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Course Summary Learning Objectives Who Should Attend Course Topics Course
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Liquid Transportation Fuels from Biomass: Technology and Policy Considerations [PI.75s]

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Date: June 16-20, 2008 | Tuition: $3,900 | Continuing Education Units (CEUs): 3.0

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* Course schedule, registration times, special events

Course Summary

To have a measurable impact on energy security, greenhouse gas emissions, and alleviate the food-fuel competition, biofuel production must use renewable cellulosic biomass as feedstock. This course will examine state of the art technologies aiming at cost effective biomass conversion along with economics, environmental impact, and policy issues. Both biological and thermochemical methods for the conversion of biomass to biofuels are considered. The course will be of value to individual engineers and scientists interested in the technologies of the developing field of biofuels, as well as managers and policymakers.

Learning Objectives

1. Recognize the potential of biomass for biofuels production, as well as its challenges.
2. Explain biofuels in the context of carbon emission mitigation and the future of transportation fuels.
3. Describe the basic steps in the overall conversion chain from biomass to liquid fuels.
4. Understand chemical and biological processes for biomass deconstruction and fuel synthesis.
5. Comprehend the state of the art of each of the above steps, and review the key challenges for their further development in an economical process.
6. Analyze different technical approaches to meet some of these challenges, including hybrid chemical-biological processes.
7. Describe end-to-end system approaches to tackle complexities in the biomass to biofuels chain.
8. Achieve an in-depth understanding of Metabolic Engineering as an enabling technology for constructing pathways leading to biofuel synthesis.
9. Evaluate different approaches for the production of biofuels from biomass.
10. Compare the different biofuels alternatives and their economic and technical possibilities.
11. Discuss politics, policy and incentives for the biofuels economy.
12. Examine the past and assess the future of biofuels around the world.

Specific Knowledge

• Plant Science
• Enzymology, Enzymatic Hydrolysis, and Fermentation Processes
• Metabolic Engineering: science and applications
• Complete Bioprocess Engineering of biomass-to-biofuels conversion
• Life Cycle Analysis
• Thermochemical Processes for biomass conversion

Broader Perspective

• Economic and environmental impact of biofuels from biomass
• Possibilities and challenges of current biofuels technologies
• Potential and issues of alternative biofuels production technologies
• Policy and incentive considerations
• Biofuels alternatives and their potential
• World perspective for biofuel

Who Should Attend

This course is designed for industrial personnel and research managers. In addition, academics contemplating the introduction of courses on biomass processing will benefit from its content. The course also addresses issues of processes and new technology that could be of interest to individuals involved in the protection of intellectual property. Specifically the following groups will find the course of value:

• Engineers, chemists, and biologists interested in biofuels and bioenergy from biomass.
• Bioprocess engineers and scientists of current chemical and biotechnological companies, as well as startup ventures, engaged in the development of chemical and biochemical processes for biomass conversion.
• Managers responsible for integrating biomass feedstock supply with biomass deconstruction processes, fermentation, and downstream biofuels processing.
• Legal personnel and policymakers with interest in the development and protection of intellectual property and broader policy issues regarding pricing, market development, and international commerce of biofuels.

Course Topics

• Drivers for the introduction of alternative fuels
• Security, cost and environmental considerations
• CO2, carbon sequestration and the impact of biofuels
• Review of current processes for biofuel production from biomass
• Economic Models: Costing of current and future processes for biofuel production from biomass
• Biomass Availability
• Models of biomass concentration and utilization
• Plant Sciences: Improving biomass yield & properties for easier processing and conversion
• Pretreatment of Biomass
• Enzymatic Hydrolysis:
  • Processes & alternatives
  • Engineering new enzymes
• Fermentation – Processes and alternatives
  • E. Coli
  • Yeast
  • Zymomonas
• Metabolic Engineering
• Complete Bioprocess Engineering and Life Cycle Analysis
• Biomass Gasification & Liquefaction
• Fischer-Tropsch Catalysis
• Aqueous Processing of Sugars
• Bio-Diesel and other alternative liquid fuels
• Policy and Politics of biofuels
• Biofuels around the world: Brazil, India and China

Course Schedule, registration times, and special events

Class runs 8:30 am - 5:30 pm every day except Friday when it ends
at 12:00 noon.

Registration is on Monday morning from 7:45 - 8:15 am.

Special events include a reception for course participants and faculty on Monday night and a dinner on Thursday evening. All evening activities are included in tuition.

About The Lecturers

Gregory Stephanopoulos
Dr. Gregory Stephanopoulos received his degrees in Chemical Engineering (B.S.: NTU Athens, M.S.: University of Florida, Ph.D.: University of Minnesota, 1978). He taught at Caltech from 1978 to 1985, after which he was appointed Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT. He served as Associate Director of the Biotechnology Process Engineering Center (1990-97) and is currently the Taplin Professor of HST (2001-present), Instructor of Bioengineering at Harvard Medical School (1997-present), and the W. H. Dow Professor of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at MIT.

