06/25/87 login, l Syntax: l Person_id{.Project_id} {-control_args} Function: gives you access to the system. It is a request to the answering service to start your identification procedure, and then either create a process for you or connect the terminal to your disconnected process. The command line can be up to 300 characters long. Arguments: Person_id is your registered personal identifier, which can be replaced by a registered "login alias" if you have one. This argument must be supplied. Project_id is the identification of your project. If this argument is not supplied, the default project associated with the Person_id is used. (See -change_default_project.) Control arguments (general): -brief, -bf suppresses messages associated with a successful login except the ones indicating that you have incorrectly specified your password and the ones indicating all your login attempts with the same Person_id. If the standard process overseer is being used, the message of the day is not printed. -change_default_auth, -cda changes your registered default login authorization to the one specified by -authorization. If you give a valid authorization, the default authorization is changed for subsequent logins and the message "default authorization changed" is printed. If -change_default_auth is given without -authorization, an error message is printed. -change_default_project, -cdp changes your default project to the Project_id specified in this login request line. The default Project_id is changed for subsequent logins, and the message "default project changed" is printed at your terminal. If -change_default_project is specified without a Project_id, an error message is printed. -change_password, -cpw changes your password to a newly given one. The login request asks for the old password before it requests the new one, twice, to verify the spelling. If it is not typed the same both times, the login and the password change are refused. If the old password is correct, the new one replaces the old for subsequent logins and the message "password changed" is printed at your terminal. Do not type the new password as part of the control argument. (See "Notes on passwords" below.) -generate_password, -gpw changes your password to a new one, generated for you by the system. The login request asks for the old password first; then, a new password is generated and typed on your terminal. You are asked to retype the new password, to verify having seen it. If you type it correctly, it replaces the old for subsequent logins and the message "password changed" is printed. If you mistype it, the login and password change are refused. -long, -lg reverses the effect of -brief, or the brief attribute in the project definition table (see the MAM Project, AK51). -modes STR, -mode STR, -md STR sets the I/O modes associated with your terminal to STR, where STR consists of modes acceptable to the tty_ I/O module (see the set_tty command). STR is usually a list of modes separated by commas; it must not contain blanks. -no_print_off, -npf tells the system that the terminal cannot stop printing while a password is being entered. The system prints a mask field to overwrite the area in which the password will be typed. -no_warning, -nw suppresses even urgent system warning messages and emergency messages from the operator, both at login and during your session. Give this argument when using a remote computer to simulate a terminal or when typing out long memoranda, when the process output should not be interrupted by even serious messages. -print_off, -pf tells the system that the terminal can stop printing while a password is being entered. No password mask is printed. -terminal_id STR, -tid STR sets your terminal identification to STR, where STR may be from 1 to 4 characters long. (By default, the terminal ID is obtained from the terminal answerback string.) -terminal_type STR, -ttp STR sets your terminal type to STR, where STR is any terminal type name defined in the standard terminal type table. This control argument overrides the default terminal type. -warning reverses the effect of -no_warning, or the no_warning attribute in the project definition table (see the MAM Project, AK51). Control arguments (process creation): -arguments STR, -ag STR supplies arguments to the process; STR can be one or more arguments. If you use -arguments, put it last because everything following it on the command line is taken as arguments to the process. The process can determine the number and value of each argument with the login_args active function. -authorization STR, -auth STR sets the authorization of the process to that specified by STR; STR is a character string composed of level and category names for the desired authorization, separated by commas. STR cannot contain any embedded blank or tab characters. (The short names for each level and category always contain no blanks or tabs, and can be used whenever the corresponding long names contain blanks or tabs.) STR must represent an authorization that is less than or equal to the maximum authorization of Person_id on the Project_id. If -authorization is omitted, your registered default login authorization is used. (See authorization.gi.) -force logs you in if at all possible, provided you have the guaranteed login attribute. Only system users who perform emergency repair functions have the necessary attribute. -home_dir path, -hd path sets your home directory to the path specified if your project administrator allows it. -no_save_on_disconnect, -nosave logs your process out instead of saving it if it is disconnected from its login terminal. This control argument is used to override a default of -save_on_disconnect if that default has been set by your project administrator. -no_preempt, -np does not log you in if you might preempt somebody in this user's load control group. -no_start_up, -ns instructs the standard process overseer not to execute your start_up.ec segment if the project administrator allows it. -outer_module path, -om path attaches your terminal via the outer module named path rather than your registered outer module if your project administrator allows it. -process_overseer path, -po path sets your process overseer to the procedure given by path if your project administrator allows it. If path ends in the characters ",direct", the specified procedure is called directly during process initialization rather than by the standard system-provided procedure. This means that the program used by path must perform the tasks that would have been performed by the standard procedure. -ring N, -rg N sets your initial ring to N if this ring number is greater than or equal to your registered initial ring and less than your registered maximum ring. -save_on_disconnect, -save saves your process if it is disconnected from its login terminal because of a communications line hangup or FNP crash. Your project administrator gives permission to use the process-saving facility and to enable it by