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‡•Ì &®º•Ì#•\ ‡œ'‡<&•l &¸G¸®º#•ì$•¼ ±®ºº¦€? ‡"•Ü ¸&¸G#•ì ®$•ü ±¦‡¬'‡¼2•ì &®º¸•ü•<.¦±•<'•œ±¦‡¬'‡¼'‡¼2•ü ¸&®¸•ü•<.¦±•Ü '•œ±¦‡¬'‡¼%‡¼•\&®º¦(knN ‡<• ¸&¸¦(knN ‡<Z•Œ&®º¸®º•ü• ,• %®º•ì¦€?±•, $•ì¦€?±• ®º±¦±¦€? ‡• ¸&¸¦@C ‡<•ü¸&•Ü•ì±• ‡œ'‡<•¼¸&¸•Ü• ±•l‡œ'‡<.•Ì&®º•Ü• $•¼±•Ì¸%¸•Œ‡œ'‡<•< ¸&¸¦HC‡L '‡\ '‡<•l ¸&¸¦HC‡L '‡¼•| ¸&¸¦–C ‡Œ .•ì&®º¸•|• $®º•¼#•Ì±¦‡œ'‡<•œ ¸&¸•| %•< ‡L '‡<•¬ ¸&¸•\#•| ‡œ• ¸&¸•œ '•l ‡œ'‡<2•Ì¸&¸•ü• &¦@A±•L ®'•œ±¦‡œ'‡<2•\ ¸&¸•ü• &¦@A±•, ®'•œ±¦‡œ'‡<•Ü&®º¸¦€»D ‡œ•,¸&¸•l'•Ü‡œ'‡<*•| ¸&¹•ü• &¦@A±¦±•¼‡œ'‡<.•Œ ¸&¸®•ü• &¦@A±¦±®•Ì‡œ'‡<2•|¸&¸•ü• &¦@A±•Œ'•œ±¦‡œ'‡<• &®º¸¦ ‡¼•, &®º¸¦€? ‡<•¼ ¸&¸¦@A ‡¼2• &®º•|•¼ $•Ì •l±•¼ ±¦ ‡¼•&®º¦ ‡œ•<¸&¸¦€? ‡<•ü&®º¸¦ ‡œ2•œ¸&¸•ü• &¦@A±•l'•œ±¦‡œ'‡<2•L¸&¸•ü• &¦@A±•|'•œ±®¦‡œ'‡<•Ü¸&¸¦€? ‡¼•Œ¹&¸¦´C ‡¼•|¹&¸¦ ‡¼•¬¹&¸®¹•œ ‡¼•œ¹&¸¦€> ‡¼5H¡7L¿::È/&Internally defined simulation time.¢The Fraction of Resources dedicated to Advanced Work at a given moment in time is the ratio of the actual advanced work rate and the total engineering capacity.FThe fraction of current tasks defective at a given moment in time.6The Total Current Tasks at a given moment in time.¢The Fraction of Resources dedicated to Current Work at a given moment in time is the ratio of the actual current work rates and the total engineering capacity.BThe Total number of tasks defective at a given moment in time.vThe memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Prior Previous Phase is reset at the end of the model year.¢The memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Previous Phase is emptied at the end of the model year and then transferred into the next memory stock.2The Input Fraction is kept in this memory stock.RThis is the memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Previous Phase.bThis is the memory stock of the Fraction of Advanced Tasks Completed in Prior Previous Phase.bThe Fraction of Advanced Tasks Completed at the end of the model year is kept in a memory stock.V) represents the delays for Learning and gaining Experience in the new tool set.nCurrent Completed Tasks that are Launched. The stock of completed tasks is emptied at the time of launch.úActual Completion Rate of Advanced Tasks. All the capacity available for advanced work is allocated to the new work rate. So, the advanced new work rate is the indicated advanced completion rate or whatever capacity is available to advanced work.VThe Excess Advanced Capacity is the remaining capacity after all the work is done.Actual Completion Rate of New Current Tasks. If there is a need all the available capacity is allocated. The completion of new work has priority over all other tasks. However, to ensure that only work gets done if there is work to do, the flow is protected by a Min function.fCurrent Tasks Requiring Rework that are Launched. At the time of launch, all the stock is emptied.êActual Current Task Rework Rate is equal to the minimum of either the indicated current rework rate or whatever capacity is remaining after doing the current new work. The MIN-function is to ensure that the rework rate is a reasonable value. The design freeze switch is multiplied to represent when no more rework is done. So, when design freeze takes effect, the designs which failed testing are not reworked and only the designs that pass testing are considered to be completed tasks.~Current Tasks Not Completed launched. At the time of launch, the stock of current tasks not completed is launched at once.ÞCurrent Tasks Awaiting Rework. The main inflow during the current development process is the tasks failing testing. The corresponding outflow is tasks reworked. When the cycle ends the remainder of the stock is launched.>This is the delay representing Learning of the new tool set.žThe Maximum Fraction of Avoidable Defects is the defects that can be eliminated by doing the advanced work. It is a "fraction" of the Total Defect Fraction. This "fraction" is the Historical Completion Fraction of Advanced Tasks, determined by the size of the set of tools currently in use. Thus, if there were many advanced tasks completed historically, then the Maximum Fraction of Avoidable Defects is higher.BThis is the delay representing Experience with the new tool set.`The Maximum Fraction of Avoidable Defects is a "fraction" of the Total Defect Fraction. This "fraction" is the Historical Completion Fraction of Advanced Tasks, determined by the size of the set of tools currently in use. Thus, if there were many advanced tasks completed historically, then the Maximum Fraction of UnAvoidable Defects is lower.