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Sigerist Circle Bibliography on Race and Medicine The following bibliography was assembled from the thirteen Sigerist Circle bibliographies compiled between 1990 and 1997. It contains entries for books, articles, and dissertations relevant to race and medicine, published from the mid-1980s through early 1997. The Sigerist Circle is a group of historians and others interested in the history of medicine who wish to bring a left perspective to the discipline. We are committed to advancing studies related to race, class, and gender, and to promoting work using marxist, feminist, and other left-critical methodologies. We take our name from Henry E. Sigerist, Director of the Johns Hopkins Institute of the History of Medicine in the 1930s and 40s. Sigerist, a Swiss national, came to the United States from Leipzig, Germany, just months before the Nazi seizure of power. A medievalist by training, Sigerist was responsible for the first steps in professionalizing medical history in America. Among other things, he established the Bulletin of the History of Medicine. Sigerist aligned himself with progressive political forces while at Johns Hopkins and became widely known as a tireless crusader for national health insurance. His open left-wing positions made it difficult for him to function in postwar America, and he returned to Switzerland in 1947. The Sigerist Circle Bibliography is published as a section of the semi-annual Sigerist Circle Newsletter. In addition to race and third world issues, the bibliography attempts to provide citations to current literature relevant to the history of the health left, gender in relationship to medicine and health, history of class issues relating to medicine and health, history of medicine as a means of social control, history of war and medicine, "body history," history of animal rights, and history of children's rights and child abuse. This bibliography on history of race and medicine is divided into 7 sections:
The Sigerist Circle Newsletter is edited by Pauline Mazumdar; and bibliographies 1-13 were compiled by Ed Morman (who apologizes for inconsistency in style among entries) while he was at the Johns Hopkins Institute of the History of Medicine. Ted Brown is secretary-treasurer of the group. For further information about the Sigerist Circle, please contact Ted Brown, 63 Nicholson St., Rochester NY 14620 (brown@prevmed.rochester.edu). To submit material to the Sigerist Circle Newsletter, write to Pauline Mazumdar, The Kent House, 368 Sumach Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4X 1V4 (pmazumda@epas.utoronto.ca). You can write to Ed Morman at: Associate Librarian for Historical Collection 1. Racism and racial theory, including eugenics Adams, David P. "Malaria, Labor, and Population Distribution in Costa Rica: A Biohistorical Perspective." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 27, no. 1 (1996): 75-85.
Adams, Mark B., editor. The Wellborn Science: Eugenics in Germany, France, Brazil, and Russia. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990. Albiston, Catherine. "The Social Meaning of the Norplant Condition: Constitutional Considerations of Race, Class, and Gender." Berkeley Women's Law Journal 9 (1994): 9-57. Allen, Theodore. The Invention of the White Race. Vol. 1: Racial Oppression and Social Control. New York: Verso, 1994. Anderson, Warwick. "Disease, Race, and Empire." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70.1 (1996): 62-67.
-------. "Immunities of Empire: Race, Disease, and the New Tropical Medicine, 1900-1920." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70.1 (1996): 94-118. "Historians and the Bell Curve Controversies: A Special Symposium." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 33, no. 2 (1977): 127-44.
Barkan, Barkan. "Reevaluating Progressive Eugenics: Herbert Spencer Jennings and the 1924 Immigration Legislation." Journal of the History of Biology, 1991, 24: 91-112. -----. The Retreat of Scientific Racism: Changing Concepts of Race in Britain and the United States between the World Wars. New York: Cambridge Univcersity Press, 1992.
Bartley, Mary. "Conflicts in Human Progress: Sexual Selection and the Fisherian `Runaway'." British Journal for the History of Science 27.2 (June 1994): 177-196.
Berry, Mary Frances. "Judging Morality: Sexual Behavior and Legal Consequences in the Late Nineteenth-Century South." Journal of American History, 1991, 78: 835-856. Bloom, Lisa. "Constructing Whiteness: Popular Science and the National Geographic in the Age of Multiculturalism." Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science and Technology 2.1 (1994): 15-32. Bogin, Mary Ellen. "The Meaning of Heredity in American Medicine and Popular Health Advice: 1771-1860." Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 1990. Braslow, Joel T. "In the Name of Therapeutics: The Practice of Sterilization in a California State Hospital." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 51.1 (1996): 29-52.
