FrameMaker on Athena (AC-56)FrameMaker on Athena (AC-56)This document is intended for users of Athena who are familiar with working on Athena, e.g., moving and placing windows, using the mouse, scrollbar and buttons, and working with files and directories. It also assumes some experience with a text processing program. Included in this document are the basic concepts of FrameMaker and procedures for producing basic documents.
The FrameMaker vendor documentation is available online for viewing and printing. To view a manual,
(main FrameMaker window.)
Result: A help Main menu is displayed in a separate window.
Result: A list of parts of the manual appears on the right side of the screen.
Result: A new document window opens displaying the item you selected.
To use on-line help, start up FrameMaker (see "Starting up FrameMaker" for instructions on how to do this), then:
Result: A help Main menu is displayed in a separate window.
To move through a help topic, use the scroll bar on the right side of the help window, or click once on the up or down arrow.
For detailed instructions on the Help feature, click once on About Help in the Table of Contents.
For a list of new features added to FrameMaker version 5, click on the Online Manuals pop-up menu and choose "What's New in FrameMaker."
To use context-sensitive help, start up FrameMaker (see "Starting up FrameMaker" for instructions on how to do this), then:
Result: The mouse pointer becomes a question mark.
There's a tutorial available in pdf format where you can learn the basics of using FrameMaker. The tutorial is located at,/mit/frame_v5.5.6/www/Tutorial/Tutorial.pdf.
| Workstation type | Meta Key Equivalent |
|---|---|
| SGI's | Alt key |
| Sun | Compose, Alt or the  keys
|
FrameMaker is a document preparation system that allows you to create a wide variety of documents, including:
It contains all of the features of a word processing program as well as a full suite of desktop publishing features. Among its many features is a comprehensive equation editor, the ability to import graphics, and the ability to open files created in a wide variety of other document preparation programs.
Since there are a limited number of copies of FrameMaker (see "How the FrameMaker License Works" in the chapter "Getting Started") it is important that you use it judiciously so that everyone will have the best possible access.
There is a problem in the interaction of FrameMaker and AFS which under certain circumstances may cause you to lose data. For more information on avoiding this problem, please read Appendix B, "FrameMaker May Eat Your Files."
FrameMaker documents have the potential to become large and take up a lot of disk quota, especially if they contain graphics. For example, this document, which is 45 pages, takes up approximately 358 kilobytes (.358MB) of storage and the associated graphics take up about 740 kilobytes (.740MB). This same file, if saved as a text only file, is about 52K. This gives you an idea of how much additional storage is taken up simply with formatting. Also, FrameMaker creates various temporary working files, which takes up additional space. If you create a long document, or one with a number of graphics included in the document, keep an eye on your quota. In particular, FrameMaker can sometimes crash unexpectedly if you go over quota in the process of saving a document.
Starting up FrameMaker at the athena% prompt
To start up FrameMaker version 5,
athena% add frame
You can also start up any of the FrameMaker programs mentioned in this section by choosing them from the Text/Graphics'Text'FrameMaker Products Dash menu.
Result: A series of FrameMaker startup messages appear in your Xterm window. Then, an outline of the main FrameMaker window appears as a flickering rectangle. Move the mouse button so that the window is where you want it located on the screen, then click once to place it.
(main FrameMaker window)
FrameMaker is available on Athena as license-managed software. This means that there are 140 copies of FrameMaker available for use.
You are assigned a license only after you've actually begun to work. If you enter nothing at the keyboard or mouse for more than an hour, you lose your license. (Any changes you've made and haven't saved will automatically be saved.) If you start editing again, your FrameMaker session looks the same as you left it; however, another license is made available to you only if there is one not in use.
If you try to start up FrameMaker and all of the licenses are in use, you will get an error message to that effect. Try again in a little while.
