COMPILATION LISTING OF SEGMENT cobol_mpy Compiled by: Multics PL/I Compiler, Release 31b, of April 24, 1989 Compiled at: Bull HN, Phoenix AZ, System-M Compiled on: 05/24/89 0943.7 mst Wed Options: optimize map 1 /****^ *********************************************************** 2* * * 3* * Copyright, (C) BULL HN Information Systems Inc., 1989 * 4* * * 5* * Copyright, (C) Honeywell Information Systems Inc., 1982 * 6* * * 7* * Copyright (c) 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of * 8* * Technology and Honeywell Information Systems, Inc. * 9* * * 10* *********************************************************** */ 11 12 13 14 15 /****^ HISTORY COMMENTS: 16* 1) change(89-04-23,Zimmerman), approve(89-04-23,MCR8060), 17* audit(89-05-05,RWaters), install(89-05-24,MR12.3-1048): 18* MCR8060 cobol_mpy.pl1 Added Trace statements. 19* END HISTORY COMMENTS */ 20 21 22 /* Modified on 11/16/84 by FCH, [5.3...], trace added */ 23 /* Modified on 10/19/84 by FCH, [4.3-1], BUG563(phx18381), new cobol_addr_tokens.incl.pl1 */ 24 /* Modified on 2/25/76 by Bob Chang to fix plus sign for 1011 and 1100 . */ 25 /* Modified on 2/24/76 by Bob Chang to handle signed/unsigned. */ 26 27 28 29 30 /* format: style3 */ 31 32 cobol_mpy: 33 proc (operand_ptr, result_ptr, opcode_code); 34 35 /* 36*This proceudre generates code for the follwoing types of 37*Cobol constructs: 38* 39* 1. MULTIPLY A BY B. 40* 2. DIVIDE A INTO B. 41* 42*This procedure assumes that the tokens pointed at by operand_ptr 43*and result_ptr are data name (type 9) tokens. That is, any 44*conversion of the operands from numeric literal or figurative 45*constant has already been done before this procedure is called. 46* 47**/ 48 49 50 /* DECLARATION OF THE PARAMETERS */ 51 52 dcl operand_ptr ptr; 53 dcl result_ptr ptr; 54 dcl opcode_code fixed bin (35); 55 56 /* 57*operand_ptr Points to the token for the multiplicand or divisor 58* depending on whether code is to be generated for multiplication or 59* division, respectively. (input) 60*result_ptr Points to the token that serves as both 61* 1. multiplier and product or 62* 2. dividend and qoutient 63* depending on whether code is to be generated 64* for multiplication or division, respectively. (input) 65*opcode_code a code that indicates whether code is to be 66* generated for multiplication or division. (input) 67* 68* opcode_code meaning 69* --------------------------------- 70* 1 | multiplication 71* 2 | division 72* 73**/ 74 75 /* DECLARATION OF EXTERNAL ENTRIES */ 76 77 dcl cobol_addr ext entry (ptr, ptr, ptr); 78 dcl cobol_emit ext entry (ptr, ptr, fixed bin); 79 80 /*}*/ 81 82 /* DECLARATION OF INTERNAL STATIC VARIABLES */ 83 84 /* Declaration of internal static variables that contain ADD2 and SUBTRACT2 opcodes */ 85 86 dcl mp2d_op bit (10) int static init ("0100001101"b /*206(1)*/); 87 dcl dv2d_op bit (10) int static init ("0100001111"b /*207(1)*/); 88 89 /* DECLARATION OF INTERNAL AUTOMATIC VARIABLES */ 90 91 /* Declaration of buffers used by the addressability utility */ 92 93 /* Relocation info buffer */ 94 dcl reloc_buffer (1:10) fixed bin; 95 96 /* Instruction/description buffer */ 97 dcl addr_inst_buffer (1:10) fixed bin; 98 99 /* Addressability input buffer */ 100 dcl addr_input_buffer (1:30) fixed bin; 101 102 103 dcl dn_ptr ptr; 104 105 /**************************************************/ 106 /* START OF EXECUTION */ 107 /* cobol_mpy */ 108 /**************************************************/ 109 110 111 /* Point pointers