Required: Anne Whiston Spirn, "Ecological Urbanism," written for Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design, Pickett, et al. (Springer, 2013); Raymond Williams, "Ecology," "Development," and "Nature," in Keywords (Oxford, 1983).

Further Reading: Randolph T. Hester, Design for Ecological Democracy (MIT Press, 2007); S.T. A. Pickett, M. L. Cadenasso, and Brian McGrath, eds., Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design (Springer, 2013); Mohsen Mostafavi and Gareth Doherty, eds., Ecological Urbanism (Lars Muller, 2010); Kevin Lynch, Good City Form (MIT, 1981); Anne Whiston Spirn, "The Authority of Nature: Conflict, Confusion, and Renewal in Design, Planning, and Ecology,"; in Ecology and Design, Bart Johnson and Kristina Hill, eds. (Island Press).

Required: Spirn, "Part Four: Water" in The Granite Garden: Urban Nature and Human Design (1984); "The Nature of Mill Creek: Landscape Literacy and Design for Ecological Democracy" (2019); "In Place Over Time LA+ (2021); and The West Philadelphia Landscape Plan: A Framework for Action (WPLP, 1991); West Philadelphia Landscape Project website, see especially: Timeline and Stories.

Further Reading: Selected projects by Newton and Helen Harrison in Time of the Force Majeure (Prestel, 2016): Sava River, Baltimore Promenade, Knowle West, Endangered Meadows of Europe; Spirn, "Helen and Newton Harrison: The Art of Inquiry, Manifestation, and Enactment," in Time of the Force Majeure (Prestel 2016); Spirn, Language of Landscape (Yale, 1998);Leonie Sandercock, "Towards a Planning Imagination for the 21st Century," Journal of the American Planning Association 70:2 (2004); Spirn and Michele Pollio, Vacant Land: A Resource for Reshaping Urban Neighborhoods (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Pollio, "This Garden Is a Town" (WPLP, 1990); Spirn and Mark Campbell, Shaping the Block (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Daniel Marcucci Models of Success: Landscape Improvements and Community Development (WPLP, 1991); Spirn and Robert Cheetham, The Digital Database: Atlas and Guide (WPLP, 1996); Randolph T. Hester, Design for Ecological Democracy (MIT Press, 2007); Ian McHarg, "An Ecological Method for Landscape Architecture," Landscape Architecture (1967); Kevin Lynch, "Environmental Adaptability (1958)," in Banerjee and Southworth, eds., City Sense and City Design (MIT, 1990); Lynch, Good City Form (MIT, 1981); John Jakle and David Wilson, Derelict Landscapes: The Wasting of America’s Built Environment (Rowman and Littlefield, 1992); Bunyan Bryant, ed., Environmental Justice (Island, 1995); Sam Bass Warner, To Dwell Is to Garden (Northeastern, 1987).

Required: Kenneth Gould and Tammy Lewis, Green Gentrification: Urban Sustainability and the Struggle for Environmental Justice (Routledge, 2017), pp. 1-41 and 151-176; Winifred Curran and Trina Hamilton, "Introduction," in Just Green Enough: Urban Development and Environmental Gentrification (Taylor & Francis, 2017), pp. 1-12; Alessandro Rigolon, et al., More Than Just Green Enough: Helping Park Professionals Achieve Equitable Greening and Limit Environmental Gentrification (2020); Leslie Kern, "Mobilizing Community Identity to Imagine Just Green Enough Futures: A Chicago Case Study," in Curran and Hamilton, Just Green Enough (2017), pp. 167-180; Rashad Akeem WIlliams, "From Racial to Reparative Planning: Confronting the White Side of Planning", Planning Education and Research (2020).

Further Reading: Julian Agyeman, Introducing Just Sustainabilities: Policy, Planning, and Practice (Zed Books2013); Levy, D.K., Comey, J. and Padilla, S., Keeping the Neighborhood Affordable: A Handbook of Housing Strategies for Gentrifying Areas (Urban Institute, 2006).

Required: Devin Bunten, "A Sense of Where You Are," Frank News, May 23, 2018; Richard Rothstein, The Color of Law: A Forgotten History of How Our Government Segregated America (Liverwright, 2017); Review Philadelphia HOLC map in Mapping Inequality; Philadelphia Office of the Controller, "Mapping the Legacy of Structural Racism in Philadelphia" (January 23, 2020); Reveal podcast, The Red Line: Racial Disparities in Lending.

