Amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus: The family Poxviridae is divided into two subfamilies, Chordopoxvirinae (poxviruses of vertebrates) and Entomopoxvirinae (poxviruses of insects) distinguished on the basis of genetic, antigenic, and morphologic differences as well as host species. http://www.utoronto.ca/virology/bio351/poxv/Poxviruses.html
Previously classified as Amycolata autotrophica,
Pseudonocardia are Bacteria Species associated with infection - of
uncertain clinical significance.
References - Lechevalier, M.P., Prauser, H., Labeda, D.P., Ruan, J.S. (1986).
Two new genera of nocardioform actinomycetes: Amycolata gen. nov. and Amycolatopsis
gen. nov. Int. J. syst. Bacteriol. 36, 29-37. - Warwick, S., Bowen, T., McVeigh,
H., Embley, T.M. (1994). A phylogenetic analysis of the family Pseudonocardiaceae
and the genera Actinokineospora and Saccharothrix with 16S rRNA sequences and
a proposal to combine the genera Amycolata and Pseudonocardia in an emended
genus Pseudonocardia. Int. J. syst. Bacteriol. 44, 293-299. http://freepages.pavilion.net/tetrix/pseudonocardia.html
Arabidopsis thaliana is a small flowering plant that is widely used as a model organism in plant biology. Arabidopsis is a member of the mustard (Brassicaceae) family, which includes cultivated species such as cabbage and radish. Arabidopsis is not of major agronomic significance, but it offers important advantages for basic research in genetics and molecular biology. http://www.arabidopsis.org/info/aboutarabidopsis.html
Archaeoglobus fulgidus Compiled at EMBL-EBI, December 1997. A. f. is a sulphur-metabolizing anaerobic organism. It belongs to the Archaeoglobales, archaeal sulfate reducers unrelated to other sulfate reducers. They grow at extremely high temperatures. Archaeoglobus species causes corrosion of iron and steel in oil and gas processing systems by the production of iron sulphide. More info from TIGR Genome length: 2.17 Mb Reference: Klenk et al., Nature, 390:364-370 (1997) http://jura.ebi.ac.uk:8765/ext-genequiz//genomes/af9712/
Aspergillus is a filamentous, cosmopolitan and ubiquitous fungus
found in nature. It is commonly isolated from soil, plant debris, and indoor
air environment. While teleomorphic state has been described only for some of
the Aspergillus spp., others are accepted to be mitosporic, without any known
sexual spore production.
Aspergillus Species
The genus Aspergillus includes over 185 species. Around 20 species have so far
been reported as causative agents of opportunistic infections in man. Among
these, Aspergillus fumigatus is the most commonly isolated species, followed
by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus
glaucus group, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus,
Aspergillus ustus, and Aspergillus versicolor are among the other species less
commonly isolated as opportunistic pathogens. See the list of obsolete names
and synonyms for older names for these species.
Pathogenicity and Clinical Significance
Aspergillus spp. are well-known to play role in three different clinical settings
in man: (i) opportunistic infections; (ii) allergic states; and (iii) toxicoses.
Immunosuppression is the major factor predisposing to development of opportunistic
infections [620]. These infections may present in a wide spectrum, varying from
local involvement to dissemination and as a whole called as aspergillosis. Among
all filamentous fungi, Aspergillus is in general the most commonly isolated
one in invasive infections. It is the second most commonly recovered fungus
in opportunistic mycoses following Candida.
--Almost any organ or system in human body may be involved. Onychomycosis, sinusitis,
cerebral aspergillosis, meningitis, endocarditis, myocarditis, pulmonary aspergillosis,
osteomyelitis, otomycosis, endophthalmitis, cutaneous aspergillosis, hepatosplenic
aspergillosis, as well as Aspergillus fungemia, and disseminated aspergillosis
may develop [341, 389, 459, 493, 497, 501, 513, 535, 565, 568, 690, 915, 1166,
73]. Nosocomial occurence of aspergillosis due to catheters and other devices
is also likely [828]. Constructions in hospital environment constitute a major
risk for development of aspergillosis in particularly neutropenic patients [812].