at the buffers used to establish addressability */ 112 113 /***..... if Trace_Bit then call cobol_gen_driver_$Tr_Beg(cmp);/**/ 114 115 reloc_ptr = addr (reloc_buffer (1)); 116 input_ptr = addr (addr_input_buffer (1)); 117 inst_ptr = addr (addr_inst_buffer (1)); 118 119 /* Build the input structure to the addressability utility */ 120 input_struc.type = 5; /* eis, 2 input operands, instruction word and 2 descriptors returned */ 121 input_struc.operand_no = 2; 122 input_struc.lock = 0; /* no lock */ 123 124 input_struc.operand.token_ptr (1) = operand_ptr; 125 input_struc.operand.send_receive (1) = 0; /* sending */ 126 input_struc.operand.size_sw (1) = 0; 127 128 input_struc.operand.token_ptr (2) = result_ptr; 129 input_struc.operand.send_receive (2) = 1; /* receiving */ 130 input_struc.operand.size_sw (2) = 0; 131 132 /* Set the proper opcode into the eis instruction */ 133 if opcode_code = 1 /* multiply */ 134 then inst_struc.fill1_op = mp2d_op; 135 else inst_struc.fill1_op = dv2d_op; 136 137 /* Establish addressability */ 138 call cobol_addr (input_ptr, inst_ptr, reloc_ptr); 139 140 /* Set the rounding bit in the eis instruction, if necessary */ 141 142 if result_ptr -> data_name.rounded 143 then inst_struc.zero3 = "01"b; /* truncation off, rounding on */ 144 if result_ptr -> data_name.ascii_packed_dec = "1"b & result_ptr -> data_name.seg_num = 2 145 then inst_struc.inst.zero1 = "10"b; 146 147 /* Emit the eis instruction and 2 descriptors */ 148 call cobol_emit (inst_ptr, reloc_ptr, 3); 149 150 /***..... if Trace_Bit then call cobol_gen_driver_$Tr_End(cmp);/**/ 151 152 return; 153 154 /***..... dcl cmp char(9) init("COBOL_MPY");/**/ 155 156 /***..... dcl cobol_gen_driver_$Tr_Beg entry(char(*));/**/ 157 /***..... dcl cobol_gen_driver_$Tr_End entry(char(*));/**/ 158 159 /***..... dcl Trace_Bit bit(1) static external;/**/ 160 /***..... dcl Trace_Lev fixed bin static external;/**/ 161 /***..... dcl Trace_Line char(36) static external;/**/ 162 /***..... dcl ioa_ entry options(variable); /**/ 163 164 165 /* INCLUDE FILES USED BY THIS PROCEDURE */ 166 167 168 /***** Declaration for builtin function *****/ 169 170 dcl (substr, mod, binary, fixed, addr, addrel, rel, length, string, unspec, null, index) 171 builtin; 172 173 /***** End of declaration for builtin function *****/ 174 1 1 1 2 /* BEGIN INCLUDE FILE ... cobol_type9.incl.pl1 */ 1 3 /* Last modified on 11/19/76 by ORN */ 1 4 1 5 /* 1 6*A type 9 data name token is entered into the name table by the data 1 7*division syntax phase for each data name described in the data division. 1 8*The replacement phase subsequently replaces type 8 user word references 1 9*to data names in the procedure division minpral file with the corresponding 1 10*type 9 tokens from the name table. 1 11**/ 1 12 1 13 /* dcl dn_ptr ptr; */ 1 14 1 15 /* BEGIN DECLARATION OF TYPE9 (DATA NAME) TOKEN */ 1 16 dcl 1 data_name based (dn_ptr), 2 1 2 2 /* begin include file ... cobol_TYPE9.incl.pl1 */ 2 3 /* Last modified on 06/19/77 by ORN */ 2 4 /* Last modified on 12/28/76 by FCH */ 2 5 2 6 /* header */ 2 7 2 size fixed bin, 2 8 2 line fixed bin, 2 9 2 column fixed bin, 2 10 2 type fixed bin, 2 11 /* body */ 2 12 2 string_ptr ptr, 2 13 2 prev_rec ptr, 2 14 2 searched bit (1), 2 15 2 duplicate bit (1), 2 16 2 saved bit (1), 2 17 2 debug_ind bit (1), 2 18 2 filler2 bit (3), 2 19 2 used_as_sub bit (1), 2 20 2 def_line fixed bin, 2 21 2 level fixed bin, 2 22 2 linkage fixed bin, 2 23 2 file_num fixed bin, 2 24 2 size_rtn fixed bin, 