The procedure for creating a new document in FrameMaker involves either choosing a template from the list of templates provided by FrameMaker, or choosing the "Custom Document" option which lets you design a document from scratch. To create a new document:
Result: A dialog box appears prompting you to select a template from the list under the Use Template: box or create a document of your own design, using the Custom Document option.
| Subdirectory | Types of templates included |
|---|---|
| Book/ | templates for a chapter, front matter, index and a table of contents |
| Business/ | envelope, fax, letter, memo, business card, four templates containing tables, a view graph in portrait (tall) mode and a view graph in landscape (wide) mode |
| Contributed/bibframe | template for a bibliography |
| Contributed/Consult | Envelope, labels, the MIT logo, resume, and two-column document. |
| Contributed/Thesis | MIT thesis template (See the README file for instructions on using the thesis temp plates.) |
| Outlines/ | Harvard, numeric, and non-numeric outline format |
| Reports/ | three report styles |
| Special/ | newsletter format in three columns, "Pagi nate Sheet" (specifications for printing) |
Result: The template is displayed in the document window. Some of the templates include sample text in them. The template is assigned the name "NoName" until you save it.
Result: You have a blank document with the formatting retained.
Result: A dialog box appears prompting you for document settings.
Page Size: dimensions of the paper on which you'll print the document
Columns: number of columns you want on each page and gap (amount of space between columns). Most documents are one column, such as a letter, or memo. Newsletters are often more than one column
Column Margins: width of the margins for your document
Pagination: select double-sided if you plan to print your document double- sided and you want the facing pages to be complementary, e.g., page numbers at edge of outside margin You can also specify if you want the first page to be a left page or right page.
Units: unit of measurement used in this dialog box. Click on the list to choose another unit, e.g., points.
Result: A document window appears with "NoName" as the title.
Result: A dialog box appears allowing you to choose a document to open.
Result: The document window appears with the document displayed in it.
Choose the document name from the File menu.
The menu bar across the top of the screen contains the menu options available. Under each menu option is a list of FrameMaker commands. To choose a command, click once on the menu option, and then click on the command that you want. These commands can also be executed by using keyboard shortcuts that are indicated next to the command in the menu. For the ! symbol in the keyboard shortcut, use either C-r or the ESC key. For example, the keyboard shortcut for the New command is !fn. To do this, press C-r or ESC, then press the f key, then the n key.
There is a horizontal ruler which you can use to help you determine where you want to set indents and tabs. There is also a vertical ruler that you can use for determining the length of a page and placement of headers and footers.
Several tools and pop-up menus are provided in the formatting ruler that allow you to format paragraphs:
gives the text flow tag (refer to "Text Columns" later in this chapter for a description) and the paragraph tag for the current location of the insertion point. For example, if the insertion point was positioned in this paragraph, the status box would read: "Flow: A 
: Bullet" indicating that the text flow tag for the column is called "A," and the paragraph tag is called "Bullet."
gives the current page number and the total number of pages of the document.
gives the percentage at which you are viewing the document. Click on this box to choose a magnified viewing or reduced viewing.
zoom in and zoom out icons respectively. To magnify the document, click once on the large Z. To return to viewing the document at the regular size, 100%, click once on the small z.
click once on each icon to scroll up or down one page.
click on the left or right scroll arrow to scroll from side to side.
The four icons on the upper right side of the window are shortcuts for using certain FrameMaker commands. To use them, click once on the appropriate icon. The icons perform the following:
displays a catalog of paragraph formats associated with the document (to close the catalog, position the mouse pointer in the catalog window and press C-c).
displays a catalog of character format associated with this document (to close the catalog, position the mouse pointer in the catalog window and press C-c).
displays the tools palette, used for graphics editing (to close the tools palette, press C-c).
displays the equation editor (to close the editor, press M-F4).
The pointer is how the mouse is represented when you move it anywhere outside the area where you enter text, e.g., along the menu. You use the pointer to perform tasks such as choosing menu items or clicking on buttons.
Cross arrows appear if when you hold down the Ctrl key and move the mouse over an object such as text column borders or anchored frame borders. Use it in this mode to resize text columns or frames.
There are other ways to move the insertion point. To learn about them, click once on the Help button in the main FrameMaker Window, click once on "Keyboard shortcuts," then click on "Moving the insertion point" under "Text."
which is the end of paragraph symbol). To display these symbols, choose Text Symbols from the View menu. To see a list of the symbols, click once on the Help button, then click once on "Index to FrameMaker," then scroll through to find "Text Symbols" and click on it.
The border of the text column is indicated by a dotted rectangle, when you choose Borders from the View menu. If you use one of the multi-column FrameMaker templates, you'll notice that there are text columns side by side on a page. In other FrameMaker templates, you may see one text column above another. The first text column may hold the title of the document and the column below it holds the text.