ºAdvanced Tasks Completed is pulsed out at the end of the model year. A memory stock, "Adv Task Comp Last Yr", is used to keep track of the advanced tasks completed the previous year.‚This is the Fraction of Advanced Tasks Completed this Model Year. This value shows the instantaneous fraction completed in time.bThe stock of Advanced Tasks yet to be Completed is flushed out when month to job one equals 12.&The Fraction of Current Tasks Defective is the sum of the UnAvoidable Defects and the Avoidable Defects. The contribution by the "Fraction of the Avoidable Defects" is determined by the Fraction of Tasks Completed in the Previous Phase. The more tasks completed the less the defect fraction.úThis is the rate of Advanced Tasks being completed. This rate depends on the Actual Advanced Completion Rate calculated in the Capacity Allocation Sector. The if-then-else formulation is used to turn off the flow at the instant of the cycle's end.RThis is the memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Previous Phase.žAdvanced Tasks Completed accumulates when advanced tasks are completed. This stock is flushed at the time of launch to reset for another model year cycle.fCurrent Development Tasks Awaiting Testing. The inflows to this stock are the current task completion rate and current tasks rework rate. The outflows are the failing test rate, passing test rate and the pulse of outflow at launch. So, the stock accumulates with work being done and decreases with work being tested and it is reset for each new model year.~Advanced Task Introducded Into Development. When there are 12 months to job one, New Advanced Tasks Per Year is pulsed in."Current Development Tasks Not Yet Completed. After work is done in the Advanced Sector, the corresponding current work is introduced into the Current Sector. The outflow of this stock is the current task completion rate. And at the time of launch all the stock is emptied to be launched.ÒAdvanced Development Tasks that have yet to be completed. When months to job one equals 12, new tasks are introduced all at once and what is still left of the stock is emptied to reset for another model year.âIndicated Completion Rate of Advanced Tasks. This represents the maximum work rate for advanced new work. It is the rate at which work can be done when capacity is not a constraint and the least amount of time is invested.RThis is the outflow to the delay representing Experience with the new tool set.ºDevelopment Capacity for Advanced Tasks can be allocated if there is excess engineering capacity. This represents that the advanced tasks are done only after the current work is done.NThis is the inflow to the delay representing Learning of the new tool set.RThis is the inflow to the delay representing Experience with the new tool set.~Current Development Task Completion Rate is the actual current change rate. The flow is turned off at the instant at launch.NThis is the outflow to the delay representing Learning of the new tool set.‚Current Tasks Awaiting Testing that are Launched. On the launch date the stock of current tasks in testing is launched at once..The Current Tasks Awaiting Advanced Work are the tasks that await to be introduced into the Current Work Sector for the following model year. The product development process is a 2 year process so the advanced phase of the process takes place a year before the tasks are input as the current work.žCurrent Tasks Passing Testing is the fraction of current testing throughput that doesn't require rework. The flow is turned off at the instant at launch.nThe Increase in Current Tasks is the introduction of the current work at the beginning of the model year.