2 25 2 item_length fixed bin(24), 2 26 2 places_left fixed bin, 2 27 2 places_right fixed bin, 2 28 /* description */ 2 29 2 file_section bit (1), 2 30 2 working_storage bit (1), 2 31 2 constant_section bit (1), 2 32 2 linkage_section bit (1), 2 33 2 communication_section bit (1), 2 34 2 report_section bit (1), 2 35 2 level_77 bit (1), 2 36 2 level_01 bit (1), 2 37 2 non_elementary bit (1), 2 38 2 elementary bit (1), 2 39 2 filler_item bit (1), 2 40 2 s_of_rdf bit (1), 2 41 2 o_of_rdf bit (1), 2 42 2 bin_18 bit (1), 2 43 2 bin_36 bit (1), 2 44 2 pic_has_l bit (1), 2 45 2 pic_is_do bit (1), 2 46 2 numeric bit (1), 2 47 2 numeric_edited bit (1), 2 48 2 alphanum bit (1), 2 49 2 alphanum_edited bit (1), 2 50 2 alphabetic bit (1), 2 51 2 alphabetic_edited bit (1), 2 52 2 pic_has_p bit (1), 2 53 2 pic_has_ast bit (1), 2 54 2 item_signed bit(1), 2 55 2 sign_separate bit (1), 2 56 2 display bit (1), 2 57 2 comp bit (1), 2 58 2 ascii_packed_dec_h bit (1), /* as of 8/16/76 this field used for comp8. */ 2 59 2 ascii_packed_dec bit (1), 2 60 2 ebcdic_packed_dec bit (1), 2 61 2 bin_16 bit (1), 2 62 2 bin_32 bit (1), 2 63 2 usage_index bit (1), 2 64 2 just_right bit (1), 2 65 2 compare_argument bit (1), 2 66 2 sync bit (1), 2 67 2 temporary bit (1), 2 68 2 bwz bit (1), 2 69 2 variable_length bit (1), 2 70 2 subscripted bit (1), 2 71 2 occurs_do bit (1), 2 72 2 key_a bit (1), 2 73 2 key_d bit (1), 2 74 2 indexed_by bit (1), 2 75 2 value_numeric bit (1), 2 76 2 value_non_numeric bit (1), 2 77 2 value_signed bit (1), 2 78 2 sign_type bit (3), 2 79 2 pic_integer bit (1), 2 80 2 ast_when_zero bit (1), 2 81 2 label_record bit (1), 2 82 2 sign_clause_occurred bit (1), 2 83 2 okey_dn bit (1), 2 84 2 subject_of_keyis bit (1), 2 85 2 exp_redefining bit (1), 2 86 2 sync_in_rec bit (1), 2 87 2 rounded bit (1), 2 88 2 ad_bit bit (1), 2 89 2 debug_all bit (1), 2 90 2 overlap bit (1), 2 91 2 sum_counter bit (1), 2 92 2 exp_occurs bit (1), 2 93 2 linage_counter bit (1), 2 94 2 rnm_01 bit (1), 2 95 2 aligned bit (1), 2 96 2 not_user_writable bit (1), 2 97 2 database_key bit (1), 2 98 2 database_data_item bit (1), 2 99 2 seg_num fixed bin, 2 100 2 offset fixed bin(24), 2 101 2 initial_ptr fixed bin, 2 102 2 edit_ptr fixed bin, 2 103 2 occurs_ptr fixed bin, 2 104 2 do_rec char(5), 2 105 2 bitt bit (1), 2 106 2 byte bit (1), 2 107 2 half_word bit (1), 2 108 2 word bit (1), 2 109 2 double_word bit (1), 2 110 2 half_byte bit (1), 2 111 2 filler5 bit (1), 2 112 2 bit_offset bit (4), 2 113 2 son_cnt bit (16), 2 114 2 max_red_size fixed bin(24), 2 115 2 name_size fixed bin, 2 116 2 name char(0 refer(data_name.name_size)); 2 117 2 118 2 119 2 120 /* end include file ... cobol_TYPE9.incl.pl1 */ 2 121 1 17 1 18 /* END DECLARATION OF TYPE9 (DATA NAME) TOKEN */ 1 19 1 20 /* END INCLUDE FILE ... cobol_type9.incl.pl1 */ 1 21 175 176 177 3 1 3 2 /* BEGIN INCLUDE FILE ... cobol_addr_tokens.incl.pl1 */ 3 3 3 4 3 5 /****^ HISTORY COMMENTS: 3 6* 1) change(89-04-23,Zimmerman), approve(89-04-23,MCR8058), 3 7* audit(89-05-05,RWaters), install(89-05-24,MR12.3-1048): 3 8* MCR8058 cobol_addr_tokens.incl.pl1 Change array extents to refer to 3 9* constants rather than variables. 