Xess on Athena (AC-76)Xess on Athena (AC-76)Xess offers standard spreadsheet features:
Xess produces output in a variety of formats:
Xess has many other capabilities and features. This documentation covers the basics of building and maintaining simple spreadsheets.
You should already be familiar with window concepts, including scroll bars, pull-down menus, and pop-up dialog boxes. These concepts are covered in the Working On Athena documentation.
The Xess spreadsheet program has been upgraded to version 3.1 on all Athena platforms. The 3.1 release fixes a couple of bugs from the 3.0 release. New features of Xess 3.x compared to 2.0 include:
Spreadsheets created with Xess 3.x will be saved in the new format with the filename extension .xs3. You can load spreadsheets that have been created using Xess 2.0 (and that have the extension .xs) by selecting File Format XS in the Open dialog box. Xess 2.0 is no longer available on Athena.
Getting Started with Xess and the Xess User's Guide are available reference in the Athena Reference Collections in Barker and Hayden libraries, and in the Athena Consultant's office, N42 1st Floor. Manuals can be ordered from:
Applied Information Systems Sales
100 Europa Drive, Suite 555
Chapel Hill, NC 27514
Phone: (919) 942-7801
Fax: (919) 493-7563User's Guide: $30
Getting Started: $18
API Guide: $25
Shipping fee: $12.50 (UPS ground)
They prefer a P.O. for payment; MIT purchasers should mention that they are affiliated with the MIT site license.
athena% add xess athena% xess &
This opens a new window, your Xess display. You can also start Xess by selecting it from the Numerical/Math Dash menu.
A new
Xess spreadsheet window
You can make the Xess window whatever size you choose. (The size of your spreadsheet does not depend on the window size; the spreadsheet is as large as the range of cells you fill with data.)
A dialog box pops up asking for the address of the destination.
Click on OK or press Return to move. Click on Cancel to cancel the action.
The view adjusts so the requested cell appears in the display area.
The Find tools on the Search menu let you locate a specific value or character string. This is covered in detail in the Xess User's Guide and in the Xess Help on Find Dialog.
Here is a summary of these movement commands:
---------------------------------------------------------------
Method Action Result
---------------------------------------------------------------
Keyboard Press arrow keys move one row or column
in arrow direction
Mouse Click LEFT button move to the chosen cell
Scroll bars LEFT drag on slider move view to chosen location
LEFT click on end move view one row or column
arrow in that direction
LEFT click in empty move view one page in
area that direction
Go To Select Go To from dialog box appears for cell
View menu (C-g) address
---------------------------------------------------------------
When you start Xess, a blank spreadsheet appears. You can create a spreadsheet by entering data (see Entering Data), or you can load an existing spreadsheet to edit.
When you enter data into your blank spreadsheet, you have created a working spreadsheet. This sheet is called "Untitled" until you give it a name. If you don't give it a name by saving the sheet, Xess asks you for a name when you exit.
To save the current spreadsheet:
----------------------------------------------------------------
Format Description Suffix
----------------------------------------------------------------
Xess cells A range of cells to be later imported .xc3
into another Xess spreadsheet.
ASCII text Data (string and numeric values) in .txt
ASCII text. This format uses the
column width in Xess to determine
the column width in the text file,
creating a tabular representation.
ASCII tab ASCII text data using tabs to .tsv
separated values separate cell values.
ASCII comma ASCII text data using commas to .csv
separated values separate cell values. Text strings
appear in double quotes.
LaTeX tabular Data is written in LaTeX "tabular" .tex
environment and can be directly
included in LaTeX documents
----------------------------------------------------------------
For example, you can open the example files in the xess locker: Type /mit/xess/examples/xs_examples/ in the Filter box, then double-click on one of the example in the Files list.
You can open files from other spreadsheet programs by changing the "File Format." These formats are available:
-------------------------- Suffix Format -------------------------- .xs3 Xess 3.0 (default) .xs Xess pre-3.0 .wk1 Lotus, et al .wks Lotus, et al --------------------------You can also load data from other programs using the Import commands on the File menu. You can import files in these formats:
-------------------------------------------------------- Suffix Format -------------------------------------------------------- .txt Text .xc3 Cells (to "cut and paste") to another Xess sheet .tsv Tab Separated Values .csv Comma Separated Values --------------------------------------------------------
There is more information about loading spreadsheets and using the file filter (which determines what files appear in the list) in the Xess User's Guide.