–Current Tasks Failing Testing is the fraction of current testing throughput which requires rework. The flow is turned off at the instant of launch.6The Increase in Current Tasks Awaiting Advanced Work is the flow of the corresponding current work that is introduced into the advanced work sector. The product development process is a 2 year process so the advanced phase of the process takes place a year before the actual project becomes the current work.FCurrent Testing takes place with a constant delay of Time to Test.bThis is the memory stock of the Fraction of Advanced Tasks Completed in Prior Previous Phase.NThe Historical Completion Fraction of Advanced Tasks is calculated by the Average Advanced Tasks Completed divided by the Total Number of Possible Advanced Tasks. This represents the efficacy of the tool set currently in use. This captures the organization's current ability to use the tools it has at its disposal. It is calculated as a moving average of the organization's current knowledge of the tools. Once a tool is learned, time is required to develop experience before it can be used effectively. The average time required to gain such experience is assumed to be two model years.jAt the end of each model year cycle, the total of the advanced tasks that are flushed are calculated.¢The memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Previous Phase is emptied at the end of the model year and then transferred into the next memory stock.vThe memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Prior Previous Phase is reset at the end of the model year.zCurrent Task Rework Completion Rate is the actual current rework rate. The flow is turned off at the instant of launch.ÞIndicated Completion Rate for Current Rework. This represents the maximum work rate for current rework. It is the rate at which work can be done when capacity is not a constraint and the least amount of time is invested.ÚThe New Advanced Tasks introduced Per Year is the fraction of the New Changes to be introduced in the Current Work according to the Current Advanced Ratio, and is also dependent on the introduction of Methodology.bThe Total Current Work to be Completed is the sum of the new tasks and the tasks needing rework.’Current Tasks Completed and Passed Testing. The stock accumulates with the passing of testing. When launch time comes all the stock is emptied.îIndicated Completion Rate of Current Engineering Changes. This represents the maximum work rate for current new work. It is the rate at which work can be done when capacity is not a constraint and the least amount of time is invested.ªThis stock represents the recent fraction of advanced tasks completed using the methodology. The delay represents the time required to learn how to use the new tools.®This stock represents the recent fraction of advanced tasks completed using the methodology. The delay represents the time required to gain experience with the new tools.VThis represents the delays for Learning and gaining Experience in the new tool set.NThis is the inflow to the delay representing Learning of the new tool set.NThis is the outflow to the delay representing Learning of the new tool set.NThe Historical Completion Fraction of Advanced Tasks is calculated by the Average Advanced Tasks Completed divided by the Total Number of Possible Advanced Tasks. This represents the efficacy of the tool set currently in use. This captures the organization's current ability to use the tools it has at its disposal. It is calculated as a moving average of the organization's current knowledge of the tools. Once a tool is learned, time is required to develop experience before it can be used effectively. The average time required to gain such experience is assumed to be two model years.RThis is the inflow to the delay representing Experience with the new tool set.RThis is the outflow to the delay representing Experience with the new tool set.bThe Fraction of Advanced Tasks Completed at the end of the model year is kept in a memory stock.ÚThe New Advanced Tasks introduced Per Year is the fraction of the New Changes to be introduced in the Current Work according to the Current Advanced Ratio, and is also dependent on the introduction of Methodology.^The Pulse Date is the instant in time the pulse function starts inputting the Pulse Input.žCurrent Tasks Passing Testing is the fraction of current testing throughput that doesn't require rework. The flow is turned off at the instant at launch.òFraction of Tasks Introduced to the Market that are Defective. This is the sum of the defects introduced by the launch flows divided by the total launch flows. Here, the launch flows that contribute to the defects on the market are Current Tasks not Completed and Current Tasks in Rework. These are assumed to be fully defective. For Current Tasks in Testing, only the "Fraction of Current Tasks Defective" has defects. The launch flow from Current Tasks Completed is assumed to be defect-free.–Current Tasks Failing Testing is the fraction of current testing throughput which requires rework. The flow is turned off at the instant of launch.