COMPILATION LISTING OF SEGMENT initial_error_handler Compiled by: Multics PL/I Compiler, Release 32f, of October 9, 1989 Compiled at: Bull HN, Phoenix AZ, System-M Compiled on: 11/11/89 1022.0 mst Sat Options: optimize map 1 /****^ *********************************************************** 2* * * 3* * Copyright, (C) Honeywell Bull Inc., 1987 * 4* * * 5* * Copyright, (C) Honeywell Information Systems Inc., 1983 * 6* * * 7* *********************************************************** */ 8 /* initial_error_handler -- default handler for the initialization env. */ 9 /* format: style2 */ 10 initial_error_handler: 11 procedure (MC_ptr, Condition_name, WC_ptr, Info_ptr, Continue_flag); 12 13 declare (MC_ptr, WC_ptr, Info_ptr) 14 pointer parameter; 15 declare Condition_name character (*) parameter; 16 declare Continue_flag bit (1) aligned; 17 declare recursion bit (1) internal static init ("0"b); 18 declare (ppr, tpr) pointer; 19 declare (baseptr, null, pointer) 20 builtin; 21 declare scs$sys_trouble_pending 22 fixed bin ext; 23 declare 1 prds$sys_trouble_data aligned like mc external; 24 declare sys_trouble entry; 25 declare syserr entry options (variable); 1 1 /* BEGIN INCLUDE FILE syserr_constants.incl.pl1 ... 11/11/80 W. Olin Sibert */ 1 2 /* 85-02-12, EJ Sharpe - Added sorting class constants, removed AIM_MESSAGE, added new action code names. */ 1 3 /* 85-04-24, G. Palter - Renamed SYSERR_UNUSED_10 to SYSERR_RING1_ERROR to reflect its actual use. */ 1 4 1 5 /* This include file has an ALM version. Keep 'em in sync! */ 1 6 1 7 dcl ( 1 8 1 9 /* The following constants define the message action codes. This indicates 1 10*how a message is to be handled. */ 1 11 1 12 SYSERR_CRASH_SYSTEM init (1), 1 13 CRASH init (1), /* Crash the system, and bleat plaintively. */ 1 14 1 15 SYSERR_TERMINATE_PROCESS init (2), 1 16 TERMINATE_PROCESS init (2), /* Terminate the process, print the message, and beep. */ 1 17 1 18 SYSERR_PRINT_WITH_ALARM init (3), 1 19 BEEP init (3), /* Beep and print the message on the console. */ 1 20 1 21 SYSERR_PRINT_ON_CONSOLE init (0), 1 22 ANNOUNCE init (0), /* Just print the message on the console. */ 1 23 1 24 SYSERR_LOG_OR_PRINT init (4), 1 25 LOG init (4), /* Log the message, or print it if it can't be logged */ 1 26 1 27 SYSERR_LOG_OR_DISCARD init (5), 1 28 JUST_LOG init (5), /* Just try to log the message, and discard it if it can't be */ 1 29 1 30 1 31 /* The following constants are added to the normal severities to indicate 1 32*different sorting classes of messages. */ 1 33 1 34 SYSERR_SYSTEM_ERROR init (00), /* indicates a standard level system error */ 1 35 SYSERR_RING1_ERROR init (10), /* indicates an error detected in ring 1 (mseg_, RCP) */ 1 36 SYSERR_COVERT_CHANNEL init (20), /* indicates covert channel audit trail message */ 1 37 SYSERR_UNSUCCESSFUL_ACCESS init (30), /* indicates access denial audit trail message */ 1 38 SYSERR_SUCCESSFUL_ACCESS init (40) /* indicates access grant audit trail message */ 1 39 ) fixed bin internal static options (constant); 1 40 1 41 /* END INCLUDE FILE syserr_constants.incl.pl1 */ 26 2 1 /* */ 2 2 /* BEGIN INCLUDE FILE mc.incl.pl1 Created Dec 72 for 6180 - WSS. */ 2 3 /* Modified 06/07/76 by Greenberg for mc.resignal */ 2 4 /* Modified 07/07/76 by Morris for fault register data */ 2 5 /* Modified 08/28/80 by J. A. Bush for the DPS8/70M CVPU */ 2 6 /* Modified '82 to make values constant */ 2 7 2 8 /* words 0-15 pointer registers */ 2 9 2 10 dcl mcp ptr; 2 11 2 12 dcl 1 mc based (mcp) aligned, 2 13 2 prs (0:7) ptr, /* POINTER REGISTERS */ 2 14 (2 regs, /* registers */ 2 15 3 x (0:7) bit (18), /* index registers */ 2 16 3 a bit (36), /* accumulator */ 2 17 3 q bit (36), /* q-register */ 2 18 3 e bit (8), /* exponent */ 2 19 3 pad1 bit (28), 2 20 3 t bit (27), /* timer register */ 2 21 3 pad2 bit (6), 2 22 3 ralr bit (3), /* ring alarm register */ 2 23 2 24 2 scu (0:7) bit (36), 2 25 2 26 2 mask bit (72), /* mem controller mask at time of fault */ 2 27 2 ips_temp bit (36), /* Temporary storage for IPS info */ 2 28 2 errcode fixed bin (35), /* fault handler's error code */ 2 29 2 fim_temp, 2 30 3 unique_index bit (18) unal, /* unique index for restarting faults */ 2 31 3 resignal bit (1) unal, /* recompute signal name with fcode below */ 2 32 3 fcode bit (17) unal, /* fault code used as index to FIM table and SCT */ 2 33 2 fault_reg bit (36), /* fault register */ 2 34 2 pad2 bit (1), 2 35 2 cpu_type fixed bin (2) unsigned, /* L68 = 0, DPS8/70M = 1 */ 2 36 2 ext_fault_reg bit (15), /* extended fault reg for DPS8/70M CPU */ 2 37 2 fault_time bit (54), /* time of fault */ 2 38 2 39 2 eis_info (0:7) bit (36)) unaligned; 2 40 2 41 2 42 dcl (apx fixed bin init (0), 2 43 abx fixed bin init (1), 2 44 bpx fixed bin init (2), 2 45 bbx fixed bin init (3), 2 46 lpx fixed bin init (4), 2 47 lbx fixed bin init (5), 2 48 spx fixed bin init (6), 2 49 sbx fixed bin init (7)) internal static options (constant); 2 50 2 51 2 52 2 53 2 54 dcl scup ptr; 2 55 2 56 dcl 1 scu based (scup) aligned, /* SCU DATA */ 2 57 2 58 2 59 /* WORD (0) */ 2 60 2 61 (2 ppr, /* PROCEDURE POINTER REGISTER */ 2 62 3 prr bit (3), /* procedure ring register */ 2 63 3 psr bit (15), /* procedure segment register */ 2 64 3 p bit (1), /* procedure privileged bit */ 2 65 2 66 2 apu, /* APPENDING UNIT STATUS */ 2 67 3 xsf bit (1), /* ext seg flag - IT modification */ 2 68 3 sdwm bit (1), /* match in SDW Ass. Mem. */ 2 69 3 sd_on bit (1), /* SDW Ass. Mem. ON */ 2 70 3 ptwm bit (1), /* match in PTW Ass. Mem. */ 2 71 3 pt_on bit (1), /* PTW Ass. Mem. ON */ 2 72 3 pi_ap bit (1), /* Instr Fetch or Append cycle */ 2 73 3 dsptw bit (1), /* Fetch of DSPTW */ 2 74 3 sdwnp bit (1), /* Fetch of SDW non paged */ 2 75 3 sdwp bit (1), /* Fetch of SDW paged */ 2 76 3 ptw bit (1), /* Fetch of PTW */ 2 77 3 ptw2 bit (1), /* Fetch of pre-paged PTW */ 2 78 3 fap bit (1), /* Fetch of final address paged */ 2 79 3 fanp bit (1), /* Fetch of final address non-paged */ 2 80 3 fabs bit (1), /* Fetch of final address absolute */ 2 81 2 82 2 fault_cntr bit (3), /* number of retrys of EIS instructions */ 2 83 2 84 2 85 /* WORD (1) */ 2 86 2 87 2 fd, /* FAULT DATA */ 2 88 3 iro bit (1), /* illegal ring order */ 2 89 3 oeb bit (1), /* out of execute bracket */ 2 90 3 e_off bit (1), /* no execute */ 2 91 3 orb bit (1), /* out of read bracket */ 2 92 3 r_off bit (1), /* no read */ 2 93 3 owb bit (1), /* out of write bracket */ 2 94 3 w_off bit (1), /* no write */ 2 95 3 no_ga bit (1), /* not a gate */ 2 96 3 ocb bit (1), /* out of call bracket */ 2 97 3 ocall bit (1), /* outward call */ 2 98 3 boc bit (1), /* bad outward call */ 2 99 3 inret bit (1), /* inward return */ 2 100 3 crt bit (1), /* cross ring transfer */ 2 101 3 ralr bit (1), /* ring alarm register */ 2 102 3 am_er bit (1), /* associative memory fault */ 2 103 3 oosb bit (1), /* out of segment bounds */ 2 104 3 paru bit (1), /* processor parity upper */ 2 105 3 parl bit (1), /* processor parity lower */ 2 106 3 onc_1 bit (1), /* op not