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Media from: The elusive capacity of networks

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Butterfly network
The principle behind network coding is often explained by reference to a so-called butterfly network. When messages A and B reach the same node, they're scrambled together, and their combination (A+B) is passed to the next node. Further downstream, one node uses A to recover B from A+B, while another uses B to recover A from A+B.
Graphic: Christine Daniloff
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