music21.stream.core

the Stream Core Mixin handles the core attributes of streams that should be thought of almost as private values and not used except by advanced programmers who need the highest speed in programming.

Nothing here promises to be stable. The music21 team can make any changes here for efficiency reasons while being considered backwards compatible so long as the public methods that call these methods remain stable.

All functions here will eventually begin with .core.

StreamCore

class music21.stream.core.StreamCore(**keywords)

Core aspects of a Stream’s behavior. Any of these can change at any time. Users are encouraged only to create stream.Stream objects.

StreamCore bases

• Music21Object

• ProtoM21Object

StreamCore read-only properties

StreamCore.spannerBundle

A low-level object for Spanner management. This is a read-only property.

Read-only properties inherited from Music21Object:

beat beatDuration beatStr

beatStrength hasEditorialInformation

hasStyleInformation measureNumber

Read-only properties inherited from ProtoM21Object:

classSet

classes

StreamCore read/write properties

Read/write properties inherited from Music21Object:

activeSite derivation duration editorial

id offset priority

quarterLength seconds style

StreamCore methods

StreamCore.asTimespans(*, flatten=True, classList=None)

Convert stream to a TimespanTree instance, a highly optimized data structure for searching through elements and offsets.

>>> score = tree.makeExampleScore()
>>> scoreTree = score.asTimespans()
>>> print(scoreTree)
<TimespanTree {20} (0.0 to 8.0) <music21.stream.Score exampleScore>>
    <ElementTimespan (0.0 to 0.0) <music21.clef.BassClef>>
    <ElementTimespan (0.0 to 0.0) <music21.meter.TimeSignature 2/4>>
    <ElementTimespan (0.0 to 0.0) <music21.instrument.Instrument 'PartA: : '>>
    <ElementTimespan (0.0 to 0.0) <music21.clef.BassClef>>
    <ElementTimespan (0.0 to 0.0) <music21.meter.TimeSignature 2/4>>
    <ElementTimespan (0.0 to 0.0) <music21.instrument.Instrument 'PartB: : '>>
    <PitchedTimespan (0.0 to 1.0) <music21.note.Note C>>
    <PitchedTimespan (0.0 to 2.0) <music21.note.Note C#>>
    <PitchedTimespan (1.0 to 2.0) <music21.note.Note D>>
    <PitchedTimespan (2.0 to 3.0) <music21.note.Note E>>
    <PitchedTimespan (2.0 to 4.0) <music21.note.Note G#>>
    <PitchedTimespan (3.0 to 4.0) <music21.note.Note F>>
    <PitchedTimespan (4.0 to 5.0) <music21.note.Note G>>
    <PitchedTimespan (4.0 to 6.0) <music21.note.Note E#>>
    <PitchedTimespan (5.0 to 6.0) <music21.note.Note A>>
    <PitchedTimespan (6.0 to 7.0) <music21.note.Note B>>
    <PitchedTimespan (6.0 to 8.0) <music21.note.Note D#>>
    <PitchedTimespan (7.0 to 8.0) <music21.note.Note C>>
    <ElementTimespan (8.0 to 8.0) <music21.bar.Barline type=final>>
    <ElementTimespan (8.0 to 8.0) <music21.bar.Barline type=final>>

StreamCore.asTree(*, flatten=False, classList=None, useTimespans=False, groupOffsets=False)

Returns an elementTree of the score, using exact positioning.

See tree.fromStream.asTree() for more details.

>>> score = tree.makeExampleScore()
>>> scoreTree = score.asTree(flatten=True)
>>> scoreTree
<ElementTree {20} (0.0 <0.-25...> to 8.0) <music21.stream.Score exampleScore>>

StreamCore.coreAppend(element: Music21Object, *, setActiveSite=True) → None

N.B. – a “core” method, not to be used by general users. Run .append() instead.

Low level appending; like coreInsert does not error check, determine elements changed, or similar operations.

When using this method, the caller is responsible for calling Stream.coreElementsChanged after all operations are completed.

StreamCore.coreCopyAsDerivation(methodName: str, *, recurse=True, deep=True) → M21ObjType

This is a Core method that most users will not need to use.

Make a copy of this stream with the proper derivation set.

>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> n = note.Note()
>>> s.append(n)
>>> s2 = s.coreCopyAsDerivation('exampleCopy')
>>> s2.derivation.method
'exampleCopy'
>>> s2.derivation.origin is s
True
>>> s2[0].derivation.method
'exampleCopy'

StreamCore.coreElementsChanged(*, updateIsFlat: bool = True, clearIsSorted: bool = True, memo: list[int] | None = None, keepIndex: bool = False) → None

NB – a “core” stream method that is not necessary for most users.