3 10* END HISTORY COMMENTS */ 3 11 3 12 3 13 /* Last modified on 10/1/74 by tg */ 3 14 3 15 3 16 /* parameter list */ 3 17 3 18 dcl (input_ptr, inst_ptr, reloc_ptr) ptr; 3 19 3 20 3 21 /* input_struc_basic is used for type 1 addressing */ 3 22 3 23 dcl 1 input_struc_basic based (input_ptr), 3 24 2 type fixed bin, 3 25 2 operand_no fixed bin, 3 26 2 lock fixed bin, 3 27 2 segno fixed bin, 3 28 2 char_offset fixed bin (24), 3 29 2 send_receive fixed bin; 3 30 3 31 3 32 dcl 1 input_struc based (input_ptr), 3 33 2 type fixed bin, 3 34 2 operand_no fixed bin, 3 35 2 lock fixed bin, 3 36 2 operand (0 refer (input_struc.operand_no)), 3 37 3 token_ptr ptr, 3 38 3 send_receive fixed bin, 3 39 3 ic_mod fixed bin, 3 40 3 size_sw fixed bin; 3 41 3 42 /* reloc_struc is used for all types of addressing * all types */ 3 43 3 44 dcl 1 reloc_struc (input_struc.operand_no + 1) based (reloc_ptr), 3 45 2 left_wd bit (5) aligned, 3 46 2 right_wd bit (5) aligned; 3 47 3 48 /* Instruction format for 1 word instruction */ 3 49 3 50 3 51 dcl 1 inst_struc_basic based (inst_ptr) aligned, 3 52 2 y unaligned, 3 53 3 pr bit (3) unaligned, 3 54 3 wd_offset bit (15) unaligned, 3 55 2 fill1_op bit (10) unaligned, 3 56 2 zero1 bit (1) unaligned, 3 57 2 pr_spec bit (1) unaligned, 3 58 2 tm bit (2) unaligned, 3 59 2 td bit (4) unaligned; 3 60 3 61 3 62 /* The detailed definitions of the fields in this structure 3 63* can be found in the GMAP manual section 8 */ 3 64 /* EIS instruction format for 2_4 word instructions */ 3 65 3 66 dcl 1 inst_struc based (inst_ptr) aligned, 3 67 2 inst unaligned, 3 68 3 zero1 bit (2) unaligned, 3 69 3 mf3 unaligned, 3 70 4 pr_spec bit (1) unaligned, 3 71 4 reg_or_length bit (1) unaligned, 3 72 4 zero2 bit (1) unaligned, 3 73 4 reg_mod bit (4) unaligned, 3 74 3 zero3 bit (2) unaligned, 3 75 3 mf2 unaligned, 3 76 4 pr_spec bit (1) unaligned, 3 77 4 reg_or_length bit (1) unaligned, 3 78 4 zero4 bit (1) unaligned, 3 79 4 reg_mod bit (4) unaligned, 3 80 3 fill1_op bit (10) unaligned, 3 81 3 zero5 bit (1) unaligned, 3 82 3 mf1 unaligned, 3 83 4 pr_spec bit (1) unaligned, 3 84 4 reg_or_length bit (1) unaligned, 3 85 4 zero6 bit (1) unaligned, 3 86 4 reg_mod bit (4) unaligned, 3 87 2 desc_ext unaligned, 3 88 3 desc (512) unaligned, 3 89 4 desc_od bit (36) unaligned; 3 90 3 91 /* The detailed definitions of the fields in this structure 3 92* can be found in the GMAP manual section 8. 3 93* The desc_ext is the descriptor extension of this eis 3 94* instruction. The number of descriptors associated with 3 95* this instruction is equavalent to the operand number. 3 96* Depending on operand data type, the descriptor 3 97* can be alphanumeric or numeric. The structures of the 3 98* alphanumeric and the numeric descriptors are defined 3 99* below. */ 3 100 3 101 /* alphanumeric descriptor format */ 3 102 3 103 dcl 1 desc_an based (desc_an_ptr) unaligned, 3 104 2 desc_f (512) unaligned, 3 105 3 y unaligned, 3 106 4 pr bit (3) unaligned, 3 107 4 wd_offset bit (15) unaligned, 3 108 3 char_n bit (3) unaligned, 3 109 3 zero1 bit (1) unaligned, 3 110 3 ta bit (2), 3 111 3 n bit (12) unaligned; 3 112 3 113 3 114 /* The detailed definitions of the fields in this structure can 3 115* be found in the GMAP manual section 8. */ 3 116 /* numeric descriptor format */ 3 117 3 118 dcl desc_nn_ptr ptr; 3 119 dcl desc_an_ptr ptr; 3 120 3 121 3 122 dcl 1 desc_nn based (desc_nn_ptr) unaligned, 3 123 2 desc_f (512) unaligned, 3 124 3 y unaligned, 3 125 4 pr bit (3) unaligned, 3 126 4 wd_offset bit (15) unaligned, 3 127 3 digit_n bit (3) unaligned, 3 128 3 tn bit (1) unaligned, 3 129 3 sign_type bit (2) unaligned, 3 130 3 scal bit (6) unaligned, 3 131 3 n bit (6) unaligned; 3 132 3 133 3 134 /* The detailed definitions of fields in this structure can 3 135* be found in the GMAP manual section 