Rafi Ahmed, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology @ Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: The immune system can remember, sometimes for a lifetime, the identity of a pathogen. The primary research interest of this laboratory is to understand the mechanisms by which long-term immunity is maintained and to use this information to develop vaccines that will confer long-term protective immunity.

Gillian M. Air, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology @ University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is studying the specificity of sialic acid receptors used by Myxoviruses.

Pablo Argueso, Ph.D.
Investigator-Instructor, The Schepens Eye Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: The major focus of Dr. Argueso's research is to characterize the carbohydrate portion of the different mucins expressed by the ocular surface epithelia as well as the enzymes involved with their synthesis, and to determine whether the alteration of mucin glycosylation is associated with ocular surface disease.

Linda G. Baum, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine @ UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This lab investigates how protein-carbohydrate interactions affect cell fate in the immune system. The specific focus is on the mechanism of galectin-1 mediated death of T lymphocytes, and the role of galectin-1 in immune development, lymphocyte homeostasis, response to pathogens, autoimmunity and tumor cell evasion of the immune response.

Eric S. Bennett, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology & Biophysics @ University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL (USA)
Subgroups: Other
Research interests: We study the role of glycosylation in ion channel function. Specfically, we are focusing on how ion channel glycosylation modulates, controls, and impacts cardiac, skeletal muscle, and neuronal electrical activity.

Carolyn Bertozzi, Ph.D.
Department Head, Department of Chemical Biology
Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry @ UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA (USA)
Subgroups: C-type lectin, Siglec
Research interests: Prof. Bertozzi's group works on applications of chemical tools to studies of glycobiology, with an emphasis on new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for human disease. Specific projects focus on glycoproteomics technologies, tumor vaccine approaches, new antibacterial targets, and methods for conditional glycosylation under small molecule control.

Bruce S. Bochner, M.D.
Professor, Medicine and Director, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology @ Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (USA)
Subgroups: Siglec
Research interests: Dr. Bochner's laboratory focuses on the role of cell adhesion molecules in allergic inflammation. This work has examined the function and expression of selectins and their ligands on human eosinophils, basophils and neutrophils.

Nicolai Bovin, Ph.D.
Head of Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry @ Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow (Russian Federation)
Subgroups: C-type lectin, Siglec
Research interests: Dr. Bovin's group is focused on chemical synthesis of sulphated, sialylated, and galactosylated oligosaccharides and neoglycoconjugates. This laboratory also investigates the specificity of animal lectins both on the molecular and cellular level and is currently involved in the design of glycoarrays as a tool for investigating lectin specificity.

Michael B. Brenner, M.D.
K. Frank Austen Professor of Medicine @ Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Brenner's laboratory is defining the glycolipid antigens in the CD1 antigen presentation system. The CD1a, b, c, and d molecules bind glycolipid antigens in subcompartments of the endocytic system and traffic them to the cell surface for presentation to T lymphocytes. Studies on the specificity and structure of the lipid for binding to CD1 and for the glycan for recognition by the T cell antigen receptor are at the core of understanding how this system of antigen presentation works.

C. Fred Brewer, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Molecular Pharmacology @ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory is studying the structure-function relationships of the galectins and other lectins including their binding specificities, quaternary structures and cross-linking activities in relation to their biological activities using isothermal titration microcalorimetry, electron microscopy, and x-ray crystallography.

Gordon D Brown, Ph.D.
Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town (South Africa)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory studies lectin and lectin-like receptors and their role in homeostasis and immunity. We also have an interest in non-lectin pattern recognition receptors.

Kevin Campbell, Ph.D.
Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Professor and Interim Head, Physiology & Biophysics; Neurology @ The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory's focus is understanding the role of glycosylation in muscle function.

Roger Chammas, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Division of Oncology @ University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Sao Paulo (Brazil)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Chammas'laboratory is exploring a galectin-3 KO model, evaluating how inflammation and tumorigenesis develop in galectin-3 null tissue environments. This laboratory is also exploring the functions of gangliosides in cell migration and antigen presentation, with the aim of understanding how these glycoconjugates may interfere with tumor progression.

Moonjae Cho, Ph. D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry @ Cheju National University Medical School, Jeju (South Korea)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory focuses on the binding specificities, localization and functional ligands of MCL (manila clam lectin) and Galectin-7.

Gary F. Clark, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Physiological Sciences @ Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Clark is interested in (1) mammalian sperm-egg binding; (2) induction of tolerance to the mammalian embryo/fetus and gametes mediated by glycoproteins expressed in the reproductive system; and (3) pathogens or tumor cells that either acquire or mimic the carbohydrate sequences employed as functional groups for the induction of tolerance essential for reproduction. This subterfuge enables the pathogen or tumor cell to couple its survival to the reproductive imperative.

Henrik Clausen, D.D.S., D.Sc.
Senior Associate Professor (Docent), Department of Oral Diagnostics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences @ University of Copenhagen (Denmark)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Clausen's laboratory is interested in the structure, biosynthesis and genetic regulation of glycoconjugates, with a major focus on mucins. This laboratory is studying the glycosylation and secretion process of mucins and biological functions involving mucins. This lab is also interested in receptor modulation mediated by glycosylation or through glycosphingolipids.

Mary J. Cloninger, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry @ Montana State University, Bozeman, MT (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is focused on the uses sugar-functionalized dendrimers of varying sizes and with varying loadings of sugars to study multivalent protein-carbohydrate interactions.

Angel L. Corbi, Ph.D.
Scientific Researcher, Upper Council for Scientific Research @ Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas, CSIC, Madrid (Spain)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Corbi's laboratory is interested in 1) the identification of the molecular mechanisms controlling dendritic cell differentiation and dendritic cell-specific gene expression and 2) the relevance of DC-SIGN and other cell surface lectins in the differentiation and functional maturation of human dendritic cells.