When you edit an existing spreadsheet, save it before you exit Xess by using the Save command described above. The default file name for a previously existing spreadsheet is the name you loaded. Saving the file overwrites the existing file; no backup (~) file is created.
You can enter different kinds of data into cells and manipulate that data in many ways. You can enter text, numbers, and formulas, align and format data, and reference other cells. The following sections describe the basics; you can get more information in the Xess User's Guide and in the Xess internal help.
As you enter data at your keyboard, it appears in the edit line. When you press Return or click on the accept (check) button, the data is entered into the current cell. In this documentation, examples show the edit area as if you were entering the data, followed by the result:
[address] sample data resulting cell contentsAs in:
[A1] =100-54 46
To edit data you have already entered without retyping the entire cell contents, you must enter edit mode. Edit mode highlights the edit area (with a heavy border) and places the cursor in the edit area. Select the cell you want to edit, then click on the edit line or choose Edit Cell from the Edit menu to enter edit mode. You can use the left and right arrow keys to move within the edit area.
Text entries are useful for labeling columns and rows and including comments. You can also use Xess as a pseudo-database to manipulate textual information.
To enter most text into a cell, type the text. If your text entry begins with a number, Xess tries to treat it like a numeric entry; you must precede the text with an apostrophe ('). For instance, an entry such as 253-1000 could be a phone number or a subtraction formula. Xess assumes a numeric entry (unless you have specified justification for that cell), and automatically inserts the numeric entry = indicator:
[A1] =253-1000 -747
Enter '253-1000 to specify text and cause Xess to display 253-1000.
[A2] '253-1000 253-1000
If your text entry exceeds the width of the column, Xess displays the text across as many empty columns as possible.
You can format the text with the options under the Format menu, including fonts, colors, justification, and text wrap.
Here are some conventions for entering numeric values. Remember that you only enter the value; you use formatting commands (see Formatting numeric values) to change the way Xess displays the numbers.
If the width of the cell is too narrow to display the numeric value in the cell, Xess displays as much of the value as it can, and adds a heavy solid line on the left edge of the cell to indicate that the entry has been truncated.
These commands produce a pop-up dialog box with all your choices. These choices are described fully in the Xess User's Guide and in the Xess Help under Cell Contents.
All these examples were entered as 1234.56; only the format was changed with the Cell Format command (described below):
-----------------------------------------------------------
Format Description Result
-----------------------------------------------------------
Scientific Scientific notation 1.23456000e+03
Fixed A fixed number of decimal 1234.56000000
places, specified in the Cell
Format dialog box
General Fixed format or scientific, 1234.56 or
whichever fits. No trailing 1.2e+03
zeros.
Dollars Leading $ sign and commas. $1,234.56
Negative values displayed
in parentheses and in red (on
color monitors). (You must
set the decimal place to 2.)
Comma Comma delimiters 1,234.56000000
Hex Displays the integer portion Ox4D2
of the number in base 16
with leading Ox.
Logic Displays 0 as 0, 1 as 1, other ?
values as ?
-----------------------------------------------------------
/month/day/yearThen choose the format of the output (in this example, DD-MMM-YY):
[A3] /7/24/95/7/24/95 24-Jul-95
To get today's date, enter @today and choose the format. (By default, a date is represented as an integer equal to the number of days since December 31, 1899. This makes it possible to use date values in calculations.)
Formulas, defining the relationships between cells, are the real purpose of a spreadsheet. Formulas can sum columns, compute averages, find a minimum or maximum value, and much more. Numeric entries stay the same until you change them, but formulas automatically update when referenced cells change.
Formulas are never displayed in the cell; they work in the background and display the results. When you select a cell with a formula in it, the formula is displayed in the control/status area, and you can edit the formula by clicking in the edit area. Here are some examples of formulas:
[C2] =1567.5-181.52 1385.98 [C3] =C2+10 1395.98 [C4] =@PI**3 31.006277
Xess formulas look just like algebraic formulas. Here is a list of operators in order of precedence, highest to lowest:
---------------------------------------------
Precedence Operator Definition
---------------------------------------------
14 % Unary percent
13 ** Exponentiation
12 + Unary plus
12 - Unary minus
12 ~ Bitwise complement
12 ! Logical not
11 * Multiplication
11 / Division
11 % Modulus
10 + Addition
10 - Subtraction
9 << Shift left
9 >> Shift right
8 < Less than
8 > Greater than
8 <= Less than or equal
8 >= Greater than or equal
7 == Equal
7 != Not equal
6 & Bitwise and or
String concatenation
5 ^ Bitwise exclusive or
4 | Bitwise or
3 && Logical and
2 || Logical or
1 ?: Conditional
---------------------------------------------
You can override this precedence by using parentheses in your formula.