ŽThe Number of New Development Tasks Introduced per Year. The changes are the sum of the Base Change Rate, a step input and a pulse input.ÞThe Additional Fraction of Methodology Introduced is the additional percentage of Methodology introduced into the advanced work. This represents the percent of the total tool set available to the organization. Here, keep in mind the base methodology introduced is 0.25. The introduction of a new set of tools means that the set of up-front activities is increased. The cost of introducing new tools is captured by the fact that the up-front activities require more resources.òThe Fraction of Advanced Tasks Under Current Method is the total fraction of the methodology introduced into the simulation. It is computed by summing the base fraction, 0.25 and the step function of the additional methodology introduced.zThe Minimum time to do task is given to be 1 month. This value is used to determine the flow of the maximum work rates.îIndicated Completion Rate of Current Engineering Changes. This represents the maximum work rate for current new work. It is the rate at which work can be done when capacity is not a constraint and the least amount of time is invested.6The Increase in Current Tasks Awaiting Advanced Work is the flow of the corresponding current work that is introduced into the advanced work sector. The product development process is a 2 year process so the advanced phase of the process takes place a year before the actual project becomes the current work.~Advanced Task Introducded Into Development. When there are 12 months to job one, New Advanced Tasks Per Year is pulsed in.ZThe Maximum Fraction of Avoidable Defects is a "fraction" of the Total Defect Fraction. This "fraction" is the Historical Completion Fraction of Advanced Tasks, determined by the size of the set of tools currently in use. Thus, if there were many advanced tasks completed historically, then the Maximum Fraction of UnAvoidable Defects is lower..The Current Tasks Awaiting Advanced Work are the tasks that await to be introduced into the Current Work Sector for the following model year. The product development process is a 2 year process so the advanced phase of the process takes place a year before the tasks are input as the current work.&This is the Total Defect Fraction.ÞIndicated Completion Rate for Current Rework. This represents the maximum work rate for current rework. It is the rate at which work can be done when capacity is not a constraint and the least amount of time is invested.nThe Increase in Current Tasks is the introduction of the current work at the beginning of the model year.VThe Excess Advanced Capacity is the remaining capacity after all the work is done.žThe Maximum Fraction of Avoidable Defects is the defects that can be eliminated by doing the advanced work. It is a "fraction" of the Total Defect Fraction. This "fraction" is the Historical Completion Fraction of Advanced Tasks, determined by the size of the set of tools currently in use. Thus, if there were many advanced tasks completed historically, then the Maximum Fraction of Avoidable Defects is higher.âIndicated Completion Rate of Advanced Tasks. This represents the maximum work rate for advanced new work. It is the rate at which work can be done when capacity is not a constraint and the least amount of time is invested.ZThe Current Advanced Ratio is the fraction of current tasks compared to advanced tasks.æThe Total Number of Possible Advanced Tasks is half that of the Base Change Rate, here Current Advanced Ratio is 2. This represents the number of tasks that should be completed to achieve the maximum benefit of the toolset used.úThis is the rate of Advanced Tasks being completed. This rate depends on the Actual Advanced Completion Rate calculated in the Capacity Allocation Sector. The if-then-else formulation is used to turn off the flow at the instant of the cycle's end.žAdvanced Tasks Completed accumulates when advanced tasks are completed. This stock is flushed at the time of launch to reset for another model year cycle.‚This is the Fraction of Advanced Tasks Completed this Model Year. This value shows the instantaneous fraction completed in time.ÒAdvanced Development Tasks that have yet to be completed. When months to job one equals 12, new tasks are introduced all at once and what is still left of the stock is emptied to reset for another model year.