Paul Crocker, Ph.D.
Professor and Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellow, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: Dr. Crocker's group is mostly interested in the structure-function relationships of Siglecs. The laboratory is using a variety of biochemical and genetic approaches to investigate the molecular basis for sialic acid recognition by CD33-related Siglecs and to relate this to their functions in the innate immune system.

Richard D. Cummings, Ph.D.
Ed Miller Endowed Chair in Molecular Biology
Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology @ The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK (USA)
Subgroups: C-type Lectin, Galectin
Research interests: The Cummings's group studies the structure and biosynthesis of glycan-based ligands for carbohydrate-binding proteins (selectins and galectins) and the biological functions of protein-carbohydrate interactions in regulating cell adhesion, signaling, and cell turnover, in a variety of systems, including humans, animals, C. elegans and parasitic worms. This laboratory also studies the specific cellular and humoral immune responses in infected animals to glycan antigens expressed by parasites.

Anne Dell, Ph.D., F.R.S.
BBSRC Research Professor, Department of Biological Sciences @ Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Dell's research is focused on the development and application of high sensitivity mass spectrometric strategies for solving biopolymer structural problems, with particular emphasis on post-translational modifications, especially glycosylation. Current research projects include glycomic and glyco-proteomic studies of normal and knockout mice, parasitic nematodes, bacterial pathogens, mucins associated with cancer and cystic fibrosis, and glycoproteins implicated in mouse and human fertilization and reproduction.

James W. Dennis, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics @ Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute & University of Toronto, Ontario (Canada)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: The research of this laboratory focuses on the role of N- and O-linked glycan chains on cell surface receptors including T-cell receptor, integrins and cytokine receptors. This laboratory examines the effects of glycan structures on receptor clustering, endocytosis, and their interaction with galectins in systems that affect cell proliferation, motility and differentiation.

Steven E. Domino, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology @ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Domino's laboratory is studying the tissue-specific expression and regulation of Fut1 and Fut2, and identifying the carbohydrate structures and cell types involved in Fut1 and Fut2 function in reproductive tissues and cancer.

Kurt Drickamer, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Biochemistry @ University of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Drickamer's laboratory is interested in the structure, function and evolution of C-type lectins involved in innate immunity, cell-cell adhesion and turnover of serum glycoproteins. This laboratory's primary emphasis is on developing a molecular understanding of how these proteins perform their biological functions.

Raymond Dwek D.Sc., F.R.S.
Professor of Glycobiology @ University of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Dwek's group focuses on glycosylation in the immune system with emphasis on communication, protein folding, stability and alterations in glycosylation in disease states. The research interests of the Glycobiology Institute also involve imino sugars as anti-virals in particular for hepatitis B and C, imino sugars as therapeutic agents in glycolipid storage diseases and the development of anti-tumor vaccines for melanoma.

Thomas S. Edgington, M.D.
Professor, Department of Immunology @ The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory studies the interactions on vascular endothelial cells that involve sulfated oligosaccharide chains with particular focus on the Chondroitins.

Jeff Esko, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine @ UCSD, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Esko's laboratory focuses on the structure, function, and biosynthesis of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. This laboratory also work on the design and synthesis of small molecule inhibitors of glycosylation.

Alan Ezekowitz, MBChB, DPhil
Chief, Pediatric Service, Charles Wilder Professor of Pediatrics, Laboratory of Developmental Immunology @ MassGeneral Hospital for Children/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory's focus is the recognition of infectious agents by pattern recognition receptors and molecules.

Franco H. Falcone, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer @ University of Nottingham, Nottingham (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Falcone's group is interested in assessing the carbohydrate binding specificity of mammalian chilectins. Chilectins are novel (chitinase-like) lectins without chitinolytic activity whose function is currently not understoood.

Ten Feizi, M.D.
Professor and Director of the Glycosciences Laboratory @ Imperial College School of Medicine, Harrow (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Fiezi's laboratory focuses on ligand discovery for carbohydrate-binding receptors.

Elena Fernandez-Ruiz, Ph.D.
Senior Scientist, Department of Molecular Biology @ Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, Madrid (Spain)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory focuses on the functional characterization of human C-type lectins DLEC/BDCA-2, DECTIN-1 and KLRF1 and molecular characterization of new C-type lectin genes.

Alessandra Franco, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Member, @ Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Franco's laboratory is generating carbohydrate specific CTL for cancer immunotherapy. The Tumor Associated Carbohydrate Antigen (TACA) is TF (Thomsen Freidenreich), a disaccharide expressed on carcinomas.  Small carbohydrate moieties (mono-disaccharides) can be presented to alpha/beta CD8+ T cells in the context of a peptide backbone.  This laboratory's vaccine design uses glycopeptides with high affinity for the MHC and the hapten linked to a crucial position for the TCR.

Daron I. Freedberg, Ph.D.
Senior Staff Fellow, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration @ NIH, Rockville, MD (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Freedberg's laboratory is interested in discovering carbohydrate structure-function relationships through the study and systematic design of novel protein-binding carbohydrate scaffolds, structures of carbohydrate-based cancer and polysaccharide vaccines, Lewis antigens and blood group oligosaccharides. This laboratory plans to generate carbohydrate libraries through chemo-enzymatic synthesis, and study the structures of these novel compounds to delineate structure-function relationships, which will be used to develop potent carbohydrate-based inhibitors of galectin-3.

Hudson H. Freeze, Ph.D.
Professor and Director of the Glycobiology Program @ The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Freeze's lab studies human congenital disorders of glycosylation, a group of over a dozen inherited diseases with broad multisystemic symptoms. This laboratory also studies nontraditional carboxylated N-linked glycans that mediate inflammation and uses an anti-glycan monoclonal antibody to block their development.

Alan B. Frey, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Cell Biology @ New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (USA)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: Dr. Frey's laboratory focuses on the understanding of the role that inhibitory signaling receptors expressed in murine CD8+ T cells play in causing the lytic-defective phenotype which characterizes tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.