8. */ 3 136 /* END INCLUDE FILE ... cobol_addr_tokens.incl.pl1 */ 3 137 178 179 180 181 /**************************************************/ 182 /* END OF PROCEDURE */ 183 /* cobol_mpy */ 184 /**************************************************/ 185 186 end cobol_mpy; SOURCE FILES USED IN THIS COMPILATION. LINE NUMBER DATE MODIFIED NAME PATHNAME 0 05/24/89 0830.5 cobol_mpy.pl1 >spec>install>MR12.3-1048>cobol_mpy.pl1 175 1 03/27/82 0439.9 cobol_type9.incl.pl1 >ldd>include>cobol_type9.incl.pl1 1-17 2 11/11/82 1712.7 cobol_TYPE9.incl.pl1 >ldd>include>cobol_TYPE9.incl.pl1 178 3 05/24/89 0811.7 cobol_addr_tokens.incl.pl1 >spec>install>MR12.3-1048>cobol_addr_tokens.incl.pl1 NAMES DECLARED IN THIS COMPILATION. IDENTIFIER OFFSET LOC STORAGE CLASS DATA TYPE ATTRIBUTES AND REFERENCES (* indicates a set context) NAMES DECLARED BY DECLARE STATEMENT. addr builtin function dcl 170 ref 115 116 117 addr_input_buffer 000124 automatic fixed bin(17,0) array dcl 100 set ref 116 addr_inst_buffer 000112 automatic fixed bin(17,0) array dcl 97 set ref 117 ascii_packed_dec 21(30) based bit(1) level 2 packed packed unaligned dcl 1-16 ref 144 cobol_addr 000010 constant entry external dcl 77 ref 138 cobol_emit 000012 constant entry external dcl 78 ref 148 data_name based structure level 1 unaligned dcl 1-16 dv2d_op constant bit(10) initial packed unaligned dcl 87 ref 135 fill1_op 0(18) based bit(10) level 3 packed packed unaligned dcl 3-66 set ref 133* 135* input_ptr 000162 automatic pointer dcl 3-18 set ref 116* 120 121 122 124 125 126 128 129 130 138* input_struc based structure level 1 unaligned dcl 3-32 inst based structure level 2 packed packed unaligned dcl 3-66 inst_ptr 000164 automatic pointer dcl 3-18 set ref 117* 133 135 138* 142 144 148* inst_struc based structure level 1 dcl 3-66 lock 2 based fixed bin(17,0) level 2 dcl 3-32 set ref 122* mp2d_op constant bit(10) initial packed unaligned dcl 86 ref 133 opcode_code parameter fixed bin(35,0) dcl 54 ref 32 133 operand 4 based structure array level 2 unaligned dcl 3-32 operand_no 1 based fixed bin(17,0) level 2 dcl 3-32 set ref 121* operand_ptr parameter pointer dcl 52 ref 32 124 reloc_buffer 000100 automatic fixed bin(17,0) array dcl 94 set ref 115 reloc_ptr 000166 automatic pointer dcl 3-18 set ref 115* 138* 148* result_ptr parameter pointer dcl 53 ref 32 128 142 144 144 rounded 22(24) based bit(1) level 2 packed packed unaligned dcl 1-16 ref 142 seg_num 23 based fixed bin(17,0) level 2 dcl 1-16 ref 144 send_receive 6 based fixed bin(17,0) array level 3 dcl 3-32 set ref 125* 129* size_sw 10 based fixed bin(17,0) array level 3 dcl 3-32 set ref 126* 130* token_ptr 4 based pointer array level 3 dcl 3-32 set ref 124* 128* type based fixed bin(17,0) level 2 dcl 3-32 set ref 120* zero1 based bit(2) level 3 packed packed unaligned dcl 3-66 set ref 144* zero3 0(09) based bit(2) level 3 packed packed unaligned dcl 3-66 set ref 142* NAMES DECLARED BY DECLARE STATEMENT AND NEVER REFERENCED. addrel builtin function dcl 170 binary builtin function dcl 170 desc_an based structure level 1 packed packed unaligned dcl 3-103 desc_an_ptr automatic pointer dcl 3-119 desc_nn based structure level 1 packed packed unaligned dcl 3-122 desc_nn_ptr automatic pointer dcl 3-118 dn_ptr automatic pointer dcl 103 fixed builtin function dcl 170 index builtin function dcl 170 input_struc_basic based structure level 1 unaligned dcl 3-23 inst_struc_basic based structure level 1 dcl 3-51 length builtin function dcl 170 mod builtin function