Here are some conventions for entering formulas:
There are also built-in functions which provide a shortcut to developing long formulas. Xess provides mathematical, statistical, conditional statistical, string, logical, digital logical, financial, date and time, and some miscellaneous functions. There are also embedded tools, such as eigenvalue calculation and matrix multiplication, which produce results in the form of a matrix of cells instead of a single cell. Xess functions begin with an @ sign, and enclose their arguments in parentheses. Here are some examples (see Summary of Xess Functions for a more complete list):
---------------------------------------------------------
Example Meaning
---------------------------------------------------------
@sum(A1,B1,E1) Sum of the values in cells A1, B1, and E1
@cos(C6) Cosine of the angle in cell C6 (assumes
radians)
@avg(D1..D10) Average of the values in range D1 to D10
@now Current date and time
@transpose Transpose of the matrix A1..C3
(A1..C3)
---------------------------------------------------------
[B10] =@SUM(B1..B8)
By default, Xess uses relative references, so if you copy this formula, it still refers to "the cells in this column in the relative 8 rows.'' For example, if we copy B10 to C20, the formula changes to be relative to C20:
[C20] =@SUM(C11..C18)
You might instead wish to use those values in cells B1..B8 in several different cells. To specify an absolute cell address, insert a $ sign before the address coordinate to be fixed, as in $B$1. Now, we define B10 like this:
[B10] =@SUM($B$1..B$8)
Note that absolute reference to just one component of an address is allowed, as in B$8 above. Since we did not put a $ before the B in B8, it will be a reference relative to the cell (i.e., the same column, but absolute row 8). If we copy the contents of cell B10 to C20 now, we get:
[C20] =@SUM($B$1..C$8)
The B in B8 is free to change to C, while the 8 is fixed.
The commands to copy and move data are available on the Edit menu. You can copy the formula in a cell or the value of a cell to another part of the spreadsheet, or you can move everything to another part of the spreadsheet:
Copying occurs when you release the mouse button. Copy formulas and Move work the same way.
You can erase data from a cell or range of cells, or from the whole sheet. The following functions clear all data values, formulas, and formatting in the specified cell range, so be careful.
Xess allows you to create, format, and manipulate graphs and charts from the data in your Xess spreadsheet. You can create these graphs in separate windows or include them in an Xess cell, and you can save them with the spreadsheet or as separate Encapsulated PostScript files for inclusion in other documents.
Xess supports these formats. The pathname given for each is a sample you can open and imitate.
There are other examples in the /mit/xess/examples directory.
There are two possible methods for specifying the data sets in a graph:
A new window named Untitled is created with your graph. You can then edit the data ranges (as described below) or change any of the general graph characteristics.
After you have initially created a graph using the New option from the Graph menu, you can set data sets:
The Data Sets Options dialog box appears, displaying the Data Set # specified at the top left hand corner, with a drag bar below it. This drag bar lets you move between data sets.
You may define up to twenty (20) separate data sets for each axis. Enter the range by highlighting the range in the worksheet, or entering the first and last cell address separated like: A1..A15.
The Data Set Options dialog box lets you alter the following:
For more information on how to specify data sets select the Data Sets Dialog option from the Help Index menu.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Option Choices
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Printer type PostScript
Text
Destination Printer
File
Both (printer and file)
Horizontal pitch 10 CPI
This option is used for 12 CPI
Text only and controls 16.5 CPI
the number of characters
per inch (CPI) in the
printed output.
Vertical pitch 6 LPI
This option is used for 8 LPI
Text only and controls 12 LPI
the number of lines per
inch (LPI) in the printed
output.
Print area You may specify a print range to be
stored with the sheet. If you highlight
a range to be printed, this print area is
ignored.
Print command This field displays the actual print
command to be used based on the
selected printer. Default is lpr %s.
Printers A list of available printers. Choose a
specific printer instead of "Default."