Robert C. Fuhlbrigge, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Professor @ Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA(USA)
Subgroup: C-type
Research interests: This laboratory studies the structure and regulation of T cell selectin ligands and their role in the development of inflammatory skin disease.

Minoru Fukuda, Ph.D.
Professor of the Glycobiology Program @ The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Adjunct Professor, Department of Pathology @ UCSD, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Fukuda's laboratory focuses on the cellular and molecular biology of cell surface glycoproteins in development and cancer with a secial emphasis on immune and neural systems.

Oliver Garden, Ph.D.
Lecturer / Molecular Immunoregulation Team Leader, Department of Immunology @ Imperial College London, London (UK)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory focuses on the interactions of murine CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with CD4+CD25- T cells, both from a fundamental biological point of view, and in the context of a murine model of lupus.

Yong-Jian Geng, M.D., Ph.D.
Associate Professor and Director@ University of Texas Houston Medical School, Houston, TX (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: This laboratory focused on lymphocyte activation by CD1-restricted antigens and identification of glycolipids and glyosylating enzymes in atherosclerosis and stem cell developments.

Yu Geng, M.D.
President@ ProSci, Inc., Poway, CA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory is studying the interactions of carbohydrates on viral envelope glycoproteins with C-type lectins on immune cells and developing prophylactic vaccines against HIV and other virus.

Ilene K. Gipson, Ph.D.
Sr. Scientist and Professor, Department of Ophthalmology @ Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Gipson's laboratory focuses on the characterization of the carbohydrate portion of ocular surface epithelial mucins. This laboratory also plan to investigate how the differential expression of glycosyltransferases (i.e. sialyltransferases) and/or glycosydases regulates the production of terminal carbohydrate ligands on mucins.

David Goldberg, PhD
Principal Scientist @ Palo Alto Research Center, Palo Alto, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Goldberg's research interest is in applying mathematics and algorithms to biological problems. He has recently been focusing on automatic interpretation of mass spectra from proteins and glycans.

Irwin J. Goldstein, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Biological Chemistry @ University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Goldstein's laboratory studies carbohydrate-protein interactions using lectins. We are especially interested in lectins with novel carbohydrate binding properties that can be used for biomedical applications. These include the lectins from Polyporus squamosus fungus which recognizes Neu5Ac alpha2,6-Gal beta1,4GlcNAc sequences present in Asn-linked glycoproteins, and the mushroom Marasmius oreades which binds the Gal alpha1,3Gal beta1,4GlcNAc xenotransplantation antigen with high affinity.

Siamon Gordon, M.D., ChB., Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Cellular Pathology @ University of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory studies lectin-like receptors expressed by macrophages and their roles in host defence against infection by bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as in interactions with endogenous ligands in murine and human tissue.

Jill E. Gready, Ph.D.
Senior Fellow and Group Head of the Computational Proteomics and Therapy Design Group @ John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University (Australia)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory has studied proteins with C-type lectin domains (CTLD) for two years, using several molecular strategies to investigate co-evolution of CTLD sequence/3-D structure and sugar-binding capacity.

Jenny E. Gumperz, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology @ University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: This laboratory focuses on understanding how TCRs recognize their antigens, the specific mechanisms by which they become activated, and their physiological functions.

Senitiroh Hakomori, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor, Pathobiology and Microbiology @ University of Washington
Head, Division of Biomembrane Research @ Pacific Northwest Research Institute, Seattle, WA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Hakomori's studies are focused on microdomain structure and function that mediate receptor-induced signal transduction. For example, carbohydrate-dependent adhesion induces activation of Src family kinases, leading to MAP kinase activation and phenotypic change of various types of cells.

Robert S. Haltiwanger, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology @ State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Haltiwanger's laboratory studies the role of glycosylation in regulation of signaling events. In particular, this laboratory analyzes how O-fucose and O-glucose modifications modulate the function of proteins such as Notch.

Jerry L. Hedrick, Ph.D.
Professorof Biochemistry, Department of Animal Science @ University of California Davis, Davis, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is studying a lectin-ligand mechanism responsible for establishing a block to polyspermy at fertilization. They are also determining the structure of an egg glycoprotein ligand responsible for sperm-egg binding.

Timothy R. Henion, Ph.D.
Research Assistant Professor @ University of Massachusetts Medical School, Waltham, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Our laboratory focuses on glycan function during nervous system development. We primarily use the olfactory system as our model to investigate 1) the influence of Fringe glycosylation and Notch signaling on olfactory cell fate; 2) the role of protein-glycan interactions in patterning of sensory neuron projections to the CNS.

Bernard Henrissat, Ph.D.
Head of Glycobiology: Genomes & Structures @ Architecture et Fonction des Macromolecules Biologiques, Marseille (France)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Henrissat's group is currently active in bioinformatics related to Glycobiology (maintenance of the CAZy database http://afmb.cnrs-mrs.fr/CAZY/classification of carbohydrate-active enzymes in families) and in crystal structure structure determinations of carbohydrate-active enzymes (glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases) and modules thereof.

Shawn Hochman, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Physiology @ Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is studying mechanisms of tetanus toxin C -fragment (TTC) transport in vivo.

Amy R. Howell, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Associate Department Head, Department of Chemistry @ University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Howell's research is focused on the development of synthetic methodology that provides straightforward access to sphingosines, sphinganines and phytosphingosines. These key precursors are converted to glycosylceramides for probing the relationship between structure and function in glycolipid antigen presentation by the CD1 family.

Margaret E. Huflejt, Ph.D.
Senior Research Scientist, @ Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, San Diego, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This group studies expression and activities of galectins during malignant transformation of human tissues.

David Jackson, Ph.D.
Professor of Human Immunology @ MRC Human Immunology Unit, Headington, Oxford (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory focusses on the hyaluronan receptors LYVE-1 and CD44 and their contribution with other molecules in controlling trafficking of leukocytes and tumour cells across lymphatic vessel endothelium, and subsequent transit to lymph nodes.