This method is called automatically any time the elements in the Stream are changed. However, it may be called manually in case sites or other advanced features of an element have been modified. It was previously a private method and for most users should still be treated as such.

The various arguments permit optimizing the clearing of cached data in situations when completely dropping all cached data is excessive.

>>> a = stream.Stream()
>>> a.isFlat
True

Here we manipulate the private ._elements storage (which generally shouldn’t be done) using coreAppend and thus need to call .coreElementsChanged directly.

>>> a.coreAppend(stream.Stream())
>>> a.isFlat  # this is wrong.
True

>>> a.coreElementsChanged()
>>> a.isFlat
False

StreamCore.coreGatherMissingSpanners(*, recurse: bool = True, requireAllPresent: bool = True, insert: bool = True, constrainingSpannerBundle: SpannerBundle | None = None) → list[music21.spanner.Spanner] | None

find all spanners that are referenced by elements in the (recursed if recurse=True) stream and either inserts them in the Stream (if insert is True) or returns them if insert is False.

If requireAllPresent is True (default) then only those spanners whose complete spanned elements are in the Stream are returned.

Because spanners are stored weakly in .sites this is only guaranteed to find the spanners in cases where the spanner is in another stream that is still active.

Here’s a little helper function since we’ll make the same Stream several times, with two slurred notes, but without the slur itself. Python’s garbage collection will get rid of the slur if we do not prevent it

>>> preventGarbageCollection = []
>>> def getStream():
...    s = stream.Stream()
...    n = note.Note('C')
...    m = note.Note('D')
...    sl = spanner.Slur(n, m)
...    preventGarbageCollection.append(sl)
...    s.append([n, m])
...    return s

Okay now we have a Stream with two slurred notes, but without the slur. coreGatherMissingSpanners() will put it in at the beginning.

>>> s = getStream()
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
{1.0} <music21.note.Note D>
>>> s.coreGatherMissingSpanners()
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
{0.0} <music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>
{1.0} <music21.note.Note D>

Now, the same Stream, but insert is False, so it will return a list of Spanners that should be inserted, rather than inserting them.

>>> s = getStream()
>>> spList = s.coreGatherMissingSpanners(insert=False)
>>> spList
[<music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>]
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
{1.0} <music21.note.Note D>

Now we’ll remove the second note so not all elements of the Slur are present. This, by default, will not insert the Slur:

>>> s = getStream()
>>> s.remove(s[-1])
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
>>> s.coreGatherMissingSpanners()
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>

But with requireAllPresent=False, the spanner appears!

>>> s.coreGatherMissingSpanners(requireAllPresent=False)
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
{0.0} <music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>

With recurse=False, then spanners are not gathered inside the inner stream:

>>> part = stream.Part()
>>> s = getStream()
>>> part.insert(0, s)
>>> part.coreGatherMissingSpanners(recurse=False)
>>> part.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.stream.Stream 0x104935b00>
    {0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
    {1.0} <music21.note.Note D>

But the default acts with recursion:

>>> part.coreGatherMissingSpanners()
>>> part.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.stream.Stream 0x104935b00>
    {0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
    {1.0} <music21.note.Note D>
{0.0} <music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>

Spanners already in the stream are not put there again:

>>> s = getStream()
>>> sl = s.notes.first().getSpannerSites()[0]
>>> sl
<music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>
>>> s.insert(0, sl)
>>> s.coreGatherMissingSpanners()
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
{0.0} <music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>
{1.0} <music21.note.Note D>

Also does not happen with recursion.

>>> part = stream.Part()
>>> s = getStream()
>>> sl = s.notes.first().getSpannerSites()[0]
>>> s.insert(0, sl)
>>> part.insert(0, s)
>>> part.coreGatherMissingSpanners()
>>> part.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.stream.Stream 0x104935b00>
    {0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
    {0.0} <music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>
    {1.0} <music21.note.Note D>

If constrainingSpannerBundle is set then only spanners also present in that spannerBundle are added. This can be useful, for instance, in restoring spanners from an excerpt that might already have spanners removed. In Jacob Tyler Walls’s brilliant phrasing, it prevents regrowing zombie spanners that you thought you had killed.

Here we will constrain only to spanners also present in another Stream:

>>> s = getStream()
>>> s2 = stream.Stream()
>>> s.coreGatherMissingSpanners(constrainingSpannerBundle=s2.spannerBundle)
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
{1.0} <music21.note.Note D>

Now with the same constraint, but we will put the Slur into the other stream.