default. (See -no_save_on_disconnect and the save_on_disconnect and no_save_on_disconnect commands.) -subsystem path, -ss path creates your process using the prelinked subsystem in the directory specified by path if your project administrator allows it. To override a default subsystem specified by the project administrator, type -ss "". Control arguments (operator login): -operator, -op logs in the user as a system operator, connecting the terminal to the message coordinator. The user must have the operator attribute to use this control argument. -virtual_channel STR, -vchn STR connects the terminal to the message coordinator virtual channel STR, which has been preaccepted by the operator using the accept_vchn operator command. Control arguments (disconnected processes): -connect {N} connects the terminal to your disconnected process. If more than one such process exists, the process number N must be indicated. -create creates a new process without destroying any disconnected ones. This is permitted only if you are allowed to have multiple interactive processes. -destroy {N} {-control_args} destroys your disconnected process. If more than one such process exists, the process number N must be specified. -list lists your disconnected process, its number, the time of the original login, and the ID of the channel and terminal that were last connected to the process. -new_proc {N} {-control_arg} destroys your disconnected process and creates a new one. If more than one such process exists, the process number N must be given. List of control arguments for disconnected processes: -hold, -hd prevents the breaking of the connection between the terminal and the answering service. You can use it only with -destroy. (Default) -immediate, -im bypasses termination of the existing process by the trm_ IPS signal (which causes running of finish and epilogue handlers in the existing process) and instead tells the hardcore to destroy the existing process immediately. You can use it only with -destroy and -new_proc. -no_hold, -nhd drops the connection. You can use it only with -destroy. Notes: Unless you already have one or more processes, login creates a process for you. The load control mechanism is consulted to determine if the creation of your process overloads either the system or your load control group. If the mechanism allows it, a process is created for you and the terminal is connected to it (i.e., the terminal is placed under that process's control). (See "Control arguments for process creation" above.) You might have a disconnected process because of a phone line hangup, network failure, or an FNP crash. Then, you can choose among the following alternatives: connecting the terminal to the process; destroying the disconnected process, with or without creating a new one; or logging out without affecting the disconnected process (see "Control arguments for disconnected processes" above and "Notes on disconnected processes" below). Several parameters of your process, as noted above, can be controlled by your project administrator; for example, allowing you to override attributes by specifying control arguments in the login line. If the project administrator does not allow you to use -subsystem, -outer_module, -home_dir, -process_overseer, -save_on_disconnect, or -ring or does allow you to give one or more of these control arguments and you specify them incorrectly, a message is printed and the login is refused. Notes on passwords: The login request asks you for a password and ensures that the password does not appear on your terminal. The password is a string of one to eight characters, which can be any character from the ASCII character set (including the backspace) except space and semicolon. The password used for interactive logins cannot be "quit", "help", "HELP", or "?" because these have special meaning to the password processor. Typing "quit" terminates the login attempt; "help", "HELP", or "?" produces an explanatory message and repeats the request for the password. Notes on disconnected processes: If your project administrator allows it, your process can be preserved when it becomes disconnected from its terminal. You can call back any time before the installation-defined maximum inactive time and ask to be reconnected. This feature is controlled by -save and -nosave; your project administrator sets the default. If your project administrator allows you to have several interactive processes simultaneously, you can have more than one disconnected process. Multiple disconnected processes are numbered consecutively starting with 1, in the order of their login times. Use these process numbers as arguments when referring to one of a set of multiple disconnected processes. The number and login time of each is printed by -list. You can, however, anticipate the number and use it with a control argument. The time listed and sorted on is the time of the original login from which the process is descended; this time is not affected by new_proc or reconnection. ----------------------------------------------------------- Historical Background This edition of the Multics software materials and documentation is provided and donated to Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Group BULL including BULL HN Information Systems Inc. as a contribution to computer science knowledge. This donation is made also to give evidence of the common contributions of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, General Electric, Honeywell Information Systems Inc., Honeywell BULL Inc., Groupe BULL and BULL HN Information Systems Inc. to the development of this operating system. Multics development was initiated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project MAC (1963-1970), renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the mid 1970s, under the leadership of Professor Fernando Jose Corbato. Users consider that Multics provided the best software architecture for managing computer hardware properly and for executing programs. Many subsequent operating systems incorporated Multics principles. Multics was distributed in 1975 to 2000 by Group Bull in Europe , and in the U.S. by Bull HN Information Systems Inc., as successor in interest by change in name only to Honeywell Bull Inc. and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. . ----------------------------------------------------------- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these programs and their documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the below copyright notice and historical background appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and historical background and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of MIT, HIS, BULL or BULL HN not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the programs without specific prior written permission. Copyright 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by BULL HN Information Systems Inc. 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