07/25/87 login, l Syntax: l Person_id{.Project_id} {-control_args} Function: gives you access to the system. It is a request to the answering service to start your identification procedure and then either create a process for you or connect the terminal to your disconnected process. The command line can be up to 300 characters long. Arguments: Person_id is your registered personal identifier, which can be replaced by a registered "login alias" if you have one. Project_id is the identification of your project. If you don't give it, the default project associated with the Person_id is used. (See -change_default_project.) List of general control arguments: The following are permitted in any use of the login command: -brief, -bf suppresses messages associated with a successful login except the ones indicating that you have incorrectly specified your password and the ones indicating all your login attempts with the same Person_id. If you are using the standard process overseer, the message of the day is not printed. -change_default_auth, -cda changes your registered default login authorization to the one specified by -authorization. If you give a valid authorization, the default authorization is changed for subsequent logins and the message "default authorization changed" is printed. If you give -cda without -authorization, an error message is printed. -change_default_project, -cdp changes your default project to the Project_id specified on this login request line. The default Project_id is changed for subsequent logins, and the message "default project changed" is printed. If you specify -cdp without a Project_id, an error message is printed. -change_password, -cpw changes your password to a new one. The login request asks for the old password before it requests the new one, twice, to verify the spelling. If you don't type it the same way both times, the login and the password change are refused. If the old password is correct, the new one replaces the old for subsequent logins and the message "password changed" is printed. Don't type the new password as part of the control argument. (See "Notes on Passwords" below.) -generate_password, -gpw changes your password to a new one, generated for you by the system. The login request asks for the old password first; then, a new password is generated and typed on your terminal. You are asked to retype the new password, to verify having seen it. If you type it correctly, it replaces the old for subsequent logins and the message "password changed" is printed. If you mistype it, the login and password change are refused. -long, -lg reverses the effect of -brief, or the brief attribute in the project definition table (see the MAM Project, AK51). -modes STR, -mode STR, -md STR sets the I/O modes associated with your terminal to STR, where STR consists of modes acceptable to the tty_ I/O module (see the set_tty command). STR is usually a list of modes separated by commas; it must not contain blanks. (See "Examples.") -no_print_off, -npf overtypes a string of characters to provide a black area for you to type the password. -no_warning, -nw suppresses even urgent system warning messages and emergency messages from the operator, both at login and during your session. Give this argument when using a remote computer to simulate a terminal or when typing out long memoranda, when the process output should not be interrupted by even serious messages. -print_off, -pf suppresses overtyping for the password. (Default: depends on the terminal type) -terminal_id STR, -tid STR sets your terminal identification to STR. This control argument is illegal if the site has specified answerback checking. -terminal_type STR, -ttp STR sets your terminal type to STR, where STR is any terminal type name defined in the standard terminal type table. This control argument overrides the default terminal type. -warning reverses the effect of -no_warning, or the no_warning attribute in the project definition table (see the MAM Project, AK51). List of control arguments for process creation: Use the following when requesting the creation of a new process. -arguments STR, -ag STR supplies arguments to the process; STR can be one or more arguments. If you use -arguments, put it last because everything following it on the command line is taken as arguments to the process. The process can determine the number and value of each argument with the login_args active function. -authorization STR, -auth STR sets the authorization of the process to that specified by STR; STR is a character string composed of level and category names for the desired authorization, separated by commas. STR cannot contain any embedded blank or tab characters. (The short names for each level and category always contain no blanks or tabs, and can be used whenever the corresponding long names contain blanks or tabs.) STR must represent an authorization that is less than or equal to the maximum authorization of Person_id on the Project_id. If -authorization is omitted, your registered default login authorization is used. (See the Programmer's Reference Manual for more information about process authorizations.) -force logs you in, provided you have the guaranteed login attribute. Only system users who perform emergency repair functions have the necessary attribute. -home_dir path, -hd path sets your home directory to the path specified if your project administrator allows it. -no_save_on_disconnect, -nosave logs your process out instead of saving it if it is disconnected from its login terminal. This control argument is used to override a default of -save if that default has been set by your project administrator. -no_preempt, -np does not log you in if you might preempt somebody in this user's load control group. -no_start_up, -ns instructs the standard process overseer not to execute your start_up.ec segment if the project administrator allows it. -outer_module path, -om path attaches your terminal via the outer module named path rather than your registered outer module if you are allowed. -process_overseer path, -po path sets your process overseer to the procedure given by path if your project administrator allows it. If path ends in the characters ",direct", the specified procedure is called directly during process initialization rather than by the standard system-provided procedure. This means that the program used by path must perform the tasks that would have been performed by the standard procedure. The combined length of the -po and -ss character strings must be less than 64 characters. -ring N, -rg N sets your initial ring to N if this ring number is greater than or equal to your registered initial ring and less than your registered maximum ring. -save_on_disconnect, -save saves your process if it is disconnected from its login terminal because of a communications line hangup or FNP crash. Your project administrator gives permission to use the process-saving facility and to enable it by default. (See -nosave and the save_on_disconnect and no_save_on_disconnect commands.) -subsystem path, -ss path creates your process using the prelinked subsystem in the directory specified by path if your project administrator allows it. To override a default subsystem specified by the project administrator, type -ss "". List of control arguments for disconnected processes: Use the following to specify the disposition of disconnected processes (see "Notes on Disconnected Processes" below): -connect {N} connects the terminal to your disconnected process. If more than one such process exists, indicate