dcl 170 null builtin function dcl 170 rel builtin function dcl 170 reloc_struc based structure array level 1 unaligned dcl 3-44 string builtin function dcl 170 substr builtin function dcl 170 unspec builtin function dcl 170 NAME DECLARED BY EXPLICIT CONTEXT. cobol_mpy 000006 constant entry external dcl 32 THERE WERE NO NAMES DECLARED BY CONTEXT OR IMPLICATION. STORAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR THIS PROGRAM. Object Text Link Symbol Defs Static Start 0 0 174 210 134 204 Length 430 134 14 203 40 0 BLOCK NAME STACK SIZE TYPE WHY NONQUICK/WHO SHARES STACK FRAME cobol_mpy 129 external procedure is an external procedure. STORAGE FOR AUTOMATIC VARIABLES. STACK FRAME LOC IDENTIFIER BLOCK NAME cobol_mpy 000100 reloc_buffer cobol_mpy 000112 addr_inst_buffer cobol_mpy 000124 addr_input_buffer cobol_mpy 000162 input_ptr cobol_mpy 000164 inst_ptr cobol_mpy 000166 reloc_ptr cobol_mpy THE FOLLOWING EXTERNAL OPERATORS ARE USED BY THIS PROGRAM. call_ext_out return_mac ext_entry THE FOLLOWING EXTERNAL ENTRIES ARE CALLED BY THIS PROGRAM. cobol_addr cobol_emit NO EXTERNAL VARIABLES ARE USED BY THIS PROGRAM. LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC LINE LOC 32 000002 115 000013 116 000015 117 000017 120 000021 121 000023 122 000025 124 000026 125 000032 126 000033 128 000034 129 000037 130 000041 133 000042 135 000052 138 000056 142 000070 144 000102 148 000116 152 000133 ----------------------------------------------------------- Historical Background This edition of the Multics software materials and documentation is provided and donated to Massachusetts Institute of Technology by Group BULL including BULL HN Information Systems Inc. as a contribution to computer science knowledge. This donation is made also to give evidence of the common contributions of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Bell Laboratories, General Electric, Honeywell Information Systems Inc., Honeywell BULL Inc., Groupe BULL and BULL HN Information Systems Inc. to the development of this operating system. Multics development was initiated by Massachusetts Institute of Technology Project MAC (1963-1970), renamed the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence in the mid 1970s, under the leadership of Professor Fernando Jose Corbato. Users consider that Multics provided the best software architecture for managing computer hardware properly and for executing programs. Many subsequent operating systems incorporated Multics principles. Multics was distributed in 1975 to 2000 by Group Bull in Europe , and in the U.S. by Bull HN Information Systems Inc., as successor in interest by change in name only to Honeywell Bull Inc. and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. . ----------------------------------------------------------- Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute these programs and their documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,provided that the below copyright notice and historical background appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and historical background and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of MIT, HIS, BULL or BULL HN not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the programs without specific prior written permission. Copyright 1972 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Honeywell Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by BULL HN Information Systems Inc. Copyright 2006 by Bull SAS All Rights Reserved