Professor Stephanopoulos' current research focuses on metabolic engineering, the engineering of microbes for the production of fuels and chemicals. He has co-authored or edited five books, ~290 papers, and twenty-five patents, and supervised fifty graduate and forty post-doctoral students. He is presently the editor-in-chief of Metabolic Engineering and serves on the Editorial Boards of seven scientific journals and the Advisory Boards of five Chemical Engineering departments. He has been recognized with numerous awards including, the Dreyfus Award, Excellence in Teaching Award from Caltech, AIChE Technical Achievement Award, PYI Award, AIChE-FPBE Division Award, M.J. Johnson Award of ACS, Merck Award in Metabolic Engineering, C. Thom Award of SIM, the R.H. Wilhelm Award in Chemical Reaction Engineering of AIChE, and the Founders Award of AIChE. In 2002 he was elected to the AIChE Board of Directors, in 2003 to the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), and 2005 he was awarded an honorary doctorate degree (doctor technices honoris causa) by the Technical University of Denmark.

Professor Stephanopoulos has taught undergraduate and graduate courses of the core of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology at Caltech and MIT and co-authored the first textbook on Metabolic Engineering.

Professor Stephanopoulos discusses the future of biofuels in an MIT News article--click here to read the article.

Richard Elander
Rick joined the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) in 1991 as a process engineer and is currently the Team Leader for Biomass Pretreatment Research and Development in the Biotechnology Division for Fuels and Chemicals. He has expertise in biomass conversion processes, including biomass pretreatment and thermochemical hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, equipment design, pilot-scale engineering and operations, and process economic analysis. He has also been involved in several industrial collaboration projects, including New Energy Company of Indiana, which was the recipient of a prestigious R&D 100 Award in 1993. Rick will be the NREL technical leader of a recently-awarded $38MM, 4 year collaborative project involving DuPont, Diversa Corporation, John Deere, Michigan State University, and NREL to develop an integrated corn-based biorefinery.

Prior to joining NREL, Rick was a process development engineer at Genencor International Inc. At Genencor, Rick worked on processes for the production and recovery of several industrial enzymes, including cellulase. Rick holds a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pennsylvania and a M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Colorado.

Jim Hettenhaus
Mr. Hettenhaus is a recognized expert in many areas of biorefining operations including feedstock supply and downstream biomass and chemical processing. He has many years of experience leading large operations and the start-up of three companies. Mr. Hettenhaus co-founded cea Inc. in 1993, a consulting firm that specializes in commercializing biotechnology (www.ceassist.com). Since 1995, Mr. Hettenhaus has successfully led projects for national laboratories and private clients, including assessing cellulase enzyme improvements; evaluating the next generation needs for biological organisms used to produce sugars from biomass; defining innovative methods for sustainable harvesting, transporting and storing cellulosic biomass feedstock; as well as evaluating biorefinery siting and the "sugar platform" possibilities for production of chemicals, fuels and materials from cellulosic biomass. Recently PureVision announced the addition of Mr. James R. Hettenhaus to its Board of Directors.

Henry (Jake) Jacoby
Henry (Jake) Jacoby is a Professor of Management at the MIT Sloan School of Management and co-director of MIT’s Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. An expert on global environmental issues, Henry Jacoby directs a program devoted to integrated analysis of the threat of global climate change. The program considers both the natural and social science aspects of global climate change, as well as the policy and management studies needed to support the development, negotiation, and implementation of a domestic and global response.

Steve Long
Steve Long is a Professor of Crop Sciences, a Robert Emerson Professor, and Resident Scientist for the National Center for Supercomputing Applications. His lab integrates molecular and biochemical studies with physiological studies of photosynthesis, using state-of-the-art and custom built gas-exchange, fluorescence and controlled environment instrumentation. Much of the work involves developing and testing hypotheses on plant environmental responses under controlled conditions and then testing these in large scale multi-partner field facilities.

Gregory McRae
Gregory McRae is the Bayer Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT. Professor McRae's research interests include: atmospheric processes responsible for oxidant formation; acid deposition and global climate; particulate dynamics, chemical transport and transformations in multimedia environments; physical and chemical processes occurring in the environment; process design and operating procedures that can incorporate multiple objectives including economic considerations, environment performance, safety, control and product quality; and chemistries and molecular systems that avoid the occurrence of environmental problems.

Ernest J. Moniz
Ernest J. Moniz is a Professor of Physics and the Cecil and Ida Green Distinguished Professor at MIT, where he has served on the faculty since 1973. Professor Moniz served as Under Secretary of the Department of Energy from October 1997 until January 2001. He also served from 1995 to 1997 as Associate Director for Science in the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the Executive Office of the President, where his responsibilities spanned the physical, life, and social and behavioral sciences, science education, and university-government partnerships. At MIT, Professor Moniz served as Head of the Department of Physics and as Director of the Bates Linear Accelerator Center. His principal research contributions have been in theoretical nuclear physics, particularly in advancing nuclear reaction theory at high energy.

