%% Revised 6/15/01 (emmas)
%% Revised 6/19/02 (molly)
%% Revised 6/22/02 (sasen + cmihelic)
%% Revised 7/07/02 (molly)
%% Revised 7/17/02 (molly)
%% Revised 06/20/03 (cmihelic)
%% Revised 06/22/03 (edboas)
%% Revised 06/17/04 (paulryu)
%% Revised 06/19/04 (paulryu)
%% Revised 06/21/04 (paulryu)
%% Revised 06/23/05 (semenko)
%% Revised 06/24/06 (dcarr)
%% Revised 06/23/07 (ianr + pizer)
%% Revised 06/24/07 (ianr)
%% Revised 06/18-20/10 (milese with drvitek, jhurwitz, colund)
%% Revised 06/18/11 (milese---mostly updating links)
\documentclass[landscape]{slides}

\usepackage{lscape}
\usepackage{standard-slide-include}
\usepackage{url}

\title{Introduction to Athena}
\author{RSI {\number\year} Staff}
\date{}

\begin{document}

\newbox\tildebox
\setbox\tildebox\hbox{\catcode`~ 11 \texttt{~}}

\def\arg#1{\texttt{<#1>}}

%\message{[Cleared \string\begin{document}.]}

\begin{slide}
    \thispagestyle{empty}
    \maketitle
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
  \begin{small}
    \tableofcontents
  \end{small}
\end{slide}

\addtocounter{slide}{-1}

%\message{[Ready for 'What is Athena, Anyway?']}

\begin{slide}
  \slidetitle{What is Athena, Anyway?}
  \begin{itemize}
      \item MIT's general computing system \\ (E-mail, Internet access, text editing, spreadsheets, etc.)
      \item Workstations
      \item Home directories (2 GB quota)
      \item Printers
      \item Mostly Unix and Linux machines
  \end{itemize}
\end{slide}   

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Athena Rules of Use}
    Don't violate the intended use of Athena.
    Full descriptions of and reasoning for the rules can be found 
    at:

    \texttt{http://ist.mit.edu/services/athena/olh/rules}

    \begin{itemize}
	\setlength{\itemsep}{0.1\itemsep}
	\item Don't let anyone else use your account
	\item Don't impersonate other individuals in communications
	\item Don't attempt to capture or crack passwords
	\item Don't destroy other people's data
	\item Don't use Athena for financial gain
	\item Don't transmit harassing materials (\texttt{stopit@mit.edu})
        \item Don't eat stuff.  Ever.
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Athena Rules of Use --- Continued, Ethics}
    \begin{itemize}
	\item Don't let \textbf{anyone} know your password
	\item Don't violate the privacy of other users
	\item Don't misuse copyrighted material
	\item Don't use Athena to harass anyone in any way
 	\item Don't send SPAM or forward chain letters
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Athena Cluster Manners}
    \begin{itemize}
	\setlength{\itemsep}{0.2\itemsep}
	\item Don't bring food or drink into the cluster
	\item Don't turn off power to equipment
	\item Don't reconfigure the hardware or software
	\item Don't login to multiple workstations at a time
	\item Don't leave your workstation unattended
	\item Don't be loud
	\item Don't be a printer hog --- print only one copy of a document, split large jobs into sections
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
  \slidetitle{Password Security}
  As mentioned above, you must keep your password secure.
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Don't let \textbf{anyone} know your password
  \item No official person, including Athena help (or TAs), will
    ever need your password.  Don't give it to them!
  \item Don't respond to e-mails saying ``Confirm Your MIT
    Account''. They're not real!
  \item Don't let \textbf{anyone} know your password
  \item Choose a password that is secure (e.g., not your name or 123456)
  \item Passwords must have at least 6 characters and have two
    of the following: capital letters, lower case letters,
    numbers, symbols, and punctuation marks.
  \item Don't let \textbf{anyone} know your password, \emph{ever}
  \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{How Do I Find a Workstation?}
    The easiest clusters to find are
    \begin{itemize}    \itemsep 0pt
	\item 2nd Floor, Simmons (Shared with MITES)
	\item \texttt{w20-575} (5th floor of the Student Center)
	\item Rotch basement, \texttt{12-182}, Barker (Along the Infinite)
	\item \texttt{37-318}, \texttt{37-332} (Building 37)
	\item \texttt{56-129}, \texttt{66-080} (Near East Campus)
	\item \texttt{Quickstations} (various places, buildings 16 and 11, etc.)
    \end{itemize}
    To see a full map (or for cluster hopping), use \texttt{cview} or \texttt{xcluster}.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Logging In}
    You only need two things to log in:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item username (e.g., \texttt{jdoe})
	\item password
    \end{itemize}
    Note: you will not see your password on the screen as you type it.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{The Screen Before You}
    The default screen has several notable features:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item GNOME taskbar (the toolbar at the bottom)
        \item GNOME menus (the menu bar on the top)
	\item Terminal window (the big thing on the right)
	%\item Console (upper right)
	\item Logout button (upper right on GNOME menubar)
	\item Command Line / Prompt (in the xterm window, it starts with \texttt{athena\$})
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{Metacity}
%    Metacity is the program that controls the appearance of the screen and 
%    the way the windows function. Some simple manipulations:
%    \begin{itemize}
%	\item Click (with left mouse button) and drag the titlebar to move the window
%	\item Corners and side borders resize
%	\item Three buttons in the top right: \\ Leftmost iconifies \\ Middle maximizes \\ Rightmost closes 
%	\item Top left corner gives you a menu
%    \end{itemize}
%\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{The Shell}
    In Unix systems, the shell is the interface between the user and
    the computer. When you type a command into the shell at the prompt
    and press the ``Return'' key, the computer will do it. For example,
    you run programs from the shell by typing the name of the program.
    Try typing the following commands in your xterm window:
    \begin{verbatim}
	athena$ whoami
	athena$ tellme combo
	athena$ xcalc &
    \end{verbatim}    
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Setting Up Your Account}
    You need to run a short command to configure your Athena account
    for RSI. After typing in the command and pressing enter, read your
    screen to make sure that this process worked. If it didn't, let us
    know. If it did, log out (click your name in the top-right corner
    of the screen) and then log back in.
    \begin{verbatim}
	athena$ setup rsi
    \end{verbatim}    
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Directories}
    Directories are folder that contain other files and folders.