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Many people don't specify a printer with the $PRINTER variable, but all workstations in Athena clusters should have a cluster printer. You can choose a different printer through the Printer Options dialog box. (Xess will set the print command string appropriately.)
Not all printers are listed in the Printer Options dialog box. To get another printer to appeard, you can set $PRINTER before starting Xess:
athena% setenv PRINTER pietro
Select one of the following from the File menu:
For details on these dialog boxes, refer to help topics Printer Options Dialog and Page Options Dialog respectively. You can also select Help from the Printer Options and Page Options dialog boxes.
When you are satisfied with the printer and page options, you can print to your destination:
-----------------------------------------------------------
Destination Action
-----------------------------------------------------------
Printer Click OK to print
File/Both Specify the filename.
For details on standard File Display dialogs,
refer to help topic File Display.
-----------------------------------------------------------
Inside the graph window, there are three menu buttons: File, Edit, and Options.
This function enables you to output the graph in Encapsulated PostScript format. The output can be directed to a printer, a file, or both from the Printer Options window. If you select Destination Printer, then your graph is sent directly to the printer you specify.
If you select Destination File or Destination Both, you need to enter the filename in the Selection box in the Print As window. Enter the filename, then select OK.
The syntax of these functions is discussed in detail in Appendix A of the Xess User's Guide.
--------------------------------------------------------
@ABS(X) Absolute value of X
@ACOS(X) Arc cosine of X
@ACOSH(X) Hyperbolic arc cosine of X
@ASIN(X) Arc sine of X
@ASINH(X) Hyperbolic arc sine of X
@ATAN(X) 2-quadrant arc tangent of X
@ATANH(X) Hyperbolic arc tangent of X
@ATAN2(X,Y) 4-quadrant arc tangent of Y/X
@CEIL(X) Smallest integer greater than or
equal to X
@COS(X) Cosine of X
@COSH(X) Hyperbolic cosine of X
@DEGREES(X) Pi times X
@DET(M) Determinant of the matrix range M,
which must be a square matrix
@DOT(R1,R2) Dot product of vectors R1 and R2
@EXP(X) e raised to the X power
@FLOOR(X) Largest integer less than or equal to X
@FRAC(X) Fractional portion of X
@GAMMA(X) Value of gamma function evaluated
at X
@GRAND 12th-degree binomial approximation
to a Gaussian random number
with zero mean and unit variance
@INT(X) Integer portion of X
@LN(X) Log base e of X
@LNGAMMA(X) Log base e of the gamma function
evaluated at X
@LOG(X) Log of X
@LOG10(X) Log base 10 of X
@LOG2(X) Log base 2 of X
@MOD(X,Y) Remainder of X/Y
@PI Value of pi
@POLY(X,...) Value of an Nth-degree polynomial
in X
@POLYCOEF(X,Y,d) Returns the least squares
coefficients for the polynomial fit.
X - a range representing a row or
column vector of independent
variable values
Y - a range representing a row or
column vector of dependent
variable values
d - polynomial degree (range 1--10)
@POLYFIT(X,Y,d) Returns least squares polynomial
fit.
@RADIANS(X) Pi/180 times X
@RAND A uniform random number on the
interval 0,1
@ROUND(X,n) X rounded to n (0 to 15) decimal
places
@SIGMOID(X) Value of the sigmoid function
1/(1 + exp(-X))
@SIN(X) Sine of X
@SINH(X) Hyperbolic sine of X
@SQRT(X) Positive square root of X
@SUMPRODUCT(R1,R2) Dot product of vectors R1 and R2,
where R1 and R2 are equal dimension
@TAN(X) Tangent of X
@TANH(X) Hyperbolic tangent of X
@VECLEN(...) Square root of sum of squares of
arguments
--------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------
@@(S) Reference to the cell or range S
@CELLREF(N1,N2) A reference to the cell in
column N1 and row N2
@COL(C) Column address of the cell
referenced by C
@HLOOKUP(X,S,R) Value of the cell in range S that
is R number of rows beneath X
@RANGEREF(N1,N2, N3,N4) A reference to the range
defined by coordinates N1
through N4
@ROW(C) Row address of the cell
referenced by C
@VLOOKUP(X,S,C) Value of the cell in range S that
is C number of columns to the
right of X