Broberg, Gunnar, and Nils Roll-Hansen, eds. Eugenics and the Welfare State: Sterilization Policy in Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1996. Brunet, Guy. "Populations et Hérédite: à la Croisée des Pistes." Revue d'Histoire des Sciences 67.1 (Jan. 1994): 91-106.
Casalinio, Larry. "Decoding the Human Genome Project: An Interview with Evelyn Fox-Keller." Socialist Review, 1991, 21(2): 111-126. Clarke, Adele. "Genetic Disorders, Social Order." SocialistReview, 1991, 21: 171-176.
Cocks, Geoffrey. "The International Eugenics Community." Reviews in American History 22.4 (Dec. 1994): 674-678.
"Constructing Race: Differentiating Peoples in the Early Modern World." William and Mary Quarterly 54, no. 1 (1997): 3-352.
Cook-Degan, Robert M. The Gene Wars: Science, Politics, and the Human Genome. New York: Norton, 1994. Crook, David Paul. Darwinism, War, and History: The Debate Over the Biology of War From The Origin of Species to the First World War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Davenport, Randi. "Thomas Malthus and Maternal Bodies Politic: Gender, Race, and Empire." Women's History Review 4, no. 4 (1995): 415-40. Deacon, Harriet Jane. "Madness, Race and Moral Treatment: Robben Island Lunatic Asylum, Cape Colony, 1846-1890." History of Psychiatry 7, no. 2 (1996): 287-97. Dijck, José van. "Reading the Human Genome Narrative." Science as Culture 5.2 (1995): 217-47. Frank Dikotter. "The Discourse of Race and the Medicalization of Public and Private Space in Modern China (1895-1949)." History of Science, 1991, 29: 411-428.
Dowbiggin, Ian. "`An Exodus of Enthusiasm': G. Alder Blumer, Eugenics, and U.S. Psychiatry, 1890-1920." Medical History, 1992, 36: 379-402.
Dubois, Laurent. "A Spoonful of Blood: Haitians, Racism and AIDS." Science As Culture 6, no. 1 (1996): 7-43. Dubow, Saul. Scientific Racism in Modern South Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. Duster, Troy. Backdoor to Eugenics. New York: Routledge, 1990. Efron, John M. Defenders of the Race: Jewish Doctors and Race Science in Fin-De-Siècle Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994. -----. "Images of the Jewish Body: Three Medical Views from the Jewish Enlightenment." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 69.3 (Sept. 1995): 349-366.
Ehrenström, Phillippe. "Eugénisme et Santé Publique: La Stérilization Légale des Malades Mentaux dans le Canton de Vaud (Suisse)." History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 15.2 (1993): 205-227.
Farmer, Paul. AIDS and Accusation: Haiti and the Geography of Blame. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992. Felsenstein, Frank. Anti-Semitic Stereotypes: A Paradigm of Otherness in English Popular Culture, 1660-1830. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Fields, Barbara Jeanne. "Slavery, race and ideology in the United States of America." New Left Review, May/June 1990, no. 181: 95-118. Fletcher, Ronald. Science, Ideology, and the Media: The Cyril Burt Scandal. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers, 1991. Gamble, Vanessa Northington. "Conversations with History: Women Physicians and their Foremothers." Women's Review of Books 10.5 (Feb. 1993): 30-32.
Gelfand, Toby. "From Religious to Bio-Medical Anti-Semitism: The Career of Jules Soury." In: French Medical Culture in the Nineteenth Century, edited by Ann La Berge and Mordechai Feingold. Clio Medica 25. Amsterdam; Atlanta: Rodopi, 1994. Geus, Armin. "Die Kontroverse zwischen dem Botaniker Karl Adolf Hansen (1851-1920) und Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855-1927) über Goethes Metamorphosenlehre." Medizinhistorisches Journal 28.2/3 (1993): 165-172.