--Aspergillus spp. may also be local colonizers in previously developed lung
cavities due to tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, bronchiectasis, pneumoconiosis, ankylosing
spondylitis or neoplasms, presenting as a distinct clinical entity, called aspergilloma
[520, 624]. Aspergilloma may also occur in kidneys [580].
--Some Aspergillus antigens are fungal allergens and may initiate allergic bronchopulmonary
aspergillosis particularly in atopic host [506, 756]. Some Aspergillus spp.
produce various mycotoxins. These mycotoxins, by chronic ingestion, have proven
to possess carcinogenic potential particularly in animals. Among these mycotoxins,
aflatoxin is well-known and may induce hepatocellular carcinoma. It is mostly
produced by Aspergillus flavus and contaminates foodstuff, such as peanut [933].
--Aspergillus spp. can cause infections in animals as well as in man. In birds,
respiratory infections may develop due to Aspergillus. It may induce mycotic
abortion in the cattle and the sheep [1286]. Ingestion of high amounts of aflatoxin
may induce lethal effect in poultry animals fed with grain contaminated with
the toxin.
--Since Aspergillus spp. are found in nature, they are also common laboratory
contaminants. http://www.doctorfungus.org/thefungi/Aspergillus_spp.htm
Azotobacter vinelandii is an aerobic soil-dwelling organism with
a wide variety of metabolic capabilities which include the ability to fix atmospheric
nitrogen by converting it to ammonia. Like Klebsiella pneumoniae it fixes nitrogen
in the free-living state and does not enter into symbioses with plants; a process
typified by the symbiosis between members of the genus Rhizobium and a variety
of leguminous plants. Two features of the biology of Azotobacter make it of
particular interest to scientists studying the nitrogen fixation process.
--Firstly, Azotobacter vinelandii is capable of synthesising not only the molybdenum-containing
nitrogenase enzyme that typifies most diazotrophs including Klebsiella pneumoniae
and Rhizobium leguminosarum, but also two alternative nitrogenases; one in which
vanadium replaces molybdenum and a second which contains neither transition
metal but only iron. This ability to carry out the chemistry of nitrogen reduction
at sites that do not contain molybdenum is of particular importance to chemists
and biochemists investigating the mechanism of biological nitrogen fixation.
The alternative nitrogenases are encoded by distinct structural genes, vnfHDGK
and anfHDGK: the vnfG and anfG genes encoding an extra small subunit not found
in molybdenum nitrogenase. However many of the same ancillary genes e.g. nifUSVWZ
and nifM are used in biosynthesis of all three enzymes.
--Synthesis of the alternative nitrogenases is regulated by availability of
the appropriate metals i.e. molybdenum or vanadium, and expression of each set
of genes is controlled by a specific regulatory protein, the products of the
nifA, vnfA and anfA genes. Interest in this regulation has focussed research
on the mechanisms whereby Azotobacter transports molybdate into the cell and
distinguishes it from similar molecules such as sulphate. This has led to the
dissection of the molybdate transport genes, modEABC and modG of Azotobacter
that have homologues in many other bacteria.
--Secondly, Azotobacter has evolved a number of physiological mechanisms to
allow it to fix nitrogen aerobically despite the inherent oxygen-sensitivity
of nitrogenase. It has uniquely high rates of respiration coupled with specific
cytochromes to ensure that nitrogenase experiences an essentially anoxic environment
despite the fact that energy is being derived from aerobic metabolism. It can
also synthesise a protective 2Fe-2S protein which can bind to nitrogenase in
conditions of oxygen stress to form an oxygen-stable complex that is inactive
but protected from damage.
--Current studies are focussed on the transcriptional regulatory proteins NifA
and NifL (Ray Dixon and Sara Austin), the complex mechanisms underlying the
regulation of the three different nitrogenase systems (Sara Austin and Martin
Drummond), and the molybdenum transport proteins of Azotobacter. More details
of current research projects in this area can be obtained by reference to individual
researchers who work with Azotobacter. http://www.jic.bbsrc.ac.uk/hosting/microbes/Azot.html
Bacillus Bacteria species associated with infection - B.
anthracis, B. cereus, B. circulans, B. coagulans, B. licheniformis,
B. megaterium, B. myroides, B. pumilus, B. sphaericus, B. subtilis,
B. thuringiensis. B. anthracis - the agent of anthrax - Other spp. associated
with - pneumonia, septicaemia, eye infections, meningitis, food poisoning, endocarditis,
bacteraemia, lung infection - reported susceptibilities and treatments - vancomycin,
clindamycin, aminoglycosides, imipenem, penicillin (other spp.)