the process number N. -create creates a new process without destroying any disconnected ones. This is permitted only if you are allowed to have multiple interactive processes. -destroy {N} destroys your disconnected process and logs out. If more than one such process exists, specify the process number N. -immediate bypasses termination of the existing process by the trm_ IPS signal (which causes running of finish and epilogue handlers in the existing process) and instead tells the hardcore to destroy the existing process immediately. -list lists your disconnected process, its number, the time of the original login, and the ID of the channel and terminal that were last connected to the process. -new_proc {N} destroys your disconnected process and creates a new one. If more than one such process exists, give the process number N. Notes: Unless you already have one or more processes, login creates a process for you. The load control mechanism is consulted to determine if the creation of your process overloads either the system or your load control group. If the mechanism allows it, a process is created for you and the terminal is connected to it (i.e., the terminal is placed under that process's control). (See "List of Control Arguments for Process Creation" above.) You might have a disconnected process because of a phone line hangup or an FNP crash. Then, you can choose among the following alternatives: connecting the terminal to the process; destroying the disconnected process, with or without creating a new one; or logging out without affecting the disconnected process (see "List of Control Arguments for Disconnected Processes" above and "Notes on Disconnected Processes" below). If you specify neither -pf nor -npf at log-in, the system chooses the option most appropriate for your terminal type. Several parameters of your process, as noted above, can be controlled by your project administrator; for example, allowing you to override attributes by specifying control arguments on the login line. If the project administrator does not allow you to use -hd -om, -po, -rg, -save, or -ss or does allow you to give one or more of them and you specify them incorrectly, a message is printed and the login is refused. Notes on passwords: The login request asks you for a password and ensures either that the password does not appear on your terminal or that it is thoroughly hidden in a string of cover-up characters. The password is a string of one to eight characters, which can be any character from the ASCII character set (including the backspace) except space and semicolon. The password used for interactive logins cannot be "quit", "help", "HELP", or "?" because these have special meaning to the password processor. Typing "quit" terminates the login attempt; "help", "HELP", or "?" produces an explanatory message and repeats the request for the password. After you type the password the answering service looks up the Person_id, the Project_id, and the password in its tables and verifies that the Person_id and the Project_id are valid, that you are a legal user of the project, and that the password given matches the registered password. If these tests succeed, you are logged in. Notes on disconnected processes: If your project administrator allows it, your process can be preserved when it becomes disconnected from its terminal. You can call back any time before the installation-defined maximum inactive time and ask to be reconnected. This feature is controlled by -save and -nosave; your project administrator sets the default. If your project administrator allows you to have several interactive processes simultaneously, you can have more than one disconnected process. Multiple disconnected processes are numbered consecutively starting with 1, in the order of their login times. Use these process numbers as arguments when referring to one of a set of multiple disconnected processes. The number and login time of each is printed by -list or the "list" request. You can, however, anticipate the number and use it with a control argument. The time listed and sorted on is the time of the original login from which the process is descended; this time is not affected by new_proc or reconnection. List of requests for disconnected processes: If you do not specify on the login line what to do with the disconnected processes, you are told of the disconnected processes and given these choices: connect {N} to connect the terminal to a disconnected process create to create an additional process destroy {N} {-control_args} to destroy a disconnected process and log out help to print a description of these options list to list your disconnected processes logout {-control_args} to log out without affecting any process new_proc {N} {-control_args} to destroy a disconnected process, create a new one with the same attributes, and connect the terminal to it. When issued from a logged-in but disconnected terminal, the help request explains these options, not how to log in. List of control arguments for disconnected process requests: -hold, -hd prevents the breaking of the connection between the terminal and the answering service. You can use it only with destroy and logout. (Default) -immediate bypasses termination of the existing process by the trm_ IPS signal (which causes running of finish and epilogue handlers in the existing process) and instead tells the hardcore to destroy the existing process immediately. You can use it only with destroy and new_proc. -no_hold, -nhd drops the connection. You can use it only with destroy and logout. ----------------------------------------------------------- Historical Background This edition of the Multics software materials and documentation is provided and donated to Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Group BULL including BULL HN Information Systems Inc. as a contribution to computer science knowledge. This donation is made also to give evidence of the common contributions of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, General Electric, Honeywell Information Systems Inc., Honeywell BULL Inc., Groupe BULL and BULL HN Information Systems Inc. to the development of this operating system. Multics development was initiated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project MAC (1963-1970), renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the mid 1970s, under the leadership of Professor Fernando Jose Corbato. Users consider that Multics provided the best software architecture for managing computer hardware properly and for executing programs. Many subsequent operating systems incorporated Multics principles. Multics was distributed in 1975 to 2000 by Group Bull in Europe , and in the U.S. by Bull HN Information Systems Inc., as successor in interest by change in name only to Honeywell Bull Inc. and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. . ----------------------------------------------------------- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these programs and their documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the below copyright notice and historical background appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and historical background and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of MIT, HIS, BULL or BULL HN not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the programs without specific prior written permission. Copyright 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by BULL HN Information Systems Inc. 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