complete type 1 */ 2 107 3 onc_2 bit (1), /* op not complete type 2 */ 2 108 2 109 2 port_stat, /* PORT STATUS */ 2 110 3 ial bit (4), /* illegal action lines */ 2 111 3 iac bit (3), /* illegal action channel */ 2 112 3 con_chan bit (3), /* connect channel */ 2 113 2 114 2 fi_num bit (5), /* (fault/interrupt) number */ 2 115 2 fi_flag bit (1), /* 1 => fault, 0 => interrupt */ 2 116 2 117 2 118 /* WORD (2) */ 2 119 2 120 2 tpr, /* TEMPORARY POINTER REGISTER */ 2 121 3 trr bit (3), /* temporary ring register */ 2 122 3 tsr bit (15), /* temporary segment register */ 2 123 2 124 2 pad2 bit (9), 2 125 2 126 2 cpu_no bit (3), /* CPU number */ 2 127 2 128 2 delta bit (6), /* tally modification DELTA */ 2 129 2 130 2 131 /* WORD (3) */ 2 132 2 133 2 word3 bit (18), 2 134 2 135 2 tsr_stat, /* TSR STATUS for 1,2,&3 word instructions */ 2 136 3 tsna, /* Word 1 status */ 2 137 4 prn bit (3), /* Word 1 PR number */ 2 138 4 prv bit (1), /* Word 1 PR valid bit */ 2 139 3 tsnb, /* Word 2 status */ 2 140 4 prn bit (3), /* Word 2 PR number */ 2 141 4 prv bit (1), /* Word 2 PR valid bit */ 2 142 3 tsnc, /* Word 3 status */ 2 143 4 prn bit (3), /* Word 3 PR number */ 2 144 4 prv bit (1), /* Word 3 PR valid bit */ 2 145 2 146 2 tpr_tbr bit (6), /* TPR.TBR field */ 2 147 2 148 2 149 /* WORD (4) */ 2 150 2 151 2 ilc bit (18), /* INSTRUCTION COUNTER */ 2 152 2 153 2 ir, /* INDICATOR REGISTERS */ 2 154 3 zero bit (1), /* zero indicator */ 2 155 3 neg bit (1), /* negative indicator */ 2 156 3 carry bit (1), /* carryry indicator */ 2 157 3 ovfl bit (1), /* overflow indicator */ 2 158 3 eovf bit (1), /* eponent overflow */ 2 159 3 eufl bit (1), /* exponent underflow */ 2 160 3 oflm bit (1), /* overflow mask */ 2 161 3 tro bit (1), /* tally runout */ 2 162 3 par bit (1), /* parity error */ 2 163 3 parm bit (1), /* parity mask */ 2 164 3 bm bit (1), /* ^bar mode */ 2 165 3 tru bit (1), /* truncation mode */ 2 166 3 mif bit (1), /* multi-word instruction mode */ 2 167 3 abs bit (1), /* absolute mode */ 2 168 3 hex bit (1), /* hexadecimal exponent mode */ 2 169 3 pad bit (3), 2 170 2 171 2 172 /* WORD (5) */ 2 173 2 174 2 ca bit (18), /* COMPUTED ADDRESS */ 2 175 2 176 2 cu, /* CONTROL UNIT STATUS */ 2 177 3 rf bit (1), /* on first cycle of repeat instr */ 2 178 3 rpt bit (1), /* repeat instruction */ 2 179 3 rd bit (1), /* repeat double instruction */ 2 180 3 rl bit (1), /* repeat link instruciton */ 2 181 3 pot bit (1), /* IT modification */ 2 182 3 pon bit (1), /* return type instruction */ 2 183 3 xde bit (1), /* XDE from Even location */ 2 184 3 xdo bit (1), /* XDE from Odd location */ 2 185 3 poa bit (1), /* operation preparation */ 2 186 3 rfi bit (1), /* tells CPU to refetch instruction */ 2 187 3 its bit (1), /* ITS modification */ 2 188 3 if bit (1), /* fault occured during instruction fetch */ 2 189 2 190 2 cpu_tag bit (6)) unaligned, /* computed tag field */ 2 191 2 192 2 193 /* WORDS (6,7) */ 2 194 2 195 2 even_inst bit (36), /* even instruction of faulting pair */ 2 196 2 197 2 odd_inst bit (36); /* odd instruction of faulting pair */ 2 198 2 199 2 200 2 201 2 202 2 203 2 204 /* ALTERNATE SCU DECLARATION */ 2 205 2 206 2 207 dcl 1 scux based (scup) aligned, 2 208 2 209 (2 pad0 bit (36), 2 210 2 211 2 fd, /* GROUP II FAULT DATA */ 2 212 3 isn bit (1), /* illegal segment number */ 2 213 3 ioc bit (1), /* illegal op code */ 2 214 3 ia_am bit (1), /* illegal address - modifier */ 2 215 3 isp bit (1), /* illegal slave procedure */ 2 216 3 ipr bit (1), /* illegal