Text columns are connected and this is called a "text flow." Each text flow is assigned a name and this name is referred to as a "text flow tag." If you are creating a basic document by using the Custom Document option, or if you're using a FrameMaker template, text flows are already set up for you and given the flow tag of "A." If you're creating a document, such as a newsletter, you may need more than one text flow so that text flows into a column that you specify rather than the column right after it. Refer to the Using FrameMaker manual (available online) for details on how to do this. To move from one text column to another, just move the I-beam with the mouse and click once in the text column.
Note to Emacs users: A number of Emacs keyboard commands also work in FrameMaker. They are: C-a, C-b, C-d, C-e, C-f, C-k, Cl-n, C-p, C-w, C-y, M-a, M-b, M-c, M-d, M-e, M-f, M-k, M-l, M-t, M-u, M-w, C-x Cl-c, C-x C-s, C-x C-v, C-x C-w.
Many of the dialog boxes have Help buttons. If you need more information on using a dialog box, click once on the Help button. (See the next section for more information on using buttons.)
(example of a master page)
Master pages are non-printable pages where you provide the basic layout for body pages and a consistent look for your whole document. Master pages are where you adjust the document margins, and place items such as running headers and footers or graphics that need to appear on every page of your document. You have a master page for each different type of layout that you want in your document, e.g., you might have a master page that describes the first page of your document, a master page that describes left pages, and a master page that describes right pages. Typically, there are three text columns (see "Text Columns" for a definition of text columns) on the page. These show up as dotted rectangles if you turn on borders by choosing Borders from the View menu. The top rectangle is for the header, the middle one is the text column for the body of the page, and the bottom is for the footer. The master page is not a printable page and when you're working in master pages, you don't see the text of your document, only the text-column borders (and the headers and footers if they came with the template you used, or if you added them). Remember not to enter any of the text of your document on the master pages; this should be done only in the body pages.
(example of a reference page)
Reference pages are other non-printable pages where you store graphics that are referenced from the body page. For example, if you have section headings in your document and you want each one to have a line above it, you would create the line in the reference page, then include it as part of the paragraph format for the section headings. Since reference pages, like the master page, are not printable, you don't see the text of your document when using them. Also, you shouldn't enter document text in the reference pages, only in the body pages.
To use these different types of pages, choose them from the View menu. When you choose another page type, it replaces whatever page type is displayed in the document window, rather than opening a separate window. For example, if you are working in body pages and you choose Master Pages from the View menu, the master pages are displayed in the document window.
For detailed information about using master pages and reference pages, click on the Help button in the main FrameMaker Window, then click once on "Index to FrameMaker." Under the "Document" entry in the Index, click on "Master Page" or "Reference page."
Press the Return key only when you want to begin a new paragraph, or when you want to change the format of the next section of text (e.g., type a section head, list, etc.). When you are at the bottom of a page, FrameMaker automatically begins another page if you continue typing.
To insert new text into existing text, you need to reposition the insertion point. To do this move the I-beam to where you want to insert the text, then click once.
Result: The text in your document will adjust to the specified alignment.
Result: Each time you press the spacebar, a space is inserted.
Result: All of the boxes in the Paragraph window are cleared and the buttons are deactivated.
Result: The text in your document is adjusted to remove all hyphenation.
If you have one or more pages that you want to remove, you can use the Delete Page command. To do this:
Result: The Delete Page window appears.
If you're deleting one page, enter the same page number in the End Page: box, or enter the last page number of the group of pages you're deleting.
| To select a | Action |
|---|---|
| range of text | click and drag over the text, starting at the upper-left corner, or click once at the start of the text, then shift-click at the end |
| word | double-click on the word |
| paragraph | triple-click anywhere in the paragraph |
| page | click once outside the text column, then choose Select All on Page from the Edit menu |
| document | choose Select All in Flow from the Edit menu (Strictly speaking, this action selects only the text in a particular text flow. However, all documents, by default, are one flow, unless you have specifically changed this.) |
If you've made a selection, then want to extend or shorten it:
| Changing a Selection | Action |
|---|---|
| extend a selection | position the I-beam at the new start or end point,you've made then shift-click |
| shorten a selection | position the I-beam at the new end point, then you've made shift-click |
To de-select text, click anywhere outside the text.
Result: The text is inserted in front of the insertion point.
Result: The text is inserted in front of the insertion point
Result: The text column is selected and the resize bars appear.
