Required: Anne Whiston Spirn, "Ecological Urbanism," written for Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design, Pickett, et al. (Springer, 2013); Raymond Williams, "Ecology," "Development," and "Nature," in Keywords (Oxford, 1983).

Further Reading: Randolph T. Hester, Design for Ecological Democracy (MIT Press, 2007); S.T. A. Pickett, M. L. Cadenasso, and Brian McGrath, eds., Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design (Springer, 2013); Mohsen Mostafavi and Gareth Doherty, eds., Ecological Urbanism (Lars Müller, 2010); Kevin Lynch, Good City Form (MIT, 1981); Anne Whiston Spirn, "The Authority of Nature: Conflict, Confusion, and Renewal in Design, Planning, and Ecology,"; in Ecology and Design, Bart Johnson and Kristina Hill, eds. (Island Press).

Required: Dolores Hayden, The Power of Place: Urban Landscapes as Public History (MIT Press, 1995), Preface, Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, pp. x-43; Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin, “Constructing the Modern Networked City, 1850-1960,” in Splintering Urbanism (Routledge, 2001): pp. 40-89; Karilyn Crockett, "Preface," "Groundwork: Imagining a Highwayless Future," and "Epilogue" in People before Highways: Boston Activists, Urban Planners and a New Movement for City Making (UMASS Press 2018), pp. vii-xi, 72-104, 196-205; Mel King,"Growing Up in the South End," "Creating the Ghetto," and "A Vision for our City" in Chain of Change (Hugs Press, rev. ed. 1981), pp. 8-12, 13-22, 190-199. Also browse these websites: MYTOWN (youth-authored public history photoblog) and MYTOWN Archive (youth-led archive curation).

Further Reading: TBA

Required: Spirn, "The Nature of Mill Creek: Landscape Literacy and Design for Ecological Democracy" (2016) and Spirn, The West Philadelphia Landscape Plan: A Framework for Action (WPLP, 1991); West Philadelphia Landscape Project website, see especially: Timeline and Stories.

Further Reading: Selected projects by Newton and Helen Harrison in Time of the Force Majeure: Sava River, Baltimore Promenade, Knowle West, Endangered Meadows of Europe; Spirn, Language of Landscape (Yale, 1998); Spirn, "Reclaiming Common Ground: Water, Neighborhoods, and Public Spaces," in Robert Fishman, ed., The American Planning Tradition (Woodrow Wilson Press and Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000); Spirn and Michele Pollio, Vacant Land: A Resource for Reshaping Urban Neighborhoods (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Pollio, "This Garden Is a Town" (WPLP, 1990); Spirn and Mark Campbell, Shaping the Block (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Daniel Marcucci Models of Success: Landscape Improvements and Community Development (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Robert Cheetham, The Digital Database: Atlas and Guide (WPLP, 1996); Randolph T. Hester, Design for Ecological Democracy (MIT Press, 2007); Ian McHarg, "An Ecological Method for Landscape Architecture," Landscape Architecture (1967); Kevin Lynch, "Environmental Adaptability (1958)," in Banerjee and Southworth, eds., City Sense and City Design (MIT, 1990); Lynch, Good City Form (MIT, 1981); John Jakle and David Wilson, Derelict Landscapes: The Wasting of America’s Built Environment (Rowman and Littlefield, 1992); Bunyan Bryant, ed., Environmental Justice (Island, 1995); Sam Bass Warner, To Dwell Is to Garden (Northeastern, 1987).

Required: Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (Liverwright, 2017); Review Philadelphia HOLC map in Mapping Inequality; Reveal podcast, The Red Line: Racial Disparities in Lending; Anne Whiston Spirn, "Ecological Urbanism," written for Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design, Pickett, et al. (Springer, 2013).

Further Reading: Devin Bunten, "A Sense of Where You Are," Frank News, May 23, 2018; Lawrence Vale, "The Ideological Origins of Affordable Homeownership Efforts," in Chasing the American Dream, edited by William Rohe and Harry Watson (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007); Lawrence Vale, "Public Housing and Private Initiative," in Purging the Poorest (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2013); Amy Hillier, "Redlining and the Homeowners' Loan Corporation," Journal of Urban History 29:4 (2003); Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton, American Apartheid; Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiro, "A Story of Two Nations: Race and Wealth," in Black Wealth/White Wealth (1997).

Required: Justin Steil, et al., "The Social Structure of Mortgage Discrimination" (2017); "Wells Fargo Loses Bid to End Philadelphia Predatory Lending Lawsuit," January 16, 2018; Frank Alexander, "Tax Liens, Tax Sales, and Due Process," Indiana Law Journal 75 (2000); Darius Barazandeh, "Tax Lien and Deed Investing" (2004); Luc Telander, "Preventing 'Tangled Titles' and Subsequent Blight in Philadelphia" (2004); Elizabeth Shay, et al., "Tangled Title and Deed Fraud" (2004); Philadelphia Story: No Running Water for Eight Years; Alex Schwartz and Edwin Melendez, "After Year 15: Challenges to the Preservation of Housing Financed with Low-income Housing Tax Credits," Housing Policy Debate 19:2 (2008).

Further Reading: Justin Steil, "Innovative Responses to Foreclosure" (2017); Georgette Poindexter et al., "Selling Municipal Tax Receivables: Economics, Privatization, and Public Policy in an Age of Urban Distress," Connecticut Law Review 30 (1997); Elizabeth Renuart, "An Overview of the Predatory Mortgage Lending Process," Housing Policy Debate 15 (2004); James Carr and Lopa Kolluri, "Predatory Lending: An Overview," Fannie Mae Foundation (2001); B. Satter, Family Properties: Race, Real Estate, and the Exploitation of Black Urban America (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009); G. D. Squires, From Redlining to Reinvestment: Community Response to Urban Disinvestment (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1992); Michael Lens and Vincent Reina, "Preserving Neighborhood Opportunity: Where Federal Subsidies Expire" (2015); Gabriel Kuris, "A Huge Problem in Plain Sight: Untangling Heirs' Property Rights in the American South, 2001 – 2017," Innovations for Successful Societies, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 2018; Thomas W. Mitchell, "Reforming Property Law to Address Devastating Land Loss," Alabama Law Review 66:1 (2014); Thomas W. Mitchell, "From Reconstruction to Deconstruction: Undermining Black Landownership, Political Independence, and Community through Partition Sales of Tenancies in Common," Northwestern University Law Review 95:505 (2001) .

Required: Review links in Resources for Philadelphia and Pennsylvania; Monumental Baptist Church Website.

Required: None

Further Reading: None.

Required: Bent Flyvbjerg, "The Power of Example," in Making Social Science Matter (Cambridge University Press, 2001).

Further Reading: SAA/EVI.

Required: Sara Stoutland, Community Development Corporations: Mission, Strategy and Accomplishments, in Urban Problems and Community Development, Ronald Ferguson and William Dickens, Editors (Brookings Institution Press, 1999); Massachusetts Association of CDCs website.

Further Reading: Karl Seidman, et al. "From Urban Renewal to Affordable Housing Production System" (Community Innovators Lab, 2016).

Required Reading: Ceasar McDowell. TBA.

Further Reading: Donald Schon, The Reflective Practitioner (Basic Books, 1983); Bent Flyvbjerg, "The Power of Example," in Making Social Science Matter (Cambridge University Press, 2001). John W. Kingdon, Agendas, Alernatives, and Public Policies (Harper Collins, 1995); Spirn and Daniel Marcucci, Models of Success: Landscape Improvements and Community Development (WPLP, 1991).