procedure */ 2 217 3 nea bit (1), /* non existent address */ 2 218 3 oobb bit (1), /* out of bounds */ 2 219 3 pad bit (29), 2 220 2 221 2 pad2 bit (36), 2 222 2 223 2 pad3a bit (18), 2 224 2 225 2 tsr_stat (0:2), /* TSR STATUS as an ARRAY */ 2 226 3 prn bit (3), /* PR number */ 2 227 3 prv bit (1), /* PR valid bit */ 2 228 2 229 2 pad3b bit (6)) unaligned, 2 230 2 231 2 pad45 (0:1) bit (36), 2 232 2 233 2 instr (0:1) bit (36); /* Instruction ARRAY */ 2 234 2 235 2 236 2 237 /* END INCLUDE FILE mc.incl.pl1 */ 27 3 1 /* BEGIN INCLUDE FILE condition_info_header.incl.pl1 BIM 1981 */ 3 2 /* format: style2 */ 3 3 3 4 declare condition_info_header_ptr 3 5 pointer; 3 6 declare 1 condition_info_header 3 7 aligned based (condition_info_header_ptr), 3 8 2 length fixed bin, /* length in words of this structure */ 3 9 2 version fixed bin, /* version number of this structure */ 3 10 2 action_flags aligned, /* tell handler how to proceed */ 3 11 3 cant_restart bit (1) unaligned, /* caller doesn't ever want to be returned to */ 3 12 3 default_restart bit (1) unaligned, /* caller can be returned to with no further action */ 3 13 3 quiet_restart bit (1) unaligned, /* return, and print no message */ 3 14 3 support_signal bit (1) unaligned, /* treat this signal as if the signalling procedure had the support bit set */ 3 15 /* if the signalling procedure had the support bit set, do the same for its caller */ 3 16 3 pad bit (32) unaligned, 3 17 2 info_string char (256) varying, /* may contain printable message */ 3 18 2 status_code fixed bin (35); /* if^=0, code interpretable by com_err_ */ 3 19 3 20 /* END INCLUDE FILE condition_info_header.incl.pl1 */ 28 29 30 31 /* For now, this program just replaces sys_trouble$unexp_fault */ 32 33 scs$sys_trouble_pending = -6; /* unexpected fault */ 34 35 if recursion 36 then call sys_trouble; /* No message */ 37 38 recursion = "1"b; 39 40 if Info_ptr ^= null 41 then do; 42 condition_info_header_ptr = Info_ptr; 43 if condition_info_header.quiet_restart /* only one respected for now */ 44 then do; 45 recursion = "0"b; 46 return; 47 end; 48 end; 49 50 51 mcp = MC_ptr; 52 if mcp ^= null 53 then do; 54 prds$sys_trouble_data = mc; 55 scup = addr (mc.scu); 56 ppr = pointer (baseptr ("000"b || scu.ppr.psr), scu.ilc); 57 tpr = pointer (baseptr ("000"b || scu.tpr.tsr), scu.ca); 58 59 call syserr (CRASH, "initial_error_handler: ^a condition by ^p referencing ^p; MC at ^p.", 60 Condition_name, ppr, tpr, MC_ptr); 61 62 end; 63 else call syserr (CRASH, "initial_error_handler: ^a condition.", Condition_name); 64 65 call sys_trouble; 66 end initial_error_handler; SOURCE FILES USED IN THIS COMPILATION. LINE NUMBER DATE MODIFIED NAME PATHNAME 0 11/11/89 0801.1 initial_error_handler.pl1 >spec>install>1110>initial_error_handler.pl1 26 1 05/17/85 0615.7 syserr_constants.incl.pl1 >ldd>include>syserr_constants.incl.pl1 27 2 12/15/83 1100.4 mc.incl.pl1 >ldd>include>mc.incl.pl1 28 3 03/24/82 1347.2 condition_info_header.incl.pl1 >ldd>include>condition_info_header.incl.pl1 NAMES DECLARED IN THIS COMPILATION. IDENTIFIER OFFSET LOC STORAGE CLASS DATA TYPE ATTRIBUTES AND REFERENCES (* indicates a set context) NAMES DECLARED BY DECLARE STATEMENT. CRASH 000005 constant fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 set ref 59* 63* Condition_name parameter char packed unaligned dcl 15 set ref 10 59* 63* Continue_flag parameter bit(1) dcl 16 ref 10 Info_ptr parameter pointer dcl 13 ref 10 40 42 MC_ptr parameter pointer dcl 13 set ref 10 