Result: The master page appears in the document window, rather the body page that was previously displayed in the window. (Note that the text contained in your document doesn't appear in the master page since the master page deals only with text and/or graphics that appear on every page of your document.) To enter text in the header or footer, click once in the header or footer text column to position the insertion point.
Result: A "#" sign is inserted. When you return to the body pages of your document, you'll see the page numbering displayed where you inserted the variable in the header or footer.
If you have more than one master page for your document, you'll need to repeat this procedure for each master page. There are many other things that you can have automatically displayed in the headers and footers. For more details, click on the Help button, then click once on Variables to learn how to use the Variables command.
Result: The online help window appears with a character map displayed.
To undo a command, choose Undo from the Edit menu.
NOTE: The Undo command works only for most recent command that you issued, i.e., it will not undo any command that you used before that.
Result: The file is saved.
Result: The changes you've made since the last time you saved are saved in your document. Also, by default, FrameMaker creates a backup file, called filename.backup, where filename is the name of your file, each time you manually save by choosing Save from the File menu. It makes a copy of the existing file and stores it in the .backup file before saving the new version of the file with the changes. (To disable the creation of a .backup file, choose Preferences from the File menu, and de-select Automatic Backup on Save.)
NOTE: If you try to choose Save from the File menu, and it's grayed out this means that you haven't made any changes since you last saved.
Result: A second copy of your document, in MIF format, is created.
You can set autosave to execute as often as you want (the default is every 5 minutes). To do this, choose Preferences... from the File menu, then change the number in the Automatic Save - Every...minutes box.
This section describes:
Character text is anything from one single character (e.g., the letter "j," the "#" sign, or the number "5") to words, groups of words, or even groups of sentences. Essentially, it's anything within a paragraph unit.
Paragraph text is any amount of text plus paragraph mark (). (Choose Text Symbols from the View menu to have the paragraph markers displayed.) The paragraph mark holds formatting information about the paragraph. As a unit, a FrameMaker paragraph means much more than the traditional definition of a paragraph as a group of sentences. A paragraph can be a subhead, a title, one sentence, or even one character.
FrameMaker also provides a large number of pre-defined formats as a part of the FrameMaker templates. You can use the pre-defined formats as is or you can modify them.
FrameMaker requires that every paragraph in a document has some kind of paragraph format applied to it. Even if you create a custom document, the most basic paragraph format, with the tag name of "body," is automatically applied to your paragraphs.
You have the choice of applying formatting changes to:
The benefit of having paragraph formats applied to all tagged paragraphs is if you decide to modify a character or paragraph format, you need only to make the change once, apply it to the format, and have the change take effect for all of the paragraphs to which you've applied the format. For example, if you want to change all chapter headings in your book to be 18 point type instead of 14 point, just make the change in the paragraph format for chapter headings.
Below is a list of the kinds of character formatting that you can do:
| Format | Pop-up menu/button | Keyboard shortcut |
|---|---|---|
| bold | Weight: Bold | C-r c b |
| unbold | Weight: Regular | Shift-F2 |
| italicize | Angle: Italic or Oblique | C-r c i |
| un-italicize | Angle: Regular | Shift-F3 |
| underline | Underline button (activate) | C-r c u |
| no underline | Underline button (deactivate) | Shift-F4 |
| superscript | Subscript button | C-r c - |
icon in the upper right corner of the document window.
Result: A list of character formats appears in a box to the right of the document window.
If the list is longer than can fit in the box, scroll bars appear on the right side of the box. Each name describes the purpose of the format, e.g., the character format called "emphasis" would italicize text.
Result: The style is applied.
FrameMaker provides a Paragraph Catalog for each template, which includes pre-defined formats containing combinations of the above characteristics. The following procedure describes how to apply pre-defined formats:
icon in the upper right corner of the document window.
Result: A list of paragraph formats appears in a box to the right of the document window.
If the list is longer than can fit in the box, a scroll bar appears on the right side of the box. Each name describes the purpose of the format, e.g., the format called "body" would create a plain paragraph.
Result: The style is applied.
Result: A dialog box appears prompting you for printing information.
| Printing Mode | Enter in Printer Name box: |
|---|---|
| plain one-sided | printername |
| duplex (print two sided, flipping the page about the vertical axis) | duplex:printername |
| draft | draft:printername |
| tumble (print two sided, flipping the page about the horizontal axis) | tumble:printername |
| bottom tray (if you're using special paper, e.g., legal size) | tray:printername |
Result: The document prints on either your default printer, or the printer that you specified.
