ben-Ross. 1998. "Elusive synergy: Business government relations and development" Comparative Politics. Vol. 31, No. 1. Recommended Grabher, Gernot. 1990. "On the Weakness of Strong Ties. The Ambivalent Role of Inter-Firm Relations." in the Decline and Reorganization of the Ruhr. Discussion Paper FS I 90-4, Labour Market and Employment Research, WZB, Berlin. Evans, Peter. 1996. "Introduction: development strategies across the public-private divide." World Development. Vol. 24. Pp. 1033-7. Monday, October 25: Policy Reform What are the sources and mechanisms of reform? Under what conditions is the state, both, the agent and the object of reform? Required Hirschman, Albert O. (1963). "The Contriving of Reform." In: Journeys Toward Progress: Studies of Economic Policy-Making in Latin America, A Twentieth Century Fund Study. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund. Chapter 5: Pp. 251-264, 271-275. [19 pp.] Grindle, Merilee and John Thomas. 1991. In Public Choices and Policy Change. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press. Chapter 2. Pp. 18-42. Recommended Skocpol, Theda. 1990. "Sustainable Social Policy: Fighting Poverty without Poverty Programs." The American Prospect 2 (Summer):58-70. Wednesday, October 27: Case Study III: Cost Recovery in Lusaka Zambia Student Presentations Required Case study material. IV. ALTERNATIVES TO THE STATE? Are development agents outside the state more effective and efficient than government? Monday, November 1: Privatization and new public management Required Allen, Michael. 1995. What is Privatization Anyway?" and "Milestones in Privatization." Wall Street Journal Reports on World Business. October 2. Pp. R4 Allen, Michael. 1995. "Pro and Con." Wall Street Journal. October 2. Pp. R27. Starr, Paul. 1987. The Limits of Privatization. Washington D.C. Economic Policy Institute. 20 pp. Recommended Hood, Christopher. 1991. "A public management for all seasons." Public Administration. Vol. 69, No. 1. Pp. 3-9/ Amsden, Alice, et. al. 1994. "Psuedo-Privatization and the World Bank." In The Market Meets its Match. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Wednesday, November 3: Decentralization and Public Participation Required Sanyal, Bish. (forthcoming) "The myth of development from below." International Journal of Planning. Tendler, Judith with Serrano, Rodrigo. 1999. The rise of Social Funds: What are they a model of? Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Mimeo. Chapter 2 "Social Funds-the Acclaim and the Paradox" (Chapter 4 optional). Recommended: Tendler, Judith. 1997. "Decentralization, participation, and other things local." In: "Conclusion" to Good Government in the Tropics. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. Pp. 142-163. Abers, Rebecca (1996). "Learning Democratic Practice: Distributing Government Resources Through Popular Participation in Porto Alegre, Brazil." Urban Planning Program, UCLA. Monday, November 8: Civic Politics: Presentation by Solomon Benjamin Required Benjamin, Solomon and Nawratan Mal Bengani. 199x. "The civic politics of industrial districts in Delhi." In Decentralized production in India. Eds. Philippe Cadene and Mark Holmstrom. New Delhi: Sage Publications. Pp. 376-392. Recommended Scott J., `Nature and Space' Chapter 1 in Seeing Like a State: How Certain Schemes to Improve the Human Condition Have Failed Yale University Press 1998 (pp 11 to 52) Azevedo S., `Law and the Future of Urban Management in the Third World Metropolis' Chapter 14 in Illegal Cities: Law and Urban Change in Developing Countries by E. Fernandes and A. Varley (eds) Zed Books New York 1998 (pp258-273) Wednesday, November 10: NGOs as development agents Required Sanyal, Bish. 1996. "Cooperative autonomy: The dialectic of state-NGO relationship in developing countries." Development and Change. Vol. 27, No. 1. Tendler, Judith. 1982. Turning private voluntary organizations into development agencies: questions for evaluation. Washington, D.C.: USAID Recommended Kramer, Ralf M. 1981. "The Vanguard or Service Pioneer." In Voluntary Agencies in the Welfare State. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Monday, November 15: Guest speaker John Friedman."Citizenship: Statist, Cosmopolitan, Insurgent", Required TBA Wednesday, November 17 John Friedman Cities of Everyday Life: Knowledge/Power and the Problem of Representation." Required TBA Monday, November 22: Case Study IV. Regularization of slums in Mumbai Student presentations Required Sanyal, Bish and Mukhija, Vineet. Decentralized Conflict. Department of Urban Studies and Planning. Mimeo. World Bank. 1993. "Executive Summary" in Housing: Enabling Markets to Work. Pp. 1-8. Recommended Khan, Azeez Mehdi. 1997. "SPARC and the Urban Poor: Advocacy processes." In Shaping Policy: Do NGOs Matter? New Delhi: PRIA. Wednesday, November 24: HOLIDAY Monday, November 29: Social Capital and Collective Action Required Putnam, Robert. 1994. "Introduction" in Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Harriss, John (1997). "'Missing Link' or Analytically Missing?: The Concept of Social Capital." Journal of International Development 9(7):919-937. Recommended Richard Locke. 1995. Remaking the Italian Economy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Introduction and Chapter 4. Wednesday, December 1: International Organizations Required Wade, Robert. 1997. "Greening the Bank: The struggle over the environment, 1970-1995. In The World Bank: Its First Half Century. Vol. 2, Perspectives. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution. Helleiner, Eric. 1994. "Introduction." In State and the reemergence of global finance: From Bretton Woods to the 1990s. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Helleiner, Gerald K. 1993. The new global economy and the developing countries. Aldershot: E.Elgar, Gower. Chap. 2 and 3. Monday, December 6: Planning theory and practice Required Friedmann, John. 1987. Planning in the public domain: From knowledge to action. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pp. 51-85. Alexander, E. 1996. "After rationality: Towards a contingency theory of planning." In Mandelbaum et al. Eds. Explorations in planning theory. New Brunswick, NJ. Center for Urban Policy Research. Pp. 45-64. Recommended Low, N.P. 1991. "Political theory, the state and planning." In Planning, politics and the state: Political foundations of planning thought. London: Unwin Hyman. Pp. 257-279 Checkoway, B. 1986. Strategic Perspective on Planning Practices. Lexington, Ma: Lexington Books. Pp. 1-8. Wednesday, December 8: Planning education and summation Required Friedmann, John. 1996. "The core curriculum in planning revisited." Journal of planning education and research. Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 89-104. Sanyal, Bish. 1989. "Poor countries' students in rich countries' universities: Possibilities for planning education for the 21st century." Journal of Planning Education and Research. Vol. 8 (3). Sanyal, Bish. 1996. "The MCP Program at a Crossroads." In DUSP@MIT.NOW. Fall Issue. Pp. 1-7.