51 59* WC_ptr parameter pointer dcl 13 ref 10 action_flags 2 based structure level 2 dcl 3-6 baseptr builtin function dcl 19 ref 56 57 ca 5 based bit(18) level 2 packed packed unaligned dcl 2-56 ref 57 condition_info_header based structure level 1 dcl 3-6 condition_info_header_ptr 000110 automatic pointer dcl 3-4 set ref 42* 43 ilc 4 based bit(18) level 2 packed packed unaligned dcl 2-56 ref 56 mc based structure level 1 dcl 2-12 set ref 54 mcp 000104 automatic pointer dcl 2-10 set ref 51* 52 54 55 null builtin function dcl 19 ref 40 52 pointer builtin function dcl 19 ref 56 57 ppr based structure level 2 in structure "scu" packed packed unaligned dcl 2-56 in procedure "initial_error_handler" ppr 000100 automatic pointer dcl 18 in procedure "initial_error_handler" set ref 56* 59* prds$sys_trouble_data 000014 external static structure level 1 dcl 23 set ref 54* psr 0(03) based bit(15) level 3 packed packed unaligned dcl 2-56 ref 56 quiet_restart 2(02) based bit(1) level 3 packed packed unaligned dcl 3-6 ref 43 recursion 000010 internal static bit(1) initial packed unaligned dcl 17 set ref 35 38* 45* scs$sys_trouble_pending 000012 external static fixed bin(17,0) dcl 21 set ref 33* scu based structure level 1 dcl 2-56 in procedure "initial_error_handler" scu 30 based bit(36) array level 2 in structure "mc" packed packed unaligned dcl 2-12 in procedure "initial_error_handler" set ref 55 scup 000106 automatic pointer dcl 2-54 set ref 55* 56 56 57 57 sys_trouble 000016 constant entry external dcl 24 ref 35 65 syserr 000020 constant entry external dcl 25 ref 59 63 tpr 2 based structure level 2 in structure "scu" packed packed unaligned dcl 2-56 in procedure "initial_error_handler" tpr 000102 automatic pointer dcl 18 in procedure "initial_error_handler" set ref 57* 59* tsr 2(03) based bit(15) level 3 packed packed unaligned dcl 2-56 ref 57 NAMES DECLARED BY DECLARE STATEMENT AND NEVER REFERENCED. ANNOUNCE internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 BEEP internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 JUST_LOG internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 LOG internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_COVERT_CHANNEL internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_CRASH_SYSTEM internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_LOG_OR_DISCARD internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_LOG_OR_PRINT internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_PRINT_ON_CONSOLE internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_PRINT_WITH_ALARM internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_RING1_ERROR internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_SUCCESSFUL_ACCESS internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_SYSTEM_ERROR internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_TERMINATE_PROCESS internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 SYSERR_UNSUCCESSFUL_ACCESS internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 TERMINATE_PROCESS internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 1-7 abx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 apx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 bbx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 bpx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 lbx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 lpx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 sbx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 