Notes - other than anthrax (B. anthracis) and food poisoning (especially B.
cereus), infections with Bacillus spp. are rare and poorly known - Bacillus
spp. are common specimen and laboratory contaminants - B. thuringiensis, a biological
insecticide has caused corneal infection - some organisms previously classified
as Bacillus spp. have been reclassified as members of Brevibacillus and Paenibacillus
References - Ihde, D.C., Armstrong, D. (1973). Clinical spectrum of infection
due to Bacillus species. Am. J. Med. 55, 839-845. - Slimans et al. (1987). Serious
infections caused by Bacillus species. Medicine (Balt.). 66, 218-223. - Weber
et al. (1988). In vitro susceptibility of Bacillus spp. to selected antimicrobial
agents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 32, 642-645. - Isaacson et al. (1976).
Pseudotumour of the lung caused by infection with Bacillus sphaericus. J. clin.
Pathol. 29, 806-811. - Samples, J.R., Buettner. (1983). Corneal ulcer caused
by a biological insecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis). Am. J. Ophthalmol. 95,
258-260. - Samples, J.R., Buettner. (1983). Ocular infection caused by a biological
insecticide. J. infect. Dis. 148, 614. - Reller, L.B. (1973). Endocarditis caused
by Bacillus subtilis. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 60, 714-718. http://freepages.pavilion.net/tetrix/bacillus.html
Generally, alkaliphilic Bacillus strains cannot grow or grow poorly under neutral pH conditions, but grow well at pH higher than 9.5. Since 1969, we have isolated a great number of alkaliphilic Bacillus strains from various environments and have purified many alkaline enzymes. Actually, as mentioned above, alkaliphilic bacteria containing Bacillus strains have been isolated from even deep-sea sediment collected at ranging 1,000 to 10,000 m depth at a frequency of 0.2 x 102 to 2.3 x 104 per colonies g-1 dry sea mud. Over the past two decades, our studies have focused on the enzymology, physiology, and molecular genetics of alkaliphilic microorganisms to elucidate their mechanisms of adaptation to alkaline environments. Industrial applications of these microbes have also been investigated and some commercial enzymes from alkaliphilic Bacillus strains have brought great advantages to industry. Thus, it is clear that alkaliphilic Bacillus strains are quite important and interesting not only academically but also industrially. An alkaliphilic bacte-rium, strain C-125 (JCM9153), isolated in 1975, was identified as a member of the genus Bacillus and reported as a b-galactosidase and xylanase producer. It is the most thoroughly characterized strain, physiologically, biochemically, and genetically, among those in our collection of alkaliphilic Bacillus isolates. Recently, this strain was reidentified as Bacillus halodurans based on phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequence and DNA-DNA hybridization analysis. http://www.jamstec.go.jp/jamstec-e/bio/DEEPSTAR/GPR.html
Bacteriophage SPBc2 is a tailed phage, Siphoviridae
Bacteriophage SPP1 is a virus (double-stranded DNA bacteriophage) which infects Bacillus subtillis. http://biocomp.cnb.uam.es/helicases/page8.html
Bordetella bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis
Species associated with respiratory tract infection -whooping cough (B. parapertussis)
Notes - B. bronchiseptica is a zoonosis from dogs and other animals.
References - Dworkin et al. (1999). Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in human
immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clin. infect. Dis. 28, 1095-1099.
- Bergfors et al. (1999). Parapertussis and pertussis: differences and similarities
in incidence, clinical course, and antibody responses. Int. J. infect. Dis.
3, 140-146. http://freepages.pavilion.net/tetrix/bordetella.html
Borrelia burgdorferi Bacteria Species associated with Lyme disease;
tick-borne.