    When you first log in, your shell starts out in a special directory called
    your home directory.  Your home directory is similar to ``My
    Documents.''  All of your files will be stored here.

    The directory that your shell is in at any time is called the ``current directory.''
    If your forget what directory you're in, use the command \texttt{pwd} to find out
    where you are.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Files and their names}
    You can name files almost anything you want with a few restrictions:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item 255-character maximum
	\item Letters, numbers, hyphens, periods, and underscores are
          allowed
	\item Spaces are allowed but try not to use them because file
          names with spaces require special handling on the shell.
	\item All names are CaSe sEnSItiVe
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{The Shell Seven}
%    There are tens of thousands of commands that you can run from the shell.
%    Fortunately though, you only really need a few to get along
%    just fine.

    \begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{ls} - Lists the contents of the current directory
	\item \texttt{cd} - Change directory
	\item \texttt{rm} - Removes (deletes) one or more files or directories
	\item \texttt{mv} - Move/rename a file or directory
	\item \texttt{cp} - Copy a file or directory
	\item \texttt{mkdir} - Create a new directory
	\item \texttt{rmdir} - Remove a directory
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{The Nickel Tour}
%    \texttt{athena\$ cd} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ pwd} \\
%    \texttt{/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/d/c/dcarr} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{The Nickel Tour Continued...}
%    \texttt{athena\$ mkdir a\_dir} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{a\_dir/} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ cd a\_dir} \\
%    \texttt{/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/d/c/dcarr/a\_dir} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{ } \\
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{The Nickel Tour Continued...}
%    \texttt{athena\$ touch a\_file} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{a\_file} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ mv a\_file new\_name} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{new\_name}
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{The Nickel Tour Continued...}
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{new\_name} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ cp new\_name a\_copy} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{a\_copy new\_name} \\
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{The Nickel Tour Continued...}
%    \texttt{athena\$ rm a\_copy} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{new\_name} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ rm new\_name} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls}
%    \texttt{ } \\
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{The Nickel Tour Continued...}
%    \texttt{athena\$ pwd} \\
%    \texttt{/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/d/c/dcarr/a\_dir} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ cd ..} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ pwd} \\
%    \texttt{/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/d/c/dcarr} \\
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{The Nickel Tour... The End}
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{a\_dir} \\
%    \texttt{rmdir a\_dir} \\
%    \texttt{athena\$ ls} \\
%    \texttt{ } \\
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%  \slidetitle{Foo? Bar? FUBAR?}
%  \begin{itemize}
%    \item \texttt{foo} and \texttt{bar} are just names that computer scientists use as placeholders.
%    \item Think of them just like $x$ and $y$ in math.
%    \item Check Wikipedia for the etymology of FUBAR.
%    \end{itemize}
%\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Manipulating Directories}
    \begin{itemize}
	\item To make a new directory: 
	\begin{verbatim} 
	    athena$ mkdir foo
	\end{verbatim}
	\item To remove an empty directory: 
	\begin{verbatim} 
	    athena$ rmdir foo
	\end{verbatim}
	\item To list the contents of the current directory: 
	\begin{verbatim} 
	    athena$ ls  
	\end{verbatim}
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Moving Within Directories}
    The command to change directories is \texttt{cd <directoryname>}.
    Simply typing \texttt{cd} will return you to your home directory.