scux based structure level 1 dcl 2-207 spx internal static fixed bin(17,0) initial dcl 2-42 NAME DECLARED BY EXPLICIT CONTEXT. initial_error_handler 000051 constant entry external dcl 10 NAME DECLARED BY CONTEXT OR IMPLICATION. addr builtin function ref 55 STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR THIS PROGRAM. Object Text Link Symbol Defs Static Start 0 0 334 356 246 344 Length 602 246 22 207 65 2 BLOCK NAME STACK SIZE TYPE WHY NONQUICK/WHO SHARES STACK FRAME initial_error_handler 120 external procedure is an external procedure. STORAGE FOR INTERNAL STATIC VARIABLES. LOC IDENTIFIER BLOCK NAME 000010 recursion initial_error_handler STORAGE FOR AUTOMATIC VARIABLES. STACK FRAME LOC IDENTIFIER BLOCK NAME initial_error_handler 000100 ppr initial_error_handler 000102 tpr initial_error_handler 000104 mcp initial_error_handler 000106 scup initial_error_handler 000110 condition_info_header_ptr initial_error_handler THE FOLLOWING EXTERNAL OPERATORS ARE USED BY THIS PROGRAM. call_ext_out_desc call_ext_out return_mac ext_entry_desc THE FOLLOWING EXTERNAL ENTRIES ARE CALLED BY THIS PROGRAM. sys_trouble syserr THE FOLLOWING EXTERNAL VARIABLES ARE USED BY THIS PROGRAM. prds$sys_trouble_data scs$sys_trouble_pending LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC 10 000044 33 000064 35 000066 38 000074 40 000077 42 000104 43 000107 45 000112 46 000113 51 000114 52 000117 54 000123 55 000127 56 000131 57 000143 59 000155 62 000213 63 000214 65 000240 66 000245 ----------------------------------------------------------- Historical Background This edition of the Multics software materials and documentation is provided and donated to Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Group BULL including BULL HN Information Systems Inc. as a contribution to computer science knowledge. This donation is made also to give evidence of the common contributions of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, General Electric, Honeywell Information Systems Inc., Honeywell BULL Inc., Groupe BULL and BULL HN Information Systems Inc. to the development of this operating system. Multics development was initiated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project MAC (1963-1970), renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the mid 1970s, under the leadership of Professor Fernando Jose Corbato. Users consider that Multics provided the best software architecture for managing computer hardware properly and for executing programs. Many subsequent operating systems incorporated Multics principles. Multics was distributed in 1975 to 2000 by Group Bull in Europe , and in the U.S. by Bull HN Information Systems Inc., as successor in interest by change in name only to Honeywell Bull Inc. and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. . ----------------------------------------------------------- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these programs and their documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the below copyright notice and historical background appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and historical background and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of MIT, HIS, BULL or BULL HN not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the programs without specific prior written permission. Copyright 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by BULL HN Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by Bull SAS All Rights Reserved