NOTE: If you use an older printer, such as an LN03, there may be fonts that are available to you in FrameMaker, but are not available on your printer. All of the Athena Public Clusters are equipped with Hewlett-Packard LaserJet 4si MX printers and have the FrameMaker fonts. Private clusters may have other printers that do not have all of the FrameMaker fonts.
| Palette page | Includes |
|---|---|
| symbols | greek characters, atomic symbols, diacritical marks |
| operators | roots, powers, signs, subscripts, superscripts, logic symbols, strings |
| large | sums, integrals, products, intersections, unions |
| delimiters | parentheses, brackets, braces, substitution |
| relations | less than, greater than, similar to, subset of, superset of, proportional to |
| calculus | integrals, derivatives, partial derivatives, limits |
| matrices | matrix templates, matrix transpose, matrix algebra |
| functions | trigonometric, hyperbolic, and logarithmic functions, commands for evaluation and rewriting equations, commands for creating and applying rules |
| Help | brings up online help for the selected palette |
| Positioning | modify the position and spacing of expressions, alter the alignment of horizontal and vertical lists and multiline equations, add and remove manual line breaks in multiline equations, and examine the position and spacing of an expression |
icon in the toolbar in the upper right corner.
Result: The Equation palette appears:
Result: A frame is displayed whose borders form a dotted rectangle with the insertion point centered in the frame.
NOTE: If you're creating an in-line equation, don't be concerned that it looks like a display equation at this point. Step 5 of this procedure will move it to in-line.
For example, to enter the following equation, a + b = c, click on the Symbols button to choose the Symbols palette, then type "a" then click on the "+" sign in the Symbols palette, type "b" then click on the "=" sign in the Symbols palette, then type "c."
For more details on inserting elements, click on a button in the Equations palette, e.g., Symbols, then click on the Help button.
If you make a mistake, choose Undo from the Edit menu.
Result: The equation appears in your document inside an anchored frame.
NOTE: If you're creating an in-line equation and it overlaps text that comes after it, press the spacebar to put a space between the end of the equation and the following text. Also, if elements are to tall for the line, follow this procedure for opening up space between lines of text:
a. Choose Paragraph/Designer from the Format menu
b. Click on the Fixed button to turn off fixed line spacing.
c. Click on the Apply to Selection button.
icon in the upper right corner of the document window.
Result: The equation frame is enlarged and it is "pulled out" of the line.
| To adjust | Keyboard shortcut |
|---|---|
| right 1 point | C -  |
| left 1 point | C -  |
| up 1 point | C -  |
| down 1 point | C -  |
Result: Any existing equations in your document that you set up using the size that you adjusted will be changed, and any equations you add to the document will use the new settings.
NOTE: If FrameMaker can't preserve the equation's equivalency, it will not move the element.
| To move... | Keyboard combinations | Example of equation to changed | Example of resulting equation |
|---|---|---|---|
| left one position | Shift- | xy(2-b) |  |
| right one position | Shift- | xy(2-b) | x(2-b)y |
| up | Shift- |  |  |
| down | Shift- |  |  |
| left-most position | C-M- | 2xy(a+5) | y2x(a+5) |
| right-most position | C-M- | 2xy(a+5) | 2x(a+5)y |
| left, into a parenthetical expression | Shift-M- | (a+5)xy | xa+x5 |
| right, into a parenthetical expression | Shift-M- | x(a+5) | (ax+5x)y |
| To swap... | Keyboard combination/th> | Example of equation to be changed | Example of resulting equation |
|---|---|---|---|
| left to right | Shift-C-M- |  |  |
| right to left | Shift-C-M- |  |  |
NOTE: Athena Public clusters do not have color printers. Private or departmental clusters may have color printers; to find out check with your local system administrator. Note that color graphics will show up in color on almost all Athena workstations but when printed, will be converted to grayscale. There are two methods you can use to import graphics:
This method is useful if you plan to use the graphic in several documents. You need only change the actual graphic file and the changes will automatically be reflected in your document(s). Also, FrameMaker allows you to generate a list of graphics imported by reference for a document, so if you have a lot of graphics in a document, you can easily track them through the list.