-----------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
@AVG(...) Average (mean) of arguments
@CHOOSE(N,...) Nth argument from the list
@CORR(R1,R2) Pearson's product-moment correlation
coefficient for the paired data in ranges
R1 and R2
@COUNT(...) A count of non-blank arguments
@F(M,N,F) Integral of Snedecor's F-distribution
from minus infinity to F with M and N
degrees of freedom
@FTEST(R1,R2) Significance level (alpha) of the two-
sided F-test on variances of the data
specified by ranges R1 and R2
@GMEAN(...) Geometric mean of arguments
@HMEAN(...) Harmonic mean of arguments
@MAX(...) Maximum of arguments
@MIN(...) Minimum of arguments
@MSQ(...) Mean of the squares of arguments
@PTTEST(R1,R2) Significance level (alpha) of the two-
sided t-test for the paired samples
specified by ranges R1 and R2
@RMS(...) Root of the mean of squares of arguments
@SSQ(...) Sum of squares of arguments
@STD(...) Population standard deviation (N
weighting) of arguments
@STDS(...) Population standard deviation (N-1
weighting) of arguments
@SUM(...) Sum of arguments
@T(N,T) Integral of Student's T-distribution with
N degrees of freedom from minus infinity
to T
@TTEST(R,X) Significance level (alpha) of the two-
sided single population t-test for the
population samples contained in range R
@TTEST2EV(R1,R2) Significance level (alpha) of the two-
sided dual population t-test for ranges
R1 and R2, where their variances are
equal
@TTEST2UV(R1,R2) Significance level (alpha) of the two-
sided single population T-test for ranges
R1 and R2, where their variances are not
equal
@VAR(...) Population variance (N weighting) of
arguments
@VARS(...) Population variance (N-1 weighting) of
arguments
@VSUM(...) "Visual sum" of arguments, using
precision and rounding of formatted cell
values
------------------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------
@CAVG(...,C) Conditional average (mean)
@CCOUNT(...,C) Conditional count
@CMAX(...,C) Conditional maximum
@CMIN(...,C) Conditional minimum
@CSTD(...,C) Conditional population standard deviation
(N weighting)
@CSTDS(...,C) Conditional population standard deviation
(N-1 weighting)
@CSUM(...,C) Conditional sum
@CVAR(...,C) Conditional population variance (N
weighting)
@CVARS(...,C) Conditional population variance (N-1
weighting)
----------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------
@CTERM(R,FV,PV) Number of compounding periods for
an investment
@DDB(C,S,L,N) Double-declining depreciation allow
ance
@FV(P,R,N) Future value of an annuity
@IRR(G,F) Internal rate of return on an investment
@PMT(PV,R,N) Periodic payment for a loan
@PV(P,R,N) Present value of an annuity
@RATE(FV,PV,N) Interest rate required to reach future
value FV
@SLN(C,S.L) Straight-line depreciation allowance
@SYD(C,S,L,N) "Sum-of-years-digits" depreciation
allowance
@TERM(P,R,FV) Number of payment periods for an
investment
---------------------------------------------------------
------------------------------------------------------------
@CHAR(N) Character represented by the ASCII
code N
@CLEAN(S) String formed by removing all non-
printing characters from the string S
@CODE(S) ASCII code for the first character in
string S
@EXACT(S1,S2) If S1 matches S2, 1; otherwise, 0
@FIND(S1,S2,N) Index of the first occurrence of S1 in
S2
@FORMAT(F,N,X) String formed by formatting the value
X using format code F and precision N
@HEXTONUM(S) Numeric value for the hexadecimal
interpretation of S
@LEFT(S,N) String composed of the leftmost N
characters of S
@LENGTH(S) Number of characters in S
@LOWER(S) S converted to lower case
@MID(S,N1,N2) String of length N2 that starts at
position N1 in S
@N(R) Numeric value of the top left cell in
range R
@NUMTOHEX(X) Hexadecimal representation of the
integer portion of X
@PROPER(S) String S with the first letter of each
word capitalized
@REPEAT(S,N) String S repeated N times
@REPLACE(S1,N1, String formed by replacing the N2
N2,S2) characters starting at position N1 in S1
with string S2
@RIGHT(S,N) String composed of the rightmost N
characters of S
@S(R) String value of the top left cell in range R
@STRCAT(...) Concatenation of all arguments
@STRING(X,N) String representing the numeric value
of X, to N decimal places