Gilman, Sander. The Case of Sigmund Freud: Medicine and Identity at the Fin de Siècle. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. -----. Freud, Race, and Gender. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
-----. "The Jewish Body: a 'Footnote.'" Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 1990, 64: 588-602. -----. The Jew's Body. New York: Routledge, 1991. -----. Franz Kafka, the Jewish Patient. New York: Routledge, 1995. Goldberg, Ann. "The Limits of Medicalization: Jewish Lunatics and Nineteenth-Century Germany." History of Psychiatry 7, no. 2 (1996): 265-85.
Goldberg, David Theo, ed. The Anatomy of Racism, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1990.
Gould, Stephen Jay. The Mismeasure of Man. New York: Norton, 1996.
Gradmann, Christoph. "Bazillen, Krankheit Und Krieg." Berichte Zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte 19, no. 2-3 (1996): 81-94.
Greenlee, Greenlee. "Biomedicine and Ideology: a Social History of the Conceptualization and Treatment of Essential Hypertension in the United States." Ph.D. dissertation, Temple University, 1989. Gökyigit, Emel Aileen. "The Reception of Francis Galton's Hereditary Genius in the Victorian Periodical Press." Journal of the History of Biology 27.2 (June 1994): 215-230.
Guillaumin, Charlotte. Racism, Sexism, Power and Ideology. New York: Routledge, 1995.
Hall, Stephen Ray. "Oscar McCulloch and Indiana Eugenics." Diss.: Virginia Commonwealth University, 1993. Haller, John. Outcasts From Evolution: Scientific Attitudes of Racial Inferiority, 1859-1900. Carbondale: University of Southern Illinois Press, 1995.
Hammar, Lawrence. "The Dark Side to Donovanosis: Color, Climate, Race and Racism in American South Venerology." Journal of Medical Humanities 18, no. 1 (1997): 29-57.
Hannaford, Ivan. Race: The History of an Idea in the West. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Harding, Sandra, ed. The `Racial' Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
Harris, Ruth. "The 'Child of the Barbarian': Rape, Race and Nationalism in France During the First World War." Past & Present .141 (1993): 170-206. Harrison, Mark. "'The Tender Frame of Man': Disease, Climate, and Racial Differences in India and the West Indies, 1760-1860." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70.1 (1996): 68-93.
Harrowitz, Nancy A. and Barbara Hyams, ed. Jews & Gender: Responses to Otto Weininger. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1995.
Hartouni, Valerie. "Breached Birth: Reflections on Race, Gender, and Reproductive Discourse in the 1980s." Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology 2.1 (1994): 73-88. Hasian, Marouf Arif. The Rhetoric of Eugenics in Anglo-American Thought. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996. Heilke, Thomas W. Voegelin on the Idea of Race: An Analysis of Modern European Racism. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1990.
Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks. "African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 1992, 17: 251-274.
Higgs, Edward. "The Statistical Big Bang of 1911: Ideology, Technological Innovation and the Production of Medical Statistics." Social History of Medicine 9, no. 3 (1966): 409-26.
"Historians and the Bell Curve Controversies: A Special Symposium." Jounral of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 33, no. 2 (1977): 127-44.
Hodgeson, Dennis. "Ideological Currents and the Interpretation of Demographic Trends: The Case of Francis Amasa Walker." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1992, 28: 28-44.
Hommel, Andrea. "Herman Rohleder (1866-1934) und die Anfänge der künstlichen Befruchtung in Deutschland." Medizinhistorisches Journal 29.2 (1994): 121-148. Howell, Joel D. "The History of Eugenics and the Future of Gene Therapy." Journal of Clinical Ethics 2.4 (Dec. 1991): 274-278.
Huertas, Rafael, and José Martinez-Perez. "Disease and Crime in Spanish Positivist Psychiatry." History of Psychiatry 4.4 (Dec. 1993): 459-481.
Hughes, John S.. "Labeling and Treating Black Mental Illness in Alabama, 1861-1910." Journal of Southern History, 1992, 58: 435-460. Jones, Greta. "Women and Eugenics in Britain: The Case of Mary Scharlieb, Elizabeth Sloan Chesser, and Stella Browne." Annals of Science 52.5 (Sept. 1995): 481-502.
Kamminga, Harmke, and Andrew Cunningham, eds. The Science and Culture of Nutrition, 1840-1940. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1995.