Professor Moniz received a B.S. in physics from Boston College, a doctorate in theoretical physics from Stanford University, and honorary doctorates from the University of Athens and the University of Erlangen-Nurenburg. He is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Humboldt Foundation, and the American Physical Society and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Professor Moniz received the 1998 Seymour Cray HPCC Industry Recognition Award for vision and leadership in advancing scientific simulation.

Kristala Jones Prather
Kristala Jones Prather is the Joseph R. Mares (1924) Career Development Assistant Professor in the MIT Department of Chemical Engineering. Professor Prather's research interests include: metabolic engineering, biochemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, and synthetic biology.

Jefferson Tester
Jefferson Tester is the H. P. Meissner Professor of Chemical Engineering at MIT. Professor Tester's research interests include: environmental remediation and control technology; chemical processes in supercritical fluids; technologies for renewable and geothermal energy systems; and gas hydrates in natural environments.

George W. Huber
George W. Huber is the John and Elizabeth Armstrong Professional Development Professor of Chemical Engineering at University of Massachusetts-Amherst. His research focus is on Breaking the Chemical and Engineering Barriers to Lignocellulosic Biofuels. He has authored over 25 peer-reviewed publications including two papers in Science and three articles in Angewandte Chemie International Edition. Three different companies (Virent, KiOR and Renewable Oil International) are commercializing biofuel technology that George has developed. He is currently working as a consultant on biofuels for Conoco-Phillips, BP, Khosla Ventures, United Technologies and KiOR. His discovery of Raney-NiSn catalyst for hydrogen production from biomass-derived oxygenates was named as one of top 50 technology breakthroughs of 2003 by Scientific American.

George is currently working with governmental and industrial institutions to help make cellulosic biofuels a reality. In June 2007, he chaired an NSF and DOE workshop entitled, "Breaking the Chemical and Engineering Barriers to Lignocellulosic Biofuels" (www.ecs.umass.edu/biofuels/). This workshop brought together leaders in academia, industry, national labs and governmental agencies to provide a unified national roadmap as to how to make lignocellulosic biofuels a practical reality. Prior to his appointment at UMass-Amherst, George did a post-doctoral stay with Avelino Corma at the Technical Chemical Institute at the Polytechnical University of Valencia, Spain (UPV-CSIC) where he studied bio-fuels production using petroleum refining technologies. He obtained his Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from University of Wisconsin-Madison (2005) where he helped develop aqueous-phase catalytic processes for biofuels production under the guidance of James A. Dumesic. He obtained his B.S. (1999) and M.S. (2000) degrees from Brigham Young University, where he studied Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis under the direction of Calvin H. Bartholomew.

Robert J. Johnsen
Robert J. Johnsen is President, Chief Executive Officer, and Co-Founder of Promethegen Corporation, Cambridge, MA, a new biofuels technology company. Mr. Johnsen brings to Promethegen his broad senior management and entrepreneurial experience as CEO of two biofuels companies, and co-founder of one of them, with his prior experience as a senior investment banker. His work in the space started in 1994 on behalf of an investment banking client, BC International Corp., a groundbreaking cellulosic ethanol technology company, for which he became a board member and later its EVP / CFO, and in 2002, its President and CEO. Mr. Johnsen raised over $60 million from private and Federal government sources from its development stage beginnings to the closing of a recapitalization and investment led by four prominent venture capital firms. He was responsible for the Company’s efforts to complete a $100 + million project financing of what would have been the world’s first industrial-scale cellulosic ethanol biorefinery. The company changed its name to Celunol Corp and in 2007 announced its $150 million merger into Diversa Corp. Upon its completion, the merged company was renamed Verenium Corporation (Nasdaq: VRNM). In 2005, Mr. Johnsen was the founder and initial President and CEO of another cellulosic ethanol company, Mascoma Corporation, for which he brought together the scientific team from Dartmouth College and raised the Series A round of equity financing. Mascoma has subsequently raised an additional $65 million in equity and received a $14.8 million grant from the State of New York and a $26 million grant from the DOE to help finance the construction of its first cellulosic ethanol production facilities. Private Equity Analyst magazine named Mascoma its 2006 “Deal of the Year.”

Mr. Johnsen has been a speaker at numerous industry conferences, represented his companies with industry organizations and played a key role in including hundreds of millions of dollars in incentives, loan guarantees and grants for ethanol, and cellulosic ethanol in particular, into the Energy Policy Act of 2005. For over 25 years he was an investment banker, completing over $3 billion in financings in over 100 transactions, primarily in private placements of debt and equity, and asset and energy project finance, as Managing Director – Head of Private Placements at Dain Rauscher Wessels, as President of Johnsen Wallace, Inc., as Vice President of Lehman Brothers and at other major institutions including the Bank of America and Chase Manhattan Bank. Mr. Johnsen earned a bachelors degree from Baruch College of the CUNY and a M.B.A. from New York University’s Stern School of Business.