‚The corresponding defects per each task failing test. The value 1 means that there is one defect per task that fails testing.~Current Tasks Not Completed launched. At the time of launch, the stock of current tasks not completed is launched at once.’Current Tasks Completed and Passed Testing. The stock accumulates with the passing of testing. When launch time comes all the stock is emptied.&The Fraction of Current Tasks Defective is the sum of the UnAvoidable Defects and the Avoidable Defects. The contribution by the "Fraction of the Avoidable Defects" is determined by the Fraction of Tasks Completed in the Previous Phase. The more tasks completed the less the defect fraction.fCurrent Development Tasks Awaiting Testing. The inflows to this stock are the current task completion rate and current tasks rework rate. The outflows are the failing test rate, passing test rate and the pulse of outflow at launch. So, the stock accumulates with work being done and decreases with work being tested and it is reset for each new model year.‚The corresponding defects per each task passing test. The value 0 means that there is no defects per task that passes testing."Current Development Tasks Not Yet Completed. After work is done in the Advanced Sector, the corresponding current work is introduced into the Current Sector. The outflow of this stock is the current task completion rate. And at the time of launch all the stock is emptied to be launched.ÞCurrent Tasks Awaiting Rework. The main inflow during the current development process is the tasks failing testing. The corresponding outflow is tasks reworked. When the cycle ends the remainder of the stock is launched.vThe memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Prior Previous Phase is reset at the end of the model year.¢The memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Previous Phase is emptied at the end of the model year and then transferred into the next memory stock.bThis is the memory stock of the Fraction of Advanced Tasks Completed in Prior Previous Phase.jAt the end of each model year cycle, the total of the advanced tasks that are flushed are calculated.RThis is the memory stock of the Fraction of Tasks Completed in Previous Phase.ªThe Fraction defective for Launched Model is the memory of the fraction of defects at the time of launch. This stock remembers the information until the next launch.RThe Increase in Fraction defective at launch is input into the memory stock.‚The decrease in Fraction defective at Launch is the outflow to the memory stock which resets the previous cycle's information.bDate at which Development Methodology is introduced to the Organization during the simulation.:Date when freeze policy ends during the simulated time.ÆSwitch to Freeze Designs. The switch is on when it returns value 0 and off when it returns value 1. This is so because the value of "Design Freeze" is multiplied to "actual current rework rate".ZThe Step Date is the instant in time the step function starts inputting the Step Input.úActual Completion Rate of Advanced Tasks. All the capacity available for advanced work is allocated to the new work rate. So, the advanced new work rate is the indicated advanced completion rate or whatever capacity is available to advanced work.Actual Completion Rate of New Current Tasks. If there is a need all the available capacity is allocated. The completion of new work has priority over all other tasks. However, to ensure that only work gets done if there is work to do, the flow is protected by a Min function.êActual Current Task Rework Rate is equal to the minimum of either the indicated current rework rate or whatever capacity is remaining after doing the current new work. The MIN-function is to ensure that the rework rate is a reasonable value. The design freeze switch is multiplied to represent when no more rework is done. So, when design freeze takes effect, the designs which failed testing are not reworked and only the designs that pass testing are considered to be completed tasks.>The average number of hours an engineer works in a month.:The average number of hours it takes to complete a task.2The number of Development Engineers available.ºDevelopment Capacity for Advanced Tasks can be allocated if there is excess engineering capacity. This represents that the advanced tasks are done only after the current work is done.2Total Engineering Hours available each month.bThe Total Current Work to be Completed is the sum of the new tasks and the tasks needing rework.