Stephen C. Jameson, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology @ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Jameson's research focus is on development and regulation of lymphocytes, especially T cells. Recent work has suggested that differential glycosylation effects the sensitivity of the T cell receptors and its coreceptors, suggesting that regulation of glycosylation may be a critical element in controlling T cell development, survival and functional activity.

Geoffrey S. Kansas, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Micro-Immunology @ Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory studies 1) enzymes which are involved in selectin ligand formation in leukocytes, 2) how expression of those enzymes is controlled, and 3) basic cell biology of FucT-VII.

Toshisuke Kawasaki, Ph.D.
Professor, Chair, Department of Biological Chemistry @ Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University (Japan)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Kawasaki's laboratory has two major interests.  One is the role of MBP (mannan-binding protein) in innate immunity.  The other is the role of the HNK-1 epitope in neural and immune systems.

Sorge Kelm, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Physiological Biochemistry @ University Bremen (Germany)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: Dr. Kelm's group studies members of the Siglec family and adhesins of bacteria, like Helicobacter pylori, which bind to cell surfaces via recognition of sialic acid. This laboratory uses various methods for analyzing sialic acid-dependent binding and modulation of cell surface sialic acid.

Laura L. Kiessling, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry @ University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI(USA)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: This laboratory is focused on understanding and inhibiting protein and carbohydrate interactions. I am also interested in the biosynthetic enzymes that generate polysaccharides and glycoproteins.

Mitch Kronenberg, Ph.D.
Division Head and Member, Division of Developmental Immunology @ La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Adjunct Professor, Department of Biology @ UCSD, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Kronenberg's main interest is in the recognition of glycolipid antigens by T lymphocytes. This includes understanding the biochemistry of their interaction with CD1 antigen-presenting molecules and T-cell antigen receptors. This laboratory is also interested in receptors involved in the uptake of glycolipid antigens, the intracellular trafficking of these antigens, and the metabolic or antigen processing events that lead to the generation of epitopes recognized by T cells.

Vipin Kumar, Ph.D.
Member, Laboratory of Autoimmunity @ Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, CA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Kumar's laboratory focuses on the characterization of myelin-derived, glycolipid-reactive CD1d-restricted T cells and their physiological role in different autoimmune conditions.

Stephan Ladisch, M.D.
Scientific Director @ Children's Research Institute
Professor, Pediatrics, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology @ George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington DC (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Ladisch's work focuses on the establishment of the biological significance of gangliosides that are shed by tumor cells, particularly those involved in pediatric cancers, including brain tumors and neuroblastoma.  These studies are directed toward illuminating the hypothesis that shed gangliosides enhance tumor formation, possibly both by inhibiting the antitumor immune response and by enhancing growth factor-induced signaling and proliferation of fibrobalsts and vascular endotheilial cells in the tumor microenvironment. Delineation of the signaling pathways affected by ganglioside exposure is currently under study.

Gordan Lauc, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Dept. of Pharmacy and Biochemistry @ University of Zagreb, Zagreb (Croatia)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This Laboratory is studying functional aspects of glycan-lectin interactions in 'normal' and pathological conditions.

Benhur Lee, M.D.
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics @ UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Lee's laboratory studies 1) the structural determinants of DC-SIGN interactions with cognate viral envelopes versus its natural ligands (ICAM-2/ICAM-3) and 2) the biophysical characterization of conformational changes that occur during these receptor-ligand interactions.

Yuan C Lee, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Biology @ Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is interested in the recognition of carbohydrates in biological systems.

Robert I. Lehrer, M.D.
Professor, Department of Medicine @ UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Lehrer's lab works on various endogenous antimicrobial peptides, including some that have prominent lectin-like properties and strong antiviral activity. This laboratory is interested in defining the oligosaccharides that these peptides recognize on gp120 and herpes simplex glycoproteins and would welcome hearing from anyone with similar interests.

Hakon Leffler, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Glycobiology @ Lund University, Lund (Sweden)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory analyzes the structure and biochemistry of galectins, develops galectin-inhibitors, and studies the role and use of galectins and galectin inhibitors in inflammation and cancer.

Demetres D. Leonidas, Ph.D.
Researcher, @ Institute of Organic & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The National Hellenic Reasearch Foundation, Athens (Greece)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Leonidas' group is studying the structural basis of carbohydrate recognition by lectins and galectins to understand their biological role(s) in cell-cell interactions and to elucidate their fine sugar specificity.

Klaus Ley, M.D.
Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering @ University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Ley's group studies the role of glycosylation in selectin ligand function in vivo.

Clifford A. Lingwood, Ph.D.
Professor, Section of Infection, Immunity, Injury & Repair @ Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario (Canada)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is studying glycolipid receptor function in cellular physiology and microbial pathogenesis.

Gary W. Litman, Ph.D.
Professor @ University of South Florida, Children's Research Institute, St. Petersburg, FL (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is studying the evolution of antigen-binding receptors.

Dan R. Littman, M.D., Ph.D.
Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Professor, Molecular Immunology, @ New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory studies mechanisms of signal transduction, differentiation, and migration of T cells; mechanisms of HIV entry, with an emphasis on the role of dendritic cells in viral pathogenesis.

Fu-Tong Liu, M.D., Ph.D.
Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology @ University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA (USA)
Adjunct Professor @ The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Liu's research group is interested in studying the expression and functions of galectin-3, -7 and -12, in particular the roles of these proteins in inflammation and neoplasm.

Yang Liu, Ph.D.
Kurtz Chair Professor and Division Director, Department of Pathology @ Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is interested in identifying saccharide-binding proteins as potential receptors for CD24, and in determining whether certain glycans can mediate the function of CD24 in T-cell activation and autoimmune diseases.

David Live, Ph.D.
Research Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry Molecular Biology and Biophysics @ University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Live's research involves characterizating the conformational properties of mucin glycoprotein motifs, with an emphasis on segments of mucin domains from cell surface components.