Further Reading: Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor, Race for Profit: How Banks and the Real Estate Industry Undermined Black Homeownership (U. North Carolina Press, 2019); Amy Hillier, "Redlining and the Homeowners' Loan Corporation," Journal of Urban History 29:4 (2003); Lawrence Vale, "The Ideological Origins of Affordable Homeownership Efforts," in Chasing the American Dream, edited by William Rohe and Harry Watson (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2007); Lawrence Vale, "Public Housing and Private Initiative," in Purging the Poorest (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2013); Amy Hillier, "Redlining and the Homeowners' Loan Corporation," Journal of Urban History 29:4 (2003); Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton, American Apartheid; Melvin Oliver and Thomas Shapiro, "A Story of Two Nations: Race and Wealth," in Black Wealth/White Wealth (1997).

Required: Justin Steil, et al., "The Social Structure of Mortgage Discrimination" (2017); "Wells Fargo Loses Bid to End Philadelphia Predatory Lending Lawsuit," January 16, 2018; Frank Alexander, "Tax Liens, Tax Sales, and Due Process," Indiana Law Journal 75 (2000); Darius Barazandeh, "Tax Lien and Deed Investing" (2004); Luc Telander, "Preventing 'Tangled Titles' and Subsequent Blight in Philadelphia" (2004); Elizabeth Shay, et al., "Tangled Title and Deed Fraud" (2004); Alex Schwartz and Edwin Melendez, "After Year 15: Challenges to the Preservation of Housing Financed with Low-income Housing Tax Credits," Housing Policy Debate 19:2 (2008); 11.308 Holding Ground Proposals (2018 and 2019); Justin Steil, "Antisubordination Planning" (2018).

Further Reading: Justin Steil, "Innovative Responses to Foreclosure" (2017); Georgette Poindexter et al., "Selling Municipal Tax Receivables: Economics, Privatization, and Public Policy in an Age of Urban Distress," Connecticut Law Review 30 (1997); Elizabeth Renuart, "An Overview of the Predatory Mortgage Lending Process," Housing Policy Debate 15 (2004); James Carr and Lopa Kolluri, "Predatory Lending: An Overview," Fannie Mae Foundation (2001); B. Satter, Family Properties: Race, Real Estate, and the Exploitation of Black Urban America (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2009); G. D. Squires, From Redlining to Reinvestment: Community Response to Urban Disinvestment (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1992); Michael Lens and Vincent Reina, "Preserving Neighborhood Opportunity: Where Federal Subsidies Expire" (2015); Gabriel Kuris, "A Huge Problem in Plain Sight: Untangling Heirs' Property Rights in the American South, 2001 – 2017," Innovations for Successful Societies, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, 2018; Thomas W. Mitchell, "Reforming Property Law to Address Devastating Land Loss," Alabama Law Review 66:1 (2014); Thomas W. Mitchell, "From Reconstruction to Deconstruction: Undermining Black Landownership, Political Independence, and Community through Partition Sales of Tenancies in Common," Northwestern University Law Review 95:505 (2001) .

Required: Philadelphia Water Department, Long-term Combined Sewer Overflow Program: Program Summary; watch "The Buried River" and "Green City, Clean Waters"; Rebuild Philadelphia, "West Mill Creek RFP" (2020).

Further Reading: Sarah Madden, Choosing Green Over Gray: Philadelphia's Innovative Stormwater Infrastructure Plan (MIT MCP Thesis, 2010). Browse PWD website. Watch video: "Green City, Clean Waters: 5 Down, 20 to Go."

Required: Justin Steil, "Antisubordination Planning," Planning Education and Research (2018).

Further Reading: Bent Flyvbjerg, "The Power of Example," in Making Social Science Matter (Cambridge University Press, 2001). Browse these websites: MYTOWN (youth-authored public history photoblog); MYTOWN Archive (youth-led archive curation); SAA/EVI.

Required: Anne Whiston Spirn, "Ecological Urbanism," written for Resilience in Ecology and Urban Design, Pickett, et al. (Springer, 2013).

Further Reading: Mohsen Mostafavi and Gareth Doherty, eds., Ecological Urbanism (Lars Muller, 2016; 2010 edition is available online through MIT Libraries).

Further Reading: Donald Schon, The Reflective Practitioner (Basic Books, 1983); Bent Flyvbjerg, "The Power of Example," in Making Social Science Matter (Cambridge University Press, 2001). John W. Kingdon, Agendas, Alernatives, and Public Policies (Harper Collins, 1995); Spirn and Daniel Marcucci, Models of Success: Landscape Improvements and Community Development (WPLP, 1991).