šEngineering capacity is the number of tasks that can be completed each month when certain number of hours (Hours Per Task) are allocated to each task.ºAdvanced Tasks Completed is pulsed out at the end of the model year. A memory stock, "Adv Task Comp Last Yr", is used to keep track of the advanced tasks completed the previous year.bThe stock of Advanced Tasks yet to be Completed is flushed out when month to job one equals 12.zThe Base Change Rate is the basic number of tasks that are introduced each year into the product development process.FCurrent Testing takes place with a constant delay of Time to Test.~Current Development Task Completion Rate is the actual current change rate. The flow is turned off at the instant at launch.xCurrent Task Rework Completion Rate is the actual current rework rate. The flow is turned off at the instant of launch.nCurrent Completed Tasks that are Launched. The stock of completed tasks is emptied at the time of launch.ÚDate at Which Designs are Frozen in each 12 month cycle. The value represents the date in "months to job one". For example, a value of 6 would mean that design is frozen when there are less than 6 months to job one.BDate at Which Freeze Policy Starts during the simulation time.>The length of each model year is shown in units of "months".RMonths Until Current Projects are Launched. The count-down of each model year.jThe Pulse Input is the additional amount of new tasks introduced into the product development process.âThe Pulse Width is the time duration of the pulse function. For example, with a pulse width of 1 (month) the additional amount of new tasks introduced by the pulse function will be the Pulse Input spread over the 1 month.ZThe Step Input is the additional amount of new tasks introduced by the step function.‚Current Tasks Awaiting Testing that are Launched. On the launch date the stock of current tasks in testing is launched at once.fCurrent Tasks Requiring Rework that are Launched. At the time of launch, all the stock is emptied.:It is assumed Testing would take, on average, one month." Simulation Control Paramaters&The final time for the simulation.&The initial time for the simulation..The frequency with which output is stored.&The time step for the simulation.This represents the delays for Learning and gaining Experience in the new tool set. The variable's actual units are in years but due to technical reasons the units here are set to months. So, "Learning Delay in Years = 1" means that Learning Delay is 1 year.<9€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€»D€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö@€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€?€ö–C€ö€ö€ö´C€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö(knN€?€ö€öHCHC€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö(knN€ö@A(knN€?€ö€ö€ö€ö@C€?€ö@C€>€?€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö€ö@?€ö€ö¡7L¿ È///---\\\ :GRAPH ADV_TASKS_REMAINING :TITLE Advanced Tasks Remaining :X-DIV 5 :Y-DIV 2 :X-MIN 180 :X-MAX 240 :SCALE :VAR Advanced Tasks Not Completed|Advanced Tasks to Be Completed :Y-MIN 0 :Y-MAX 200 :LINE-WIDTH 3 :GRAPH CURR_TASKS_REMAINING :TITLE Current Tasks Remaining :X-DIV 5 :Y-DIV 2 :X-MIN 180 :X-MAX 240 :SCALE :VAR Current Tasks Not Completed|New Work :Y-MIN 0 :Y-MAX 1500 :LINE-WIDTH 3 :VAR Current Tasks to be Reworked|Rework :LINE-WIDTH 3 :GRAPH FRAC_CURR_TASKS_DEFECTIVE :TITLE Fraction of Current Tasks Defective :X-DIV 5 :Y-DIV 2 :X-MIN 180 :X-MAX 240 :SCALE :VAR Frac Curr Tasks Defective|% Defective :Y-MIN 0 :Y-MAX 1 :LINE-WIDTH 3 :GRAPH FRAC_RESOURCES_TO_CURR_WORK :TITLE Fraction of Resources to Current Work :X-LABEL Months :X-DIV 5 :Y-DIV 2 :X-MIN 180 :X-MAX 240 :SCALE :VAR Frac Resources to Curr Work|% of Total Resources :Y-MIN 0 :Y-MAX 1 :LINE-WIDTH 3 :GRAPH PHASE_PLOT :TITLE Phase Plot :X-AXIS Frac Comp in Prior Previous Phase 0 :X-LABEL Fraction Complete at time= t-1 :X-DIV 2 :Y-DIV 2 :DOTS :SCALE :VAR Frac Comp in Prior Previous Phase 0|45 Degree Line :LINE-WIDTH 5 :VAR Frac Comp in Prior Previous Phase 0 0|Fraction Completed at time=t :LINE-WIDTH 5 :L<%^E!@ 1:base.vdf 9:base 22:defect,defects 22:engineer,engineers 22:month,months,Month,Months 22:task,tasks 22:week,weeks 18:pulsesensi.vsc 20:pulseseni.lst 15:0,0,0,0 19:5,0 4:Time 5:Learning Delay in years