Anthony W.I. Lo, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology @ The Chinese University of Hong Kong (SAR)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is studying complex N-linked glycans in gastric cancer.

Timothy Logan, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Molecular Biophysics @ Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is studying how the protein and carbohydrate components of glycoproteins interact to generate the biologically functional molecule.

John B. Lowe, M.D.
Professor, Department of Pathology @ The University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Lowe's research currently focuses on defining the functions of fucosylated and GalNAc-modified glycans in mammals.  Specific areas of interest include understanding how fucosylation controls leukocyte adhesion and trafficking, how fucosylation controls signaling by the Notch family of cell surface signal transduction receptors, and how GalNAc modifications may control cell adhesion and signal transduction in the immune system.

Petr Maly, Ph.D.
Head of Laboratory, Department of Mammalian Development @ Institute of Molecular Genetics ASCR, Prague (Czech Republic)
Subgroups: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Maly studies the generation of new animal models with defects in genes controlling terminal oligosaccharide biosynthesis or carbohydrate recognition and the utilization of new mutants strains in experimental immunology and medicine.

Jamey D. Marth, Ph.D.
Associate Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
Professor, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine @ University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroups: Siglec, Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Marth's laboratory is investigating the biological functions of glycan (sugar) molecules using genetic approaches in mammalian model systems.  The laboratory is elucidating mechanisms by which the regulated expression of glycan linkages contribute to physiologic and disease processes.

Paul T. Martin, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Neurosciences @ University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroups: Other
Research interests: This laboratory studies the role of carbohydrates in the development of the nervous system and skeletal muscle, with particular focus on neuromuscular development and disease.

Rodger P. McEver, M.D.
George Lynn Cross Professor of Medicine and Biochemistry @ The University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. McEver's group studies selectin-glycoconjugate interactions in vitro and in vivo and biological functions of galectins.

C. James McKnight, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor Department of Physiology & Biophysics @ Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is interested in the structure and function of apolipoprotein B (apoB) the protein component low density lipoprotein (LDL).This group is interested in the structure and function of apolipoprotein B (apoB), the protein component of low density lipoprotein (LDL).

Els Meeusen, Ph.D.
Director, Centre for Animal Biotechnology @ The University of Melbourne, Melbourne (Australia)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory studies galectins from both parasites and their mammalian hosts, and their possible roles in allergic inflammation and parasite infection. This group also looks at the roles of (gal)lectins in innate immune responses to parasites/allergens.

Kenton S. Miller, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Biology Department @ University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Miller's laboratory is interested in the mechanisms controlling immune cell glycocalyx structure. The laboratory is currently focused on identifying extracellular signals which modulate cell surface sialylation and explicating their intracellular control pathways at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels.

Atsushi Mizoguchi, M.D., Ph.D.
Assistant Immunologist, Instructor, Immunopathology Unit @ Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Mizoguchi's major research interest is in mucosal immunity associated with intestinal inflammation. This laboratory's current research has focused on the studies to define the role of intestinal endogenous lectins, especially galectin-4, in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation observed in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease.

Michel Monsigny, Ph.D.
Emeritus Professor, CBM-CNRS & University of Orleans (France)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Monsigny's lab is studying endogenous lectins of mammalian cells. This laboratory is focusing on 1) synthesis of glycoclusters with a large avidity-based affinity towards lectins, 2) binding, localization and intracellular trafficking of glycoconjugates including sugar-dependent nuclear import, and 3) antigen and gene targeting: glycofection.

David Branch Moody, M.D.
Associate Physician @ Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Moody's laboratory studies the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which CD1 antigen presenting molecules bind lipid antigens and present them to T cells.  In particular, this laboratory focuses on identifying new lipid antigens for T cells and understanding the molecular basis for their loading into the antigen binding grooves of CD1 proteins.

David Nemazee, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Immunology @ The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: Dr. Nemazee's laboratory is interested in the biology of B lymphocytes, particularly aspects of immunological tolerance and specificity.

David S. Newburg, Ph.D.
Profesor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology @ University of Massachusets Medical School, Waltham, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is studying the mechanisms whereby pathogen adhesins and bind to cell surface glycans, and in the genetic basis for heterogenous expression of cell surface glycoconjugates and how that relates to individual susceptability to specific pathogens.

Lars Nitschke, Ph.D.
Professor @ Institute for Genetic, University Erlangen-Nornberg (Germany)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: The focus of this laboratory is to study and identify the main ligand(s) for CD22 (Siglec-2), an adhesion receptor for a2,6-linked sialic acid, on the B cell surface.

Josiah Ochieng, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry @ Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Ochieng's laboratory is very interested in understanding the extracellular functions of galectin-3, particularly regarding its role in the regulation of cellular adhesion. Cell biological as well as biochemical approaches are being used to dissect the role of this lectin in diverse extracellular functions with implications in cancer metastasis.

Noorjahan Panjwani, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry @ Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Panjwani's laboratory is focusing on the mechanism by which galectins-3 and -7 mediate corneal epithelial cell migration. We are currently performing studies to: (i) identify and characterize the corneal epithelial cell surface and extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules which serve as counterreceptors of galectin-3 and -7, to establish whether the lectins modulate corneal epithelial cell migration by binding to well known integrins, growth factor receptors, and/or ECM molecules and (ii) determine whether galectin-3 mediates corneal epithelial cell migration indirectly by modulating the expression of key adhesion and/or signal transduction molecules by using small interfering RNA, cDNA microarrays and glycogene arrays.

James C. Paulson, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Molecular Experimental Medicines @ The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Siglec, Other
Research interests: Dr. Paulson's group investigates the roles of carbohydrate-binding proteins involved in immune regulation and human disease, through their interaction with carbohydrate groups expressed on cell surface glycoconjugates. This laboratoryn is currently focused on how sialoside ligands modulate Siglec functions and on understanding the molecular basis of glycosylation changes following differentiation and activation of leukocytes.