Copying a graphic into your document means that the graphic resides in the document and there is no link to the original graphic file. This method is useful when you want to have the document and graphics in one file (e.g., when you're transmitting the document to another computer or over a network, you transmit only the document, and not the graphics files).
A disadvantage is that if you update the graphics file, then you need to "re-import" the updated version into your document. Also, the storage size of your file will increase, sometimes dramatically, as you add graphics.
To import a graphic:
Result: The graphic appears in an anchored frame, in the document. Depending on the size of the graphic, FrameMaker may not place it exactly where you've positioned the insertion point, i.e., the graphic may be place below the line, or at the top of the next page or column.
If you want to change the position where graphic has been placed, you need to edit the anchored frame which contains the graphic. To learn more about changing anchored frames, refer to Chapter 15 in the Using FrameMaker manual, available online.
| Command | Purpose | |
|---|---|---|
| Tools | displays the tool palette that contains tools for drawing objects. | |
| Group | group selected objects, or groups of objects, into one object | |
| Ungroup | ungroup objects and/or groups of objects | |
| Bring to Front | bring selected object(s) in front of other objects | |
| Send to Back | move selected object behind other objects | |
| Align | adjust multiple selected objects so they lie on a straight line, (oriented to the last object selected) | |
| Distribute | evenly space selected object(s) both horizontally and vertically | |
| Reshape | display reshape handles for lines, polygons, curves, and arcs to allow reshaping | |
| Smooth | round the corners of a selected polygon, polyline, or rectangle, or increase the corner radius of a rounded rectangle | |
| Unsmooth | remove smoothing | |
| Flip up/down | flip object upside down (or rightside up). If text, flip over its baseline | |
| Flip left/right | flip object left and right | |
| Rotate | rotate selected objects or table cells 90 degrees counter clockwise (hold down the Shift key to rotate clockwise; hold down Ctrl key and use right mouse button to rotate freely) | |
| Scale | resize an object or group of objects | |
| Set # sides | set number of sides and starting angle of a polygon | |
| Join | joins selected curves and lines | |
| Object Properties | specify parameters about the selected object or text frame such as size, offset, color, angle, border width, or dots perinch for imported bitmap graphics | |
| Runaround Properties | Runs text around a selected graphic. The graphic must be anchored at a specific location on a page. | |
| Overprint | for objects that overlap, specify whether to print over or cut out the selected object when using color separations | |
| Gravity | make objects that should be touching each other (e.g., an arrow that is pointing at the corner of a square) connect correctly | |
| Snap | causes objects to align to multiples of the grid spacing or snap rotate intervals set in the Options command under the View menu when moved or rotated |
For some file formats, such as RTF, the conversion process is automatic: you open the file the same way as you would open a FrameMaker file, and the file is automatically converted into FrameMaker format. For other file formats, such as LaTeX, you need to use a conversion program (a "filter") outside of FrameMaker.
FrameMaker doesn't provide export capabilities (See Exporting FrameMaker Documents Into Other Programs for more information about this.) Because of this, we don't recommend trying to move documents back and forth between FrameMaker and other programs.
| Filetype | Extension | Purpose and Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Autocad | .dxf | Converts from a CAD format, exported from Autocad. (There are image quality and file size trade-offs.) |
| WordPerfect | .w | Converts from WordPerfect 6.0, 5.1 and 5.0. If you save it in FrameMaker, the filename is automatically changed to include the extension of .doc. |
| Microsoft Word | .word | Converts from Word 6.0, 5.1, and 5.0. If you save it in FrameMaker, the file name is automatically changed to include the extension of .doc. |
| TROFF | .man, .me, .ms, .m, .1, 2, .3, .4, .5, .6, .7, .8, | Converts all kinds of TROFF formats, including man pages. Can handle me, ms, and man macros. (The quality seems fairly good.) |
| Interleaf | .iaf | Converts an Interleaf format 8.0 and 6.4 (TPS 5 and 4.1). (Quality of conversion is mediocre.) |
| programming code | .c, .h, .C, .H, .perl, .pl, .ada, .m | Converts C, H, Ada, Perl, and C++ programming code. |
| Encapsulated Post Script Interchange Format (EPSI) | .epsi | Converts Encapsulated PostScript Interchange Format to Image format |
athena% la2mml filename1.tex | mmltomif > filename2.mifwhere filename1 is the name of your LaTeX file and filename2 is the name you choose for the converted file. You can then open the new .mif file in FrameMaker using the Open command.
athena% add gnu athena% ps2epsi filename.pswhere filename is the name of your PostScript file. The resulting output file will have the filename of your PostScript input file with .epsi as the extension.