@STRLEN(...) Total length of all strings in arguments
@TRIM(S) String formed by removing spaces
from string S
@UPPER(S) String S converted to upper case
@VALUE(S) Numeric value represented by the string S
------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
@DATE(Y,M,D) Date value for year Y, month M, and date D
@DAY(DT) Day number in the date/time value DT
@HOUR(DT) Hour value (0-23) of date/time value DT
@MINUTE(DT) Minute value (0-59) of date/time value DT
@MONTH(DT) Number of the month in date/time value DT
@NOW Date/time value of the current system date and
time
@SECOND(DT) Seconds value (0-59) of the date/time value DT
@TIME Time value for hour H, minute M, and second S
@TODAY Date value of the current system date
@YEAR(DT) Year value of date/time value DT
-------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------
@FALSE Logical value 0
@FILEEXISTS(S) 1 if file S can be opened to read;
otherwise 0
@IF(X,T,F) Value of T if X evaluates to non-zero,
or F if X evaluates to zero
@ISNUMBER(X) 1 if X is a numeric value; otherwise 0
@ISSTRING(X) 1 if X is a string value; otherwise 0
@TRUE Logical value 1
--------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------
@AND(...) 1 if all arguments are 1; 0 if any arguments are
0; otherwise -1
@NAND(...) 0 if all arguments are 1; 1 if any arguments are
0; otherwise -1
@NOR(...) 0 if any arguments are 1; 1 if all arguments are
0; otherwise -1
@NOT(X) 1 if X=0; 0 if X=1; otherwise -1
@OR(...) 1 if any arguments are 1; 0 if all arguments are
0; otherwise -1
@XOR(...) -1 if any arguments are UNKNOWN; 1 if the
total number of arguments with value 1 is odd;
0 if the total number of arguments with value 1
is even
-------------------------------------------------------------
In the keyboard bindings, note the difference between lower-case and capital letters. If no keyboard binding is given, there is none available. The underlined character in a command name is an alternative to the keyboard binding and the menus. For example, click on Edit to bring up the Edit menu, then type i to select the insert submenu and r to insert a new row instead of dragging the mouse through the menus.
(As in most Athena documentation, C-x means press x while holding down the Control (Ctrl) key; M-x means press x while holding down the Meta key (Compose Character or Alt on most keyboards).)
----------------------------------------
File M-N New
C-o Open
Import...
C-s Save
Save As...
Export...
M-p Print
Print As...
M-C Close
M-q Exit
Edit C-u Undo
F2 Edit Cell
C-a Select All
C-space Select
C-M- Reselect
space
Named Range...
C-m Move
Copy
C-f Copy Formulas
C-v Copy Values
C-Delete Clear
Insert
C-r Insert Row
C-c Insert Column
Insert Page Break Row
Insert Page Break Column
Delete
C-R Delete Row
C-C Delete Column
Delete Page Break Row
Delete Page Break Column
Search F6 Find...
F7 Find Next
F8 Find Previous
View Top
Bottom
C-g Go To...
Lock View Titles
Unlock View Titles
C-V Create New View
Format Column Width
Default Column Width
Snap Width to Contents
Column Width...
Row Height
Default Row Height
Snap Height to Contents
Row Height...
C-F Cell Format...
Font Family
Default
Courier
Helvetica
Souvenir
Times-Roman
Lubalin Graph
Font Style
Default
C-n Normal
C-b Bold
C-i Italic
C-I Bold-Italic
Font Size
Default
8 Pt
10 Pt
12 Pt
14 Pt
18 Pt
24 Pt
Underline
Default
Off
On
Justification
Default
M-a Automatic
M-r Right
M-l Left
M-c Center
Wrap
Default
Off
On
Cell Color...
Tools F9 Recalculate
Cell Protection
Default
Unprotected
Protect
Goal Seek
Sort
Extract
Characteristics M-C Default Cell Charateristics
M-S Default Sheet Characteristics
M-P PostScript Output Characteris
tics
Printer Characteristics
Options Cell Defaults...
Sheet Defaults...
Page Options...
Printer Options...
Import Options...
Copy Options...
Recalc Options...
Highlight Options...
New Graph Options...
Graph New Graph
Scatter Graph
Line Graph
Bar Graph
Histogram
Pie Graph
Surface Graph
Contour Graph
Polar Graph
Hi-Lo Graph
Edit Graph...
View Graph...
Insert In Sheet...
Delete Graph...
Connections Accept Connections
Refuse Connections
Lock Connections
Connection List...
---------------------------------------------------
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