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music21.dynamics

Classes and functions for creating and manipulating dynamic symbols. Rather than subclasses, the Dynamic object is often specialized by parameters.

music21.dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(n)

Given a decimal from 0 to 1, return a string representing a dynamic with 0 being the softest (0.01 = ‘ppp’) and 1 being the loudest (0.9+ = ‘fff’) 0 returns “n” (niente), while ppp and fff are the loudest dynamics used.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(0.25)
'pp'
>>> dynamics.dynamicStrFromDecimal(1)
'fff'

Dynamic

Inherits from: Music21Object

class music21.dynamics.Dynamic(value=None)

Object representation of Dynamics.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> pp1 = dynamics.Dynamic('pp')
>>> pp1.value
'pp'
>>> pp1.longName
'pianissimo'
>>> pp1.englishName
'very soft'

Dynamics can also be specified on a 0 to 1 scale with 1 being the loudest (see dynamicStrFromDecimal() above)

>>> pp2 = dynamics.Dynamic(0.15) # on 0 to 1 scale
>>> pp2.value
'ppp'
>>> pp2.volumeScalar
0.15

Dynamics can be placed anywhere in a stream.

>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> s.insert(0, note.HalfNote('E-4'))
>>> s.insert(2, note.HalfNote('F#5'))
>>> s.insert(0, dynamics.Dynamic('pp'))
>>> s.insert(1, dynamics.Dynamic('mf'))
>>> s.insert(3, dynamics.Dynamic('fff'))
>>> s.show()
_images/dynamics_simple.png

Dynamic attributes

longName

the name of this dynamic in Italian.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> d = dynamic.Dynamic('pp')
>>> d.longName
'pianissimo'
englishName

the name of this dynamic in English.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> d = dynamics.Dynamic('pp')
>>> d.englishName
'very soft'

Attributes without Documentation: classSortOrder

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: isSpanner, isStream, isVariant, xPosition, id, sites, groups, hideObjectOnPrint

Dynamic properties

positionVertical

Get or set the the vertical position, where 0 is the top line of the staff and units are in 10ths of a staff space.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> te = expressions.TextExpression()
>>> te.positionVertical = 10
>>> te.positionVertical
10.0
value

Get or set the value of this dynamic, which sets the long and english names of this Dynamic. The value is a string specification.

volumeScalar

Get or set the volume scalar for this dynamic. If not explicitly set, a default volume scalar will be provided. Any number between 0 and 1 can be used to set the volume scalar, overriding the expected behavior.

As mezzo is at .5, the unit interval range is doubled for generating final output. The default output is .5.

>>> from music21 import *
>>> d = dynamics.Dynamic('mf')
>>> d.volumeScalar
0.55...

int(volumeScalar * 127) gives the MusicXML <sound dynamics=”x”/> tag

>>> print musicxml.m21ToString.fromMusic21Object(d)
<?xml...
<direction>
    <direction-type>
      <dynamics default-x="-36" default-y="-80">
        <mf/>
      </dynamics>
    </direction-type>
    <offset>0</offset>
    <sound dynamics="69"/>
</direction>...

Properties inherited from Music21Object: activeSite, beat, beatDuration, beatStr, beatStrength, classes, derivationHierarchy, duration, fullyQualifiedClasses, isGrace, measureNumber, offset, priority, seconds

Dynamic methods

Crescendo

Inherits from: DynamicWedge, Spanner, Music21Object

class music21.dynamics.Crescendo(*arguments, **keywords)

A spanner crescendo wedge.

>>> from music21 import dynamics
>>> d = dynamics.Crescendo()
>>> d.getStartParameters()
{'spread': 0, 'type': 'crescendo'}
>>> d.getEndParameters()
{'spread': 15, 'type': 'stop'}

Crescendo attributes

Attributes inherited from DynamicWedge: spread, placement, type

Attributes inherited from Spanner: isSpanner, spannedElements, idLocal, completeStatus

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, xPosition, sites, groups, id

Crescendo properties

Crescendo methods

getEndParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

getStartParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

Methods inherited from Spanner: addSpannedElements(), getDurationBySite(), getDurationSpanBySite(), getFirst(), getLast(), getOffsetSpanBySite(), getOffsetsBySite(), getSpannedElementIds(), getSpannedElements(), getSpannedElementsByClass(), getSpannerStorageId(), hasSpannedElement(), isFirst(), isLast(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), replaceSpannedElement(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: findAttributeInHierarchy(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), write()

Diminuendo

Inherits from: DynamicWedge, Spanner, Music21Object

class music21.dynamics.Diminuendo(*arguments, **keywords)

A spanner diminuendo wedge.

>>> from music21 import dynamics
>>> d = dynamics.Diminuendo()
>>> d.getStartParameters()
{'spread': 15, 'type': 'diminuendo'}
>>> d.getEndParameters()
{'spread': 0, 'type': 'stop'}

Diminuendo attributes

Attributes inherited from DynamicWedge: spread, placement, type

Attributes inherited from Spanner: isSpanner, spannedElements, idLocal, completeStatus

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, xPosition, sites, groups, id

Diminuendo properties

Diminuendo methods

getEndParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

getStartParameters()

Return the parameters for the start of this spanner

Methods inherited from Spanner: addSpannedElements(), getDurationBySite(), getDurationSpanBySite(), getFirst(), getLast(), getOffsetSpanBySite(), getOffsetsBySite(), getSpannedElementIds(), getSpannedElements(), getSpannedElementsByClass(), getSpannerStorageId(), hasSpannedElement(), isFirst(), isLast(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), replaceSpannedElement(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: findAttributeInHierarchy(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), write()

DynamicWedge

Inherits from: Spanner, Music21Object

class music21.dynamics.DynamicWedge(*arguments, **keywords)

Common base-class for Crescendo and Diminuendo.

DynamicWedge attributes

Attributes without Documentation: spread, placement, type

Attributes inherited from Spanner: isSpanner, spannedElements, idLocal, completeStatus

Attributes inherited from Music21Object: classSortOrder, isStream, isVariant, hideObjectOnPrint, xPosition, sites, groups, id

DynamicWedge properties

DynamicWedge methods

Methods inherited from Spanner: addSpannedElements(), getDurationBySite(), getDurationSpanBySite(), getFirst(), getLast(), getOffsetSpanBySite(), getOffsetsBySite(), getSpannedElementIds(), getSpannedElements(), getSpannedElementsByClass(), getSpannerStorageId(), hasSpannedElement(), isFirst(), isLast(), purgeLocations(), purgeOrphans(), replaceSpannedElement(), unwrapWeakref(), wrapWeakref()

Methods inherited from Music21Object: findAttributeInHierarchy(), getContextAttr(), setContextAttr(), addContext(), addLocation(), getAllContextsByClass(), getContextByClass(), getOffsetBySite(), getSiteIds(), getSites(), getSpannerSites(), hasContext(), hasSite(), hasSpannerSite(), hasVariantSite(), isClassOrSubclass(), mergeAttributes(), next(), previous(), removeLocationBySite(), removeLocationBySiteId(), setOffsetBySite(), show(), splitAtDurations(), splitAtQuarterLength(), splitByQuarterLengths(), write()

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© Copyright 2008-2013, Michael Scott Cuthbert and the music21 Project. Last updated on May 11, 2013. Created using Sphinx 1.1.3.