NOTE: Please bear in mind that this filter is not currently supported.
To enter a symbol character into your document, use the guide below to determine what key combination to type in order to produce the symbol:
To enter a character in your document, use the guide below to determine what key combination to type in order to produce the character
Unfortunately, FrameMaker saves documents in a way which does not always work properly with the filesystem, AFS, which we use with Athena. Because of the way Frame saves documents, there are circumstances under which the copy it writes to disk ends up truncated to zero-length - that is, an empty file. If you don't notice in time that this has happened, it is possible for you to lose your entire document, with no hope of recovery.
This appendix outlines the steps you can take to ensure that you do not hit this bug. We assume you are familiar with most FrameMaker terms and functionality. Review the other chapters in this document for more information.
Frame also has an "auto save" feature which causes Frame to save a copy of the document you're working on every few minutes. The default setting is to save every 5 minutes, but you can set it to any number of minutes you like. This feature will periodically create a copy of the document that's in your working window, giving it the same name as the original document, with the added extension of .auto. Thus, at any given time when you have Auto Save turned on, you will have two complete copies of your document in your directory. With Auto Save turned on, executing the Save command works as follows:
Thus, in between steps 2 and 3, Frame tries to make three copies of your document exist at the same time.
Alternatively, Frame also has a "Backup on Save" option, which first renames the previously saved version of the document with a .backup extension to the filename, and then performs the normal save. Again, for a short amount of time, three copies of your document have to exist.
So if you start out close to your quota, start Frame and work on a large document for a while, and then try to Save your work, the creation of the various extra copies of the document can put you enough over your quota that things start to go wrong. The process now looks like this:
6. Click on Save: Frame opens and writes out a temporary file with the new document contents - as it writes, it fills up your quota and then goes over.
7. Frame finishes writing, and tries to close the file - this fails because you're out of quota - the file is truncated to be zero-length (an empty file).
8. Frame doesn't notice this, and deletes the original document.
9. Frame moves the temporary (and now empty) file into the original document's place.
You are then left with an empty file with the same name as the original document. It's important to note, though, that your document still exists in the Frame window - it's not completely gone, yet. You will only lose it completely if you exit Frame at this exact point. If you were to try a Save again, this time it would probably work (unless the document had grown so large that even one copy would not fit in your remaining quota) since the sum of the sizes of the two copies that will temporarily exist is now only as large as one copy of the document.
To give you an idea of how large documents are in different formats, we have gathered information into the following table:
TABLE 1. Approximate Document/Graphic sizes
| Document Type | App. Size (in bytes) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1 page of plain text | 2K - 5K | This assumes an 80-character by 60 line "page." The size will vary depending on the density of the text. |
| Postscript graphic | 30-50K | This is the size of a sample plot dumped from Maple and turned into EPSI format for inclusion in a Frame document. |
| window dump (bitmap | 50-80K | Same sample plots saved in xwd format. |
| Converted Tiff | ||
| thesis in FrameMaker | 225K | Size of sample (Frame thesis template - included figs, bitmaps, 20 pages). |
athena% ls -l filenamewhere filename is the name of your file. You should see a number other than zero in the column to the left of the date. For example:
athena% ls -l frameInfo.docIf your file is zero length, don't panic, you still have a copy in your Frame window. Just save again.-rw-rw-r-- 1 dot root 25600 Dec 15 13:13 frameInfo.doc
A general rule of thumb is that you can go about 10-15% over your quota for a short time, long enough to save a file.
TABLE 2. AFS Quota and FrameMaker
| Quota | Free Space to edit a 2 Meg Document | Free Space to edit a 4 Meg Document |
|---|---|---|
| 5 Meg | 1.2 Meg | Don't try it |
| 8 Meg | 1.0 Meg | 3.0 Meg |
NOTE: These numbers assume that AutoSave and Backup on Save are turned off. Add the document size to these figures if either preference is on.
You haven't lost anything until you exit Frame. See #3.
Graphics do not take up much additional quota if you import by reference.