Kamrat-Lang, Debora. "Healing Society: Medical Language in American Eugenics." Science in Context 8.1 (Mar. 1995): 175-196. Kevles, Daniel J. "Is the Past Prologue? Eugenics and the Human Genome Project." Contention: Debates in Society, Culture, and Science 2.3 (Mar. 1993): 21-37.
Kohn, Marek. The Race Gallery: The Return of Racial Science. London: Jonathan Cape, 1995. Koven, Seth and Sonya Michel, editors. Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States. New York: Routledge, 1993. Kraepelin, Emil, and Eric J. Engstrom trans. "Psychiatric Observations on Contemporary Issues." History of Psychiatry 3.2 (1992): 253-269.
Kraut, Alan M. Silent Travelers: Germs, Genes, and the "Immigrant Menace." New York: Basic Books, 1994. Krieger, Nancy. "Sicknesses of Society: Gender, Race, Class and Epidemiology." Women's Review of Books 10.5 (Feb. 1993): 18-20.
-----. "Shades of difference: theoretical underpinnings of the medical controversy on black/white differences in the United States, 1830-1870." International Journal of Health Services, 1987, 17: 259-278. Kudlien, Fridolf. "The Belief in 'Race' and the Fight against Hereditary Diseases and Defects." History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences, 1990, 12: 271-75.
Kühl, Stefan. The Nazi Connection: Eugenics, American Racism, and German National Socialism. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Larson, Edward J. Sex, Race and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995.
-----. "The Rhetoric of Eugenics: Expert Authority and the Mental Deficiency Bill." British Journal of the History of Science, 1991, 24: 45-60. Leon, Juan Enrique. "A Literary History of Eugenic Terror in England and America." Diss.: Harvard University, 1989. Lerner, Barron H. "Constructing Medical Indications: The Sterilization of Women with Heart Disease or Tuberculosis, 1905- 1935." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 49.3 (July 1994): 362-279. Lerner, Richard M. Final Solutions: Biology, Prejudice, and Genocide. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1992.
Lewontin, Richard. Biology as Ideology: the Doctrine of DNA. New York: HarperPerenial, 1992. Not really historical; but an important statement by a major contemporary biologist on problems with biological determinism. Lilienthal, Georg. "Die jüdischen 'Rassenmerkmale': Zur Geschichte der Anthropologie der Juden." Medizinhistorisches Journal 28.2/3 (1993): 173-198. Lippman, Abby. "Led (Astray) by Genetic Maps: The Cartography of the Human Genome and Health Care." Social Science and Medicine 35.12 (1992): 1469-1476. -----. "Mother Matters: A Fresh Look at Prenatal Genetic Testing." Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering 5.2 (1992): 141- 154. -----. "Prenatal Genetic Testing and Screening: Constructing Needs and Reinforcing Inequities." American Journal of Law and Medicine 17.1/2 (1991): 15-50. Litt, Jacquelyn. "Mothering, Medicalization, and Jewish Identity, 1928-1940." Gender & Society 1- , no. 2 (1996): 185-98. Luker, Kristin. Dubious Conceptions: The Politics of Teenage Pregnancy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996. Malchow, H. L. "Frankenstein's Monster and Images of Race in Nineteenth Century Britain." Past & Present .139 (1993): 90-112. Manderson, Lenore. "Colonial Desires: Sexuality, Race, and Gender in British Malaya." Journal of the History of Sexuality 7, no. 2 (1997): 372-88.
Markel, Howard. "'Knocking Out the Cholera': Cholera, Class, and Quarantine in New York City, 1892." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 69.3 (Sept. 1995): 420-457.
Mazumdar, Pauline M. H. "Two Models for Human Genetics: Blood Grouping and Psychiatry in Germany Between the Wars." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70, no. 4 (1966): 609-57.
-----. Eugenics, Human Genetics and Human Failings: The Eugenics Society, Its Source and Its Critics in Britain. New York: Routledge, 1992. McLaren, Angus. Our Own Master Race: Eugenics in Canada, 1885-1945. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1990. Mitchell, Harvey, and Samuel S. Kottek. "An Eighteenth-Century Medical View of the Diseases of the Jews in Northeastern France: Medical Anthropology and the Politics of Jewish Emancipation." Bulletin of the History of Medicine 67.2 (June 1993): 248-281.