Mauro Perretti, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Immunopharmacology @ Queen Mary University of London, London (UK)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Perretti's research evolves around the concept of anti-inflammation, i.e. endogenous mediators that inhibit the host inflammatory reaction.

J. Michael Pierce, Ph.D.
Professor, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Complex Carbohydrate Research Center @ University of Georgia, Athens, GA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Pierce's laboratory is focused on understanding how glycoconjugates regulate cell adhesion, particularly during oncogenesis and tumor progression.

Seth H. Pincus, M.D.
Director and Professor @ Children's Hospital/LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is studying the capsular polysaccharide of the pathogenic bacterium group B streptococcus. We are interested in interactions of antibody with the capsule: how antibody protects against infection, how anti-capsular antibody may be induced by vaccines, and how the capsule functions in disease pathogenesis.

Steven A. Porcelli, M.D.
Professor, Department of Microbiology and Immunology @ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: A major focus of this laboratory is the identification and characterization of glycolipid ligands for CD1 molecules and the recognition of these by CD1-restricted T cells. This laboratory is assessing the role of T-cell recognition of glycolipids in bacterial infections, and in the generation and control of autoimmunity.

Pradman K. Qasba, Ph.D.
Chief, Structural Glycobiology Section, CCR, NCI @ NIH, Frederick, MD (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Qasba's group is interested in glycosyltransferases, their structure and function and in the enzymatic and chemical synthesis of oligosacchairdes.

Gabriel Rabinovich, Ph.D.
Associate Researcher CONICET, Assistant Professor@ University of Buenos Aires, School of Medicine, Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory is studying the role of galectins in vivo in immunoregulation, inflammation, host-pathogen interactions and tumor immune escape.

Avraham Raz, Ph.D.
Professor, Pathology, Radiation Oncology, Oncology @ Wayne State University, School of Medicine, Detroit, MI (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory's current research interest is toward unveiling the role of galectin-3 in metastasis, specifically as it relates to apoptosis resistance during cancer progression. These studies should advance the understanding of carbohydrate-protein interactions and the structural motifs involved in such a process.

Celso A. Reis, Ph.D.
Senior Researcher, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, (Portugal)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is focusing on the molecular mechanisms of the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates and carbohydrate ligands important in the process of gastric carcinogenesis and on gastric carcinoma progression and metastasis.

Risto Renkonen, M.D.
Acting Chair, Department of Bacterial & Immunology
Professor, Department of Immunology @ University of Helsinki, Helsinki (Finland)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory is analyzing organ-specific leukocyte trafficking.  This includes the detailed analysis on endothelial glycoproteins such as CD34 from various normal and inflammed organs and also the development of techniques for the non-invasive in vivo techniques for the analysis of leukocyte extravasation in human patients.

Kate Rittenhouse-Olson, Ph.D
Associate Professor, Director, Department of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences @ The University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory focus is on the immune response to carbohydrate antigens, with an emphasis on modalities to analyze the immune response and to increase the immune response. We are also interested in carbohydrate drug targeting.

Phillips W. Robbins, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology @ Boston U. Goldman School of Dental Med., Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Robbins' research focuses on various aspects of protein glycosylation and glycoprotein processing.

Annie-Claude Roche, Ph.D.
Research Director, CBM-CNRS & University of Orleans (France)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Roche's lab is studying endogenous lectins of mammalian cells.  This laboratory is focusing on 1) synthesis of glycoclusters with a large avidity-based affinity towards lectins, 2) binding, localization and intracellular trafficking of glycoconjugates including sugar-dependent nuclear import, and 3) antigen and gene targeting: glycofection.

Steven Rosen, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Anatomy @ University of California San Francisco, CA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory works on selectins and their carbohydrate ligands in lymphocyte homing and inflammation. The lab also studies heparin-degrading endosulfatases and their roles in regulating the interactions of growth factors and morphogens with proteoglycans.

Pauline M. Rudd, B.Sc., Ph.D.
Research Lecturer, Department of Glycobiology @ University of Oxford, Oxford (United Kingdom)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: A. Roles for glycosylation in the immune system:  (i) MHC class 1 and 2 peptide loading, CD1 and molecules at the T-cell synapse. Calnexin and calreticulin ER QC pathway. (ii) immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, sIgA, IgE, IgM), disease (RA, nephropathy, allergy) and the complement pathway (MBL, mannose receptor). (iii) Structural studies of antigenic epitopes and envelope glycoproteins in viruses (HIV, Ebola)  B. Glycosylation changes and disease: (i) Breast cancer (MUC1 and gelatinase B). (ii) Congenital disorders of glycosylation

Subash Sad, Ph.D.
Staff Scientist @ National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (Canada)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group is studying antigen-presentation, T cell memory generation and memory maintenanceĉagainst various intracellular pathogens in vivo. The group uses transgenic T cells of defined antigenic specificity and recombinant intracellular pathogens expressing a defined antigen.

Ram Sasisekharan, Ph.D.
Professor, Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health @ MIT, Cambridge, MA  (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: The Sasisekharan group employs a multidisciplinary strategy to develop tools to study complex polysaccharides such as heparin-like glycosaminoglycans with an ultimate goal toward the development of novel pharmacological approaches to alleviate polysaccharide-mediated disease processes.

Sachiko Sato, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Medicine @ Unversite Laval, Quebec (Canada)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory has been investigating roles of galectins as immunomodulators in innate immune responses to infectious diseases.  Particularly, roles of galectins as leukocyte adhesion modulators in the extravasation and roles of galectins as immunomodulators in the pathogenesis of parasitic infections are our main interests.