References - Wang, G., van Dam, A.P., Schwartz, I., Dankert, J. (1999). Molecular
typing of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato: taxonomic, epidemiological, and clinical
implications. Clin microbiol Rev. 12, 633-653.106. Fukunaga, M., Okada, K.,
Nakao, M., Konishi, T., Sato, Y. (1996). Phylogenetic analysis of Borrelia species
based on flagellin gene sequences and its application for molecular typing of
Lyme disease borreliae. Int. J. syst. Bacteriol. 46, 898-905. http://freepages.pavilion.net/tetrix/borrelia.html
Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel x grapevine Sclerotinia
fuckeliana (de Bary) Fuckel Mycologia, ASCOMYCOTINA, HELOTIALES, SCLEROTINIACEAE
.
Crops attacked: grapevine .
Common Names : Grey rot, Always present once the conditions are favourable
(high humidity, deficient aeration and suitable temperatures).
Identification The conidiophores and conidia form a greyish mould on the affected
organs; the sclerotia are easily visible as black pustules that appear in the
elongated spots in the shoots, in autumn. The fungus can be isolated and grown
in artificial nutritive media.
Description Necrotic spots triangular in shape formed at the edge of
the leaves; brown elongated spots, in the young shoots (that may break), turning
black at the maturation due to the formation of sclerotia; total or partial
destruction of the bunches before flowering and later on, infection through
the wounds, by contact between berries or by infection of the rachis and peduncule.
Biology The fungus may overwinter as a saprophyte in dead plant organs
or in the bud scales mainly as sclerotia. The infection takes place from these,
forming new mycelium and conidia which will germinate in the young shoots, leaves
and bunches (direct infection) or through wounds or dead organs (floral pieces)
; in maturing bunches, infection takes place through the wounds or by contact
between berries. In autumn, the unripened shoots show elongated whitish spots,
producing black sclerotia.
Epidemiology The infection takes place after the bud bursting under high
humidity conditions and suitable temperatures (15-20 °C.) ; deficient aeration
(dense vegetation) is very favourable to the disease development. The ascospores
and conidia, particularly from infected ripen bunches, may be carried by the
wind or insects.
Treatement Good aeration of the crops. Chemical preventive measures with
appropriate fungicides, at the beginning of the vegetation (protection of young
shoots) and at the maturation (protection of the bunches).
Possible misleading The spots caused by Plasmopara viticola , particularly
in the tender organs, either shoots, leaves or young bunches but, on those spots
appears a white grainy pubescence, whereas in B. cinerea the pubescence is dusty,
greyish and the leaf spots are usually triangular near the edges. http://www.inra.fr/Internet/Produits/HYP3/pathogene/6botci8.htm
Bovine adenoviruses (BAV) are classified into nine serotypes
(species) so far. These nine serotypes are divided into two subgroups mainly
on the basis of replication in either calf kindney or testicle cells (subgroup
I, serotypes 1-3 and 9) or only in testicle cells (subgroup II, serotypes 4-8).
The two subgroups also differ in their antigenic properties. The distribution
of BAV in cattle populations is worldwide. Serological evidence suggests a high
incidence of infection. Adenovirus are generally present in large herds. Viruses
are excreted by different forms of shedding and by coughing. Infection occurs
most frequently when calves are 3 weeks to 4 months old. In Diseased calves
respiratory and enteric symptoms, fever and anorexia can be observed. The disease
usually starts with respiratory and enteric symptoms, fever and anorexia can
be observed. The disease usually starts with respiratory symptoms. Serous excretions
from the nose and conjonctivae are accompanied by coughing. Enteric infection
becomes manifest by salivation and thin, greyish-yellow feces. The disease can
be aggravated by secondary bacterial infections.
--For the diagnosis of the disease, paired serum samples should be taken from
calves and tested by ELISA method. If no acute disease is observed but infection
of the herd is suspected, a serological survey can be performed. In this case,
single serum samples are collected from adult animals representing 5-10% of
the herd. Bovine adenovirus 3 Elisa kit is subgroup-specific and
can only immune response against subgroup I bovine adenovirus. http://www.diagnostics.be/producten/veterinary/VB013.htm
The genus Caulobacter consists of a group of Gram-negative, rod-like
cells that are flagellated in a polar manner. These organisms are heterotrophic
aerobes - they require oxygen and organic carbon sources. They possess a stalk,
an organ by which they attach to solid substrates. This stalk is a physical
outgrowth of the cell. These organisms are frequently seen in aquatic environments
attached to particulate matter, plant materials or other microorganisms. Caulobacter
crescentus is an alpha-purple aquatic bacterium found in all types of
water sources, including lakes, streams, sea water, waste water, and even bottled
spring water.