Mörgeli, Christoph. "Chirurgischer Eingriff gegen die Übervölkerung: Professor Weinholds Vorhaut-Infibulation." Gesnerus 50.3/4 (1993): 264-271.
Murphy, John M. "'To Create a Race of Thoroughbreds:' Margaret Sanger and The Birth Control Review," Women's Studies in Communication, 1990, 13: 23-45. Murphy, Timothy F. and Marc A. Lappé, editors. Justice and the Human Genome Project. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994. Nelkin, Dorothy, and Susan Lindee. The DNA Mystique: The Gene As Cultural Icon. New York: Freeman, 1995. Nestel, Sheryl. "'Other Mothers': Race and Representation in Natural Childbirth Discourse." Resources for Feminist Research = Documentation Sur La Recherche Feministe 23.1 (1994-1995): 5-19.
Noll, Steven. "Southern Strategies for Treating the Black Feeble-Minded: From Social Control to Profound Indifference." Journal of Policy History, 1991, 3: 130-151. Paul, Diane B. Controlling Human Heredity: 1865 to the Present. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1995. -----. "Enthusiastic Claims." Science, 1991, 252: 142-143.
Pauly, Philip J. "Essay Review: The Eugenics Industry -- Growth or Restructuring?" Journal of the History of Biology 26.1 (Mar. 1993): 131-145.
Peniston, Reginald L. and Otelio S. Randall. "Coronary Artery Disease in Black Americans 1920-1960: the Shaping of Medical Opinion." Journal of the National Medical Association, 1989, 81: 591-600. Pernick, Martin. The Black Stork: Eugenics and the Death of "Defective" Babies in American Medicine and Motion Pictures Since 1915. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Robb, George. "The Way of All Flesh: Degeneration, Eugenics, and the Gospel of Free Love." Journal of the History of Sexuality 6, no. 4 (1996): 590-603. Rushton, Alan R. Genetics and Medicine in the United States, 1800 to 1922. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. Rushton, J. Philippe. Race, Evolution, and Behavior: A Life History Perspective. New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1995.
Samelson, Franz, "Rescuing the Reputation of Sir Cyril [Burt]." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 1992, 28: 221-233.
Sappol, Michael. "Sammy Tubbs and Dr. Hubbs: Anatomical Dissection, Minstrelry, and the Technology of Self-Making in Postbellum America." Configurations: A Journal of Literature, Science, and Technology 4, no. 2 (1996): 131-84.
Sengoopta, Chandak. "Science, Sexuality, and Gender in the Fin de Siecle: Otto Weininger as Baedeker." History of Science, 1992, 30: 249-279.
Shipman, Pat. The Evolution of Racism: Human Differences and the Use and Abuse of Science. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994.
Smedley, Audrey. Race in North America: Origin and Evolution of a Worldview. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1993.
Smith, J. David. The Eugenic Assault on America: Science in Red, White, and Black. Fairfax, Va.: George Mason University Press, 1993. Smith, John David, ed. The Biblical and `Scientific' Defense of Slavery. New York: Garland, 1993.
-------. Racial Determinism and the Fear of Miscegenation, post-1900. New York: Garland, 1993.
Solinger, Rickie. "Race and `Value': Black and White Illegitimate Babies in the U.S.A., 1945-1965." Gender & History 4.3 (1992): 343-363.
-----. Wake Up Little Susie: Single Pregnancy and Race before Roe v. Wade. New York: Routledge, 1992.
Solomon, Martha. "The Rhetoric of Dehumanization: an Analysis of Medical Reports of the Tuskegee Syphilis Project." Western Journal of Speech Communication, 1985, 49: 233-47. Soloway, Richard A. "The 'Perfect Contraceptive': Eugenics and Birth Control in Britain and America in the Interwar Years." Journal of Contemporary History 34, no. 4 (1995). -----. Demography and Degeneration: Eugenics and the Declining Birthrate in Twentieth-Century Britain. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1990. Somerville, Siobhan. "Scientific Racism and the Emergence of the Homosexual Body." Journal of the History of Sexuality 5.2 (Oct. 1994): 243-266. Speaker, Susan L., and M. Susan Lindee. A Guide to the Human Genome Project: Technologies, People, and Institutions. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage FOundation, 1993. Stepan, Nancy Leys. The Hour of Eugenics: Race, Gender, and Nation in Latin America. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991. Swartz, Sally. "Colonizing the Insane: Causes of Insanity in the Cape, 1891-1920." History of the Human Sciences 8.4 (1995): 39-57.
