MOTILITY OF DENDRITIC SPINES IN THE DEVELOPING MOUSE VISUAL CORTEX IN VIVO
Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
Dendritic spines are the postsynaptic elements of most excitatory synapses in the mammalian cortex. Spine morphology allows the restriction of biochemical environments to single synapses, allowing synapse-specific regulation. Spine shape, however, is highly dynamic. Morphological changes in spines are developmentally regulated and sensitive to sensory deprivation. This suggests that spine motility may be important for synaptic plasticity and circuit development. We have examined spine motility in vivo in the visual cortex of transgenic mice expressing GFP. Spines on apical dendrites of layer 5 neurons were imaged through a craniotomy using a two-photon microscope in anaesthetized animals. To examine the effect of age and sensory experience, spine shape was monitored by time lapse imaging for a period of 2 hours. At the ages we studied (P21-P42), we observed significant changes in spine shape on a time scale of tens of minutes. At these ages most of the dendritic protrusions have spine-like morphologies, although some filopodia are also observed. We did not observe significant changes in spine number, i.e., the appearance of new spines or the disappearance of existing spines, during the imaging period. We are also examining the effects of binocular visual deprivation on spine motility during the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity in the visual cortex. Our data to date suggest that spines in visually deprived animals also undergo substantial motility.
Supported by: Whiteman Fellowship (AM) and NIH Grant EY11512.