>>> sl = s.notes.first().getSpannerSites()[0]
>>> s2.insert(0, sl)
>>> s.coreGatherMissingSpanners(constrainingSpannerBundle=s2.spannerBundle)
>>> s.show('text')
{0.0} <music21.note.Note C>
{0.0} <music21.spanner.Slur <music21.note.Note C><music21.note.Note D>>
{1.0} <music21.note.Note D>

StreamCore.coreGetElementByMemoryLocation(objId)

NB – a “core” stream method that is not necessary for most users.

Low-level tool to get an element based only on the object id.

This is not the same as getElementById, which refers to the id attribute which may be manually set and not unique.

However, some implementations of python will reuse object locations, sometimes quickly, so don’t keep these around.

Used by spanner and variant.

>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> n1 = note.Note('g')
>>> n2 = note.Note('g#')
>>> s.append(n1)
>>> s.coreGetElementByMemoryLocation(id(n1)) is n1
True
>>> s.coreGetElementByMemoryLocation(id(n2)) is None
True
>>> b = bar.Barline()
>>> s.storeAtEnd(b)
>>> s.coreGetElementByMemoryLocation(id(b)) is b
True

StreamCore.coreGuardBeforeAddElement(element, *, checkRedundancy=True)

Before adding an element, this method performs important checks on that element.

Used by:

• insert()

• append()

• storeAtEnd()

• Stream.__init__()

Returns None or raises a StreamException

>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> s.coreGuardBeforeAddElement(s)
Traceback (most recent call last):
music21.exceptions21.StreamException: this Stream cannot be contained within itself

>>> s.append(s.iter())
Traceback (most recent call last):
music21.exceptions21.StreamException: cannot insert StreamIterator into a Stream
Iterate over it instead (User's Guide chs. 6 and 26)

>>> s.insert(4, 3.14159)
Traceback (most recent call last):
music21.exceptions21.StreamException: The object you tried to add to
the Stream, 3.14159, is not a Music21Object.  Use an ElementWrapper
object if this is what you intend.

StreamCore.coreHasElementByMemoryLocation(objId: int) → bool

NB – a “core” stream method that is not necessary for most users. use hasElement(obj)

Return True if an element object id, provided as an argument, is contained in this Stream.

>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> n1 = note.Note('g')
>>> n2 = note.Note('g#')
>>> s.append(n1)
>>> s.coreHasElementByMemoryLocation(id(n1))
True
>>> s.coreHasElementByMemoryLocation(id(n2))
False

StreamCore.coreInsert(offset: float | Fraction, element: Music21Object, *, ignoreSort=False, setActiveSite=True) → bool

N.B. – a “core” method, not to be used by general users. Run .insert() instead.

A faster way of inserting elements that performs no checks, just insertion.

Only be used in contexts that we know we have a proper, single Music21Object. Best for usage when taking objects in a known Stream and creating a new Stream

When using this method, the caller is responsible for calling Stream.coreElementsChanged after all operations are completed.

Do not mix coreInsert with coreAppend operations.

Returns boolean if the Stream (assuming it was sorted before) is still guaranteed to be sorted. (False doesn’t mean that it’s not sorted, just that we can’t guarantee it.) If you don’t care and plan to sort the stream later, then use ignoreSort=True.

StreamCore.coreSelfActiveSite(el)

Set the activeSite of el to be self.

Override for SpannerStorage, VariantStorage, which should never become the activeSite

StreamCore.coreSetElementOffset(element: Music21Object, offset: int | float | Fraction | OffsetSpecial, *, addElement=False, setActiveSite=True) → None

Sets the Offset for an element, very quickly. Caller is responsible for calling coreElementsChanged() afterward.

>>> s = stream.Stream()
>>> s.id = 'Stream1'
>>> n = note.Note('B-4')
>>> s.insert(10, n)
>>> n.offset
10.0
>>> s.coreSetElementOffset(n, 20.0)
>>> n.offset
20.0
>>> n.getOffsetBySite(s)
20.0

StreamCore.coreStoreAtEnd(element, setActiveSite=True)

NB – this is a “core” method. General users should use .storeAtEnd() instead.

Core method for adding end elements. To be called by other methods.

Methods inherited from Music21Object:

__eq__() clearCache() containerHierarchy() contextSites() getAllContextsByClass() getContextByClass() getOffsetBySite() getOffsetInHierarchy()

getSpannerSites() informSites() mergeAttributes() next() previous() purgeLocations() purgeOrphans()

setOffsetBySite() show() sortTuple() splitAtDurations() splitAtQuarterLength() splitByQuarterLengths() write()

Methods inherited from ProtoM21Object:

isClassOrSubclass()

StreamCore instance variables

Instance variables inherited from Music21Object:

classSortOrder groups

isStream

sites