Tapper, Melbourne. "Interrogating Bodies: Medico-Racial Knowledge, Politics, and the Study of a Disease." Comparative Studies in Society and History 37.1 (Jan. 1995): 76-93.
Telarolli, Rodolpho Jr. "Imigração e Epidemias No Estado De São Paulo." Manguinhos: História, Ciêcias, Saùde 3, no. 2 (1996): 265-83.
Tennant, Margaret. "Children's Health Camps in New Zealand: The Making of a Movement, 1919-1940." Social History of Medicine 9, no. 1 (1996): 69-87.
Teslow, Tracy Lang. "Representing Race: Artistic and Scientific Realism." Science as Culture 5.1 (1995): 12-38.
Tobach, Ethel and Betty Rosoff, editors. Challenging Racism and Sexism: Alternatives to Genetic Explanations. New York: Feminist Press at the City University of New York, 1994. Treichler, Paula A., and Lisa Cartwright. "Introduction: Imaging Techologies, Inscribing Science." Camera Obscura: A Journal of Feminism and Film Theory .28 (Jan. 1992): 5-20.
Tucker, William H. "Re-Reconsidering Burt: Beyond a Reasonable Doubt." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 33, no. 2 (1997): 145-62.
-----. The Science and Politics of Racial Research. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994. -----. "Fact and Fiction in the Discovery of Sir Cyril Burt's Flaws." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 30.4 (Oct. 1994): 335-347.
Umansky, Lauri. "The Sisters Reply: Black Nationalist Pronatalism, Black Feminism, and the Quest for a Multiracial Women's Movement, 1965-1974." Critical Matrix 8.2 (1994): 19-50. Vazakas, Susan Malamate. "Genetic Discrimination and the Americans with Disabilities Act." Diss.: Boston Univ., 1993. Vogel, Amy. "Regulating Degeneracy: Eugenic Sterilization in Iowa, 1911-1977." Annals of Iowa 54 (1995): 119-43. Wailoo, Keith. "Genetic Marker of Segregation: Sickle Cell Anemia, Thalassemia, and Racial Ideology in American Medical Writing, 1920-1950." History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences 18, no. 3 (1996): 305-20.
Warner, John Harley. "Cultural Nationalism and Tropical Fevers: Models of Colonial Medicine in the American South, 1840-1860." In: Mundialización de la Ciencia y Cultura Nacional, edited by A. LaFuente et al. Madrid: Doce Calles, 1993. 511-518.
Weikart, Richard. "The Origins of Social Darwinism in Germany, 1859-1895." Journal of the History of Ideas 53.4 (July 1993): 469-488. Weindling, Paul. Darwinism and Social Darwinism in Imperial Germany: The Contribution of the Cell Biologist Oscar Hertwig (1849-1922). Stuttgart; New York: G. Fischer, 1991. Weingart, Peter. "Eugenics -- Medical or Social Science?" Science in Context 8.1 (Mar. 1995): 197-207. Weir, Robert F., Susan C. Lawrence, and Evan Fales, editors. Genes and Human Self-Knowledge: Historical and Philosophical Reflection on Modern Genetics. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1994. Weissman, Gerald. Democracy and DNA: American Dreams and Medical Progress. New York: Hill & Wang, 1995. Wilkie, Tom. Perilous Knowledge: The Human Genome Project and its Implications. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993. Wilkinson, Doris Y. and Gary King. "Conceptual and methodological issues in the use of race as a variable: policy implications." Milbank Quarterly, 1987 65 (suppl. 1): 56-71. Williams, Elizabeth A. The Physical and the Moral: Anthropology, Physiology, and Philosophical Medicine in France, 1750-1850. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Wilmoth, John R. "Arguments and Action in the Life of a Social Problem: A Case Study of 'Overpopulation.'" Social Problems 42 (1995): 318-43. Zihni, Lilian. "Raised Parental Age and the Occurrence of Down's Syndrome." History of Psychiatry 5.1 (17) (Mar. 1994): 71-88.