--The use of the dimorphic bacterium C. crescentus as an experimental
organism to study the mechanisms behind regulation of the bacterial cell cycle
stems from its unique differential type of cellular division. It involves a
process of unequal binary fission. Each cell division produces two different
cell types- a motile, flagellum- bearing cell called a "swarmer" cell, and a
"stalked", sessile cell. The flagellated cell swims around and settles on a
new surface when an adequate supply of nutrients is detected. Thereafter, the
erstwhile "swarmer" cell forms a stalk at the formerly flagellated pole. Stalk
formation is a necessary precursor for cell division. Thus, each cell type in
the Caulobacter life cycle possesses a distinct function. Swarmer cells
ensure rapid dispersal and the ability to locate new nutrient resources, while
the stalked cell form permits the bacterium to adhere to surfaces at locations
where nutrients are plentiful and also allows cellular proliferation to occur.
http://www.bio.cmu.edu/Courses/03441/TermPapers/99TermPapers/Caulo/intro.html
Relative to other regions of the world such as western North America and Europe, distinguishing plantation forestry and natural forest management regimes in Japan is relatively straightforward. Almost exclusively, Japanese plantations are planted conifer stands dominated by one of three principal species: sugi (Cryptomeria japonica), hinoki [cypress] (Chameacyparis obtusa) and matsu (Pinus species) with other species such as Larix kaempfer, Abies sachalinensis and Picea jezoensis. All of the principal planted conifierous species are indigenous to the Japanese archipelago. However, hinoki and sugi are generally planted outside of their natural range. Although their natural distribution is limited to the North Japan, they have planted all over South Japan for the past century, where soil conditions are conducive. They produce high quality timber, they are subject to no fatal diseases or insects or fungi, they can be planted in high density without degrading soundness of stands, they are very easy to propagate, they have very long life span when alive, and also have very long durability after harvest. In short, there are very few tree species in the world that lend themselves to plantation forestry as do sugi and hinoki in Japan. http://homepage2.nifty.com/fujiwara_studyroom/kadai2/hayami/SCS_Regional_Stand-Japan-HTML.html; http://www.hachmann.de/sorte_nadel/he_nana.htm
Silverleaf (Chondrostereum purpureum) is a fungal disease that attacks deciduous trees and shrubs including apples, pears, cherries, plums, peaches, apricots, nashi, berryfruit, poplars, willows, silver birches, eucalypts and roses. The fungus can easily move between the different host plants. For example, silverleaf on peach trees can also infect apple trees. http://www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/hortfacts/hf205015.htm
Chlamydia Taxa associated with infection - C. trachomatis - includes
18 serovars clustered in 2 biovars ("trachoma" and "lymphogranuloma venereum")
Reported infections - trachoma, genital infection, neonatal infection, lymphogranuloma
venereum Reported susceptibilities and treatments - erythromycin, tetracycline,
azithromycin Organisms previously classified as Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia
psittaci have been reclassified as Chlamydophila spp. References - Everett,
K.D.E., Bush, R.M., Andersen, A.A. (1999). Emended description of the order
Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam.
nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae,
including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification
of organisms. Int. J. syst. Bact. 49, 415-440. http://freepages.pavilion.net/tetrix/chlamydia.html
Chlamydia muridarum - agent of mouse pneumonitis http://www.dkfz-heidelberg.de/tbi/services/taxon/getinfo?83560
Chlamydophila: C. abortus (previously Chlamydia psittaci)
- Bacteria associated with abortion following contact with infected ruminants
C. pneumoniae (previously Chlamydia pneumoniae) -Bacteria
associated with chest infection - tetracycline reported as therapeutic agent
- infections in humans associated with biovar TWAR
References - Everett, K.D.E., Bush, R.M., Andersen, A.A. (1999). Emended description
of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae
fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family
Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for
the identification of organisms. Int. J. syst. Bact. 49, 415-440. http://freepages.pavilion.net/tetrix/chlamydophila.html
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides f. sp. malvae (C.g.m.) is a virulent, endemic fungal disease causing anthracnose (stem and leaf lesions) on round-leaved mallow (Malva pusilla Sm.), an important annual weed. It was registered in 1992 as a "mycoherbicide", the first in Canada, by Philom Bios Inc. of Saskatoon, SK under the tradename ŚBioMal', but was not marketed. The fungus is now being developed by Encore Technologies Inc. of Minnetonka, MN and for market in 2001 as ŚMallet W.P.' in both the U.S.A. and Canada. The fungus is endemic in SK, MN, and NS, but likely occurs in North America wherever its host is common. http://res2.agr.ca/lethbridge/weedbio/agents/acolglom.htm
Japanese cryptomeria Taxodiaceae Cryptomeria japonica
Leaf: Evergreen, awl-shaped, spirally arranged; 1/2 to 3/4 inch long,
curving inward toward twig; green (may be bronze or brown in winter) persistent
for several years.
Flower: Monoecious; females round, light green, with loose scales; males
light brown, appearing from leaf axils near branch tips; appearing in early
spring.
Fruit: Round cone, 1 inch across, numerous sharp pointed scales giving
it a spiny appearance; reddish brown.
Twig: Moderately stout and green for several years, drooping.
Bark: Attractive, vertically peeling in strips, reddish brown.
Form: Upright tree with a narrow crown; typically one straight trunk;
finer branches drooping; can reach heights of 60 feet. http://www.fw.vt.edu/dendro/dendrology/syllabus/key/..%5Ccjaponic.htm;
http://bluehen.ags.udel.edu/udbg/conifers/descriptions/c_japonica.html
Cupressus sempervirens Common Names Mediterranean cypress, common
cypress, Italian cypress.
A tree 20-30 m in height. Trunk straight. Bark thin, smooth and gray for quite
a long time, later becoming gray-brown and longitudinally furrowed. Shoots radiating
in all directions, about 1 mm in diameter, round or quadrangular. Leaves scale-like,
decussate, small, ovate, obtuse, dark green, with a dorsal gland in the shape
of longitudinal furrow. Flowers appear early in spring. Cones on short stalk,
glossy, brown to gray, pendulous, globose to elliptic, 2-3 cm long, composed
of 8 to 14 opposite scales, with concave to flat apophysis, with a small central
umbo and a point. Seeds 8-20 to each fertile scale, brown, flattened, minute,
without resin blisters, narrowly winged. Cotyledons usually 2. http://www.geocities.com/~earlecj/cu/cup/sempervirens.htm;
http://www.peds.arizona.edu/allergyimmunology/southwest/trees_shrubs/italcypress.htm
Deinococcus radiodurans s a gram-positive bacterium that is extremely resistant to both oxidative stress and ionizing radiation. The complete genome sequence of the radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans R1 is composed of two chromosomes (2,648,638 and 412,348 base pairs), a megaplasmid (177,466 base pairs), and a small plasmid (45,704 base pairs), yeilding a total genome of 3,284,156 base pairs. Multiple components distributed on the chromosomes and megaplasmid that contribute to the ability of D. radiodurans to survive under conditions of starvation, oxidative stress, and high amounts of DNA damage were identified. D. radiodurans represents an organism in which all systems for DNA repair, DNA damage export, dessication and starvation recovery, and genetic redundancy are present in one cell. Last modified on: November 22, 1999 http://www.tigr.org/tdb/CMR/gdr/htmls/Background.html; http://jura.ebi.ac.uk:8765/ext-genequiz//genomes/dr0004/
Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMGifs/Genomes/7227.html
Ectocarpus siliculosus virus infects marine microalgae. http://marinemicro.nuigalway.ie/virusws/abstracts/oral/muller.html; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ICTV/overview/dsdna.html
Gallus gallus is a chicken, no really, it literally is a chicken. Under this species is the red junglefowl and the Dominique chicken. http://www.scz.org/animals/c/chicken2.html; http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/gallus/g._gallus.html
Soybean, Glycine max, is an extremely important crop now throughout the world. It has trifoliate (ternate) leaves with broadly elliptic leaflets. http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Glycine/a1037tx.html; http://www.scisoc.org/ismpmi/common/names/soybean.htm