Harry Schachter M.D., Ph.D., F.R.S.C.
Scientist Emeritus @ The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto (Canada)
Professor Emeritus, Dept. of Biochemistry @ University of Toronto, Toronto (Canada)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Schachter's laboratory is interested in using Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster as model organisms to develop a functional post-translational proteomics approach to study the role of N-glycans in eukaryote development. Since this is a very difficult problem, Dr. Schachter joined the Consortium to discuss ideas on how to approach this problem.

Roland Schauer, Ph.D., M.D.
Professor Emeritus @ Universitaet Kiel (Germany)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This group focused on the enzymatic 4- and side-chain-O-acetylation of sialic acids intending to get information on the enzyme properties as well as the molecular genetics and primary structures of the sialic acid 4- and 7(9)-O-acetyltransferases after protein purification.

Bridgitte Schmitz, Ph.D.
Professor, Department Biochemistry @ University of Bonn, Institute of Physiology, Biochemistry and Hygienics of Animals (Germany)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: The project is aimed at understanding the role of the Lex-containing L5 carbohydrate epitope in the developmental process of neural induction. We plan to identify 1) the protein to which the L5 glycan is attached, 2) glycosyltransferases upregulated during neural induction, 3) the corresponding L5 carbohydrate binding protein (CBP), 4) the mechanism of interaction between L5 and its CBP, and 5) the spatiotemporal regulation of L5 and L5-CBP expression during neural induction.

Ronald L. Schnaar, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Pharmacology @ The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (USA)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: In the focus area of neuroglycobiology, we study the functions of myelin-associated glycoprotein (Siglec-4), which binds to brain gangliosides to mediate axon-myelin stability and modulate nerve regeneration. We are also probing human leukocyte gangliosides as the endogenous ligands that mediate E-selectin dependent tethering and rolling during inflammation.

Gerald (Gary) Schwarting Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Cell Biology @ University of Massachusetts Medical School, Waltham, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Schwarting's research is focused on the analysis of developmentally regulated cell surface molecules and their role in axon guidance and neuronal migration, using the olfactory system as a model. The interaction of cell surface glycans with endogenous lectins in the extracellular matrix provides one mechanism by which axons can utilize specific pathways as they grow towards their targets.

William E. Seaman, M.D.
Professor @ University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory studies receptors and transmembrane signaling in lymphocytes and myeloid cells.

Protul A. Shrikant, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology @ Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: The research in this laboratory is focused on understanding the basis for CD8+ T cell tolerance and immunity to tumors. The projects pursued include 1) sialyl-glycan mediated regulation of CD8+ T cell responses to tumor-antigens and 2) generating cytokine therapies for T cell immunity to cancer.

Peter A. Sieling, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine @ The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Sieling's group investigates the role of human CD1-restricted T cells in the immune response to microbial infection with particular emphasis on mycobacterial diseases including leprosy and tuberculosis. We have also identified human CD1-restricted T cells against gram negative bacteria.

Frances Smith, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry @ University of Massachussetts Medical School, Waltham, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory studies the role of carbohydrates in the development of the central nervous system.

Karen R. Snapp, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacology @ University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory is investigating the structural and biochemical modifications of PSGL-1 required for functional interactions with P- and L-selectin. We are also studying the role of PSGL-1 as the entry receptor for Anaplasma phagocytophila, the causative agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis (HGE). In addition, we are investigating the role that carbohydrates play in crosstalk between endothelial selectins and their leukocyte carbohydrate ligands.

Greg Spear, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Immunology/Microbiology @ Rush University, Chicago, IL (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. Spear's research focuses on glycan-binding proteins expressed in cells of the immune system and on how the concerted action of glycosyltransferases regulates expression of their carbohydrate ligands.

Thomas E. Spencer, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Center for Animal Biotechnology and Genomics @ Texas A&M University, College Station, TX (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory focuses on the biochemical aspects of conceptus-endometrial interactions during the implantation period of pregnancy.

P. Sriramarao, Ph.D.
Professor and Head, Division of Vascular Biology @ La Jolla Institute for Molecular Medicine, San Diego, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This group is studying the role of carbohydrates in allergic inflammation and specifically in understand how these molecules support eosinophil trafficking in blood vessels.

Pamela Stanley, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Cell Biology @ Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Stanley's laboratory is interested in 1) understanding the biological roles of specific classes of N-glycan in development and immunity through studies of glycosyltransferase mutant mice, 2) identifying complex binding specificities of galectins using a panel of CHO glycosylation mutants, and 3) determining how O-fucose glycans function in Notch receptor signaling and in modulating the interaction of Notch receptors with their ligands.

Chad Steele, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, @ University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory studies the role of the Dectin-1 beta-glucan receptor in recognizing and reacting to pathogenic fungal organisms.

David Stein, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology @ University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is investigating the involvement of protein glycosylation and oligosaccharide sulfation in the establishment of Drosophila embryonic Dorsal-Ventral polarity.

Nongnuj Tanphaichitr, Ph.D.
Senior Scientist and Professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biochemistry/Microbiology/Immunology, Ottawa Health Research Institute & University of Ottawa, Ontario (Canada)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Tanphaichit's group is focused on discerning the molecular mechanisms through which mammalian sperm interact with the egg zona pellucida. For the past 16 years, we have looked closely into the roles of the male germ cell specific sulfoglycolipid (sulfogalactosylglycerolipid-SGG, also known as seminolipid) and its binding protein, arylsulfatase A (which also exists on the sperm surface), in this sperm-egg interaction.

Irma van Die, Ph.D.
Senior Scientist/Associate Professor,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Glycoimmunology Group @ VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: 1) Molecular and functional characterization of glycan-lectin interactions involved in recognition of Schistosomes by immune cells, and 2) C-type lectin-carbohydrate interactions in cellular communication in the immune system and regulation of the biosynthesis of the glycan-ligands involved.

Yvette van Kooyk, Ph.D.
Professor/Head, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, DC Immunology Group @ VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: Dr. van Kooyk's laboratory is exploring the function of antigen presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DC), that regulate viral-antigen recognition, DC trafficking and T cell binding--all processes that initiate immunity or tolerance. Essential in this is the recognition of ligands by C-type lectins and the functional consequences of differential terminal glycosylation that may regulate DC function.