Zimmerman, Susan. "Industrial Capitalism's Hostility to Childbirth, Responsible Childbearing, and Eugenic Reproductive Policies in the First Third of the Twentieth Century." Issues in Reproductive and Genetic Engineering: Journal of International Feminist Analysis, 1990, 3: 191-200. 2. Medicine, race theory, and fascism Adelsberger, Lucie. Auschwitz: A Doctor's Story. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1995. Aly, Götz. Vordenker der Vernichtung: Auschwitz und die Deutschen Pläne für eine neue Europäische Ordnung. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch, 1993.
-------, Peter Chroust, and Christian Pross. Cleansing the Fatherland: Nazi Medicine and Racial Hygiene. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994. ----- and Suzanne Heim. Vordenker der Vernichtung: Auschitz und die deutschen Plne fur eine neue europaische Ordnung. Hamburg: Hoffmann und Campe, 1991.
Annas, George J., and Michael A. Grodin eds. The Nazi Doctors and the Nuremberg Code: Human Rights in Human Experimentation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992. Die Auschwitz-Hefte: Texte der polnischen Zeitschrift "Przeglad lekarski" uber historische, psychische und medizinische Aspekte des Lebens und Sterbens in Auschwitz, edited by the Hamburger Institut fur Sozialforschung; translated from the Polish by Jochen August et al. Weinheim: Beltz Verlag, 1987.
Bastian, Till ed., and Karl Bonhoeffer ed. Thema: Erinnern . . . : Medizin und Massenvernichtung. Stuttgart: Hinzel, 1992. Bäumer, Anne. NS-Biologie. Stuttgart: Hirzel, 1990. Blady Szwajger, Adina. I remember nothing more: The Warsaw Children's Hospital and the Jewish resistance. New York: Pantheon Books, 1990.
Blasius, Dirk. "Psychiatrie in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus." Sudhoffs Archiv: Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftsgeschichte, 1991, 75: 90-105 Burleigh, Michael. "Survey of Developments in the Social History of Medicine: III. 'Euthanasia' in the Third Reich: Some Recent Literature." Social History of Medicine, 1991, 4: 317-328. ---------. Death and Deliverance: "Euthanasia" in German c. 1900-1945. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. -----. "Psychiatry, German Society, and the Nazi `Euthanasia' Programme." Social History of Medicine 7.2 (Aug. 1994): 213-228.
Bussche, Hendrik van den, ed. Medizinische Wissenschaft im Dritten Reich: Kontinuitt, Anpassung und Opposition an der Hamburger medizinischen Fakulät. Berlin: Reimer, 1989.
Cocks, Geoffrey. "The International Eugenics Community." Reviews in American History 22.4 (Dec. 1994): 674-678.
Delius, Peter, and Horst Dilling. "The End of the Strecknitz Asylum at Lübeck -- A Contribution to the Social History of Psychiatry during National Socialism." History of Psychiatry 6.3 (Sept. 1995): 267-281. Eveleth, Donna. "Vichy France and the Continuity of Medical Nationalism." Social History of Medicine 8.1 (Apr. 1995): 95- 116.
Friedlander, Henry. The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1995. Ganssmuller, Christian. Die Erbgesundheitspolitik des Dritten Reiches: Planung, Durchfuhrung und Durchsetzung. Koln: Bohlau, 1987.
Geuter, Ulfried. Die Professionalisierung der deutschen Psychologie im Nationalsozialismus. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1988. Grossman, Atina. "New Women in Exile: German Women Doctors and the Emigration." Betwen Sorrow and Strength: Women Refugees of the Nazi Period. ed Sibylle Quack, 215-38. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995. -----. Reforming Sex: The German Movement for Birth Control and Abortion Reform, 1920-1950. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Guggenbichler, Norbert. Zahnmedizin unter dem Hakenkreuz: Zahnarzteopposition vor 1933; NS-Standespolitik, 1933-1939. Frankfurt: Mabuse, 1988.
Harding, Sandra, ed. The `Racial' Economy of Science: Toward a Democratic Future. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1993.
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