Ajit P. Varki, M.D.
Professor, Department of Medicine
Director, Glycobiology Research and Training Center @ UCSD, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: Dr. Varki's research interests are currently focused on the sialic acid family of sugars and their roles in biology, evolution and disease.

Gerardo Raul Vasta, Ph.D.
Professor, Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, MD (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Vasta's research focuses on the use of biochemical, molecular and structural approaches to the study of animal lectins and their carbohydrate ligands.

Claus-W. von der Lieth, Ph.D.
Senior Scientist, Head of the Modeling Group, Central Spectroscopy Department @ DKFZ - German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg (Germany)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. von der Lieth's group is developing bioinformatic tools for glycobiology. Currently the group provides a web-based data base containing carbohydrate structures and related information, the program SWEET-II to generate reliable 3D structures requiring carbohydrate nomenclature as input and the GLYCO-FRAGMENT tool to support the interpretation of MS-spectra. All services are web-based and available at http://www.dkfz.de/spec/ or http://www.glycosciences.de.

John L. Wang, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Biochemistry @ Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (USA)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: This laboratory is focused on the intracellular activities of galectin-1 and galectin-3. The specific objectives of the research include: (a) to delineate the role(s) galectins-1 and -3 play in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing; (b) to characterize the nuclear and cytoplasmic complexes with which galectin-1 and/or galectin-3 are associated; and (c) to analyze the mechanism and regulation of transport of the two proteins between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments.

Lai-Xi Wang, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Institute of Human Virology @ University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory is focused on the design and synthesis of novel glycoconjugates for addressing fundamental problems in glycobiology and biomedicine.

Peng George Wang, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry @ Ohio State University, Columbus, OH (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: This laboratory involves different aspects of glycoscience - Glycochemistry, Glycobiology, and Glycoanalysis and glycomics.

William I. Weis, Ph.D.
Associate Professor, Department of Structural Biology @ Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratoy's current research efforts are 1) structural definition of the precise binding specificity of DC-SIGN and the related receptor DC-SIGNR, and 2) the mechanism of complement activation by serum Mannose-Binding Proteins following binding to carbohydrates on pathogenic cell surfaces.

Hugh J Willison, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Neurology @ University of Glasgow, Glasgow (UK)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. Willison's laboratory focuses on protein carbohydrate interactions, specifically between immunoglobulins and carbohydrate structures and the mechanisms by which these relate to nervous system autoimmunity.

Ian A. Wilson, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Molecular Biology and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology @ The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Adjunct Professor, Department of Pathology, UCSD, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: The main focus of Dr. Wilson's group is on antigen recognition by the immune system. The specific topics include TCR-pMHC, antibody-antigen and TCR-CD1 interactions with particular reference to glycosylated antigens, presented by CD1 and MHC class I.

Paul Winyard, Ph.D.
Senior Lecturer, Department of Nephro-Urology @ Institute of Child Health, University College London, London (UK)
Subgroup: Galectin
Research interests: Dr. Winyard's group is interested in the role(s) of galectin-3 in kidney development and renal diseases, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD).

Chi-Huey Wong, Ph.D.
Ernest W. Han Chair Professor of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology @ The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (USA)
Subgroup: TCR/CD1/MHC
Research interests: Dr. Wong's laboratory is interested in new chemistry for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, aminoglycosides, glycolipids and glycoproteins; design, synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of carbohydrate mimetics and glycosyltransfer enzymes inhibitors; automated programmable one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis; development of glycoarrays for high throughput analysis; glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases: mechanism, inhibition and synthetic application; aldolases:  mechanism, directed evolution and synthetic application; carbohydrate-based vaccines; structures of glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases, aldolases, and CD-1/T-cell complexed with ligands (with Ian Wilson).

Henry H. Wortis, M.D.
Professor, Chair, Department of Pathology/Immunology @ Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (USA)
Subgroup: Siglec
Research interests: This laboratory is interested in understanding how the B cell negative regulator CD22 serves to prevent the development of autoimmunity. Currently, the lab is studying how the lectin function of this molecule serves its regulatory functions. The lab is also interested in characterizing the essential molecules along the pathway.

Wayne M. Yokoyama, Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Medicine and Pathology @ Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This laboratory's current research focus is to apply our knowledge of natural killer (NK) cell recognition systems to further our understanding of the role of NK cells in innate immunity to murine cytomegalovirus and other viruses as well as against tumors. In the mouse, most of the known NK cell receptors are type II integral membrane proteins with C-type lectin-like homology whose genes are found in the NK gene complex on distal mouse chromosome 6. These lectin-like receptors bind polypeptide ligands but complex polysaccharides may perturb receptor-ligand interactions, suggesting that carbohydrates may bind these receptors directly or modulate their interactions with their protein ligands.

William S. York, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology @ University of Georgia, Athens, GA (USA)
Subgroup: Other
Research interests: Dr. York's research, in collaboration with scientists at the Large Scale Distributed Information Systems laboratory at the University of Georgia, focuses on the development of open data formats, semantic analysis, and data mining techniques to explore glycomics data from diverse sources.

Xiao-Qiang Yu, Ph.D.
Assistant Professor @ University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO (USA)
Subgroup: C-type lectin
Research interests: This group focuses on C-type lectin (immulectin)-mediated innate immune responses.

Hermann Ziltener, Ph.D.
Professor, The Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine @ University of British Columbia, Vancouver British Columbia (Canada)
Subgroup: C-Type lectin
Research interests: This group is focused on 1) the mechanisms that control the activities of glycosyltransferases that lead to formation of selectin ligands and 2) cell biology of C2 GlcNAcT enzymes.

© 2002-2003 Consortium for Functional Glycomics. All rights reserved.