    Let's say \texttt{stewieG} has the directory \texttt{bar} in his \texttt{foo} directory. 
    \vspace{-0.5in}
    \begin{itemize}
	\setlength{\itemsep}{0.4\itemsep}
	\item Within \texttt{foo}, he could type \\ \verb=athena$ cd bar=
	\item From anywhere, he could type \\ \verb=athena$ cd /mit/stewieG/foo/bar=
        \item \texttt{pwd} prints your current directory. 
    \end{itemize}

    \verb=athena$ pwd= \\ \verb=/afs/athena.mit.edu/user/s/t/stewieG=

    In addition, whenever you're working with files and directories
    that already exist, you can press the TAB key after typing the
    first few characters of the filename and it will add the rest of
    any matching filenames.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Directories Redux}
    The location of a file or directory is specified by its path. In 
    the path, different objects are separated by a forward slash (\texttt{/}).

    Absolute paths start with a forward slash.  Example:

    \texttt{/mit/USER/foo.tex}

    Relative paths do not start with a slash and specify a location
    relative to the current directory.  Example:

    If you are in \texttt{/mit/stewieG},
    then \texttt{Public/foo.tex}
    refers to \texttt{/mit/stewieG/Public/foo.tex}.
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{\leavevmode\copy\tildebox, ., ..}
    If you leave your home directory, you may need to refer to it as the
    starting location of a path. You can do this with a tilde.

    \begin{center} 
    \texttt{\copy\tildebox/foo/bar.tex} \hspace{1cm} is the same as  \hspace{1cm} \texttt{/mit/USER/foo/bar.tex} 
    \end{center}

    Every directory contains two special directories: \texttt{.} and \texttt{..}
    \begin{itemize}
        \item \texttt{.} refers to the current directory
        \item \texttt{..} refers to the directory one level up.
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Makin' Copies}
    The command to copy files is \texttt{cp}. It takes two paths as 
    arguments. There are two main usages:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item Copying one file to a new location with a new name: 
	\begin{verbatim}athena$ cp foo.tex ~/bar/baz.tex \end{verbatim}
	\item Copying files in a directory to another directory:
	\begin{verbatim}athena$ cp * ../foo/ \end{verbatim}
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Movin' on up\ldots}
    The \texttt{mv} command also has two main uses:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item Moving without keeping a copy in the original location: 
	\begin{verbatim}athena$ mv foo.c bar/ \end{verbatim}
	\item Renaming files: \begin{verbatim}athena$ mv foo.c baz.c 
	\end{verbatim}
    \end{itemize}
%    Note: If you move a file into a directory that already contains
%    a file with that name, \texttt{mv} will replace the old file
%    without warning you.  (Or use \texttt{mv -i}.)
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Get It Outta Here!}
    %If you are reaching the end of your quota, or you just have files 
    %you no longer need, you can remove or delete them.
    \begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{rm} is the standard UNIX command. This permanently 
	gets rid of the file and can't be reversed.
	\item Well, almost.  If your file existed overnight, you can
	temporarily find a copy of it under the \texttt{OldFiles}
	subdirectory of your home directory.
    \end{itemize}

\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
  \slidetitle{Your turn}
  \begin{itemize}
      \item Figure out where you are by using the \texttt{pwd} command
      \item List the contents of your current directory using
      \texttt{ls}
      \item List the contents of your \texttt{www} folder using
      \texttt{ls}
      \item Create a new directory called \emph{foo} using \texttt{mkdir}
	\item Change your current directory to the directory \emph{foo}
	using \texttt{cd}
	\item Create a new file called \emph{bar.txt} using the
	\texttt{touch} command
  \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
  \slidetitle{Your turn, continued...}
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Make a  new file, \emph{rsi.txt}, and another directory called \emph{day1}
  \item List the contents of your current directory, then move the file
  \emph{bar.txt} to the \emph{day1} directory with the \texttt{mv} command
  \item Copy the file \emph{rsi.txt} to the \emph{day1} directory using
  \texttt{cp}
  \item Remove the files \emph{rsi.txt} and \emph{bar.txt} from the
  \emph{day1} directory with \texttt{rm}
  \item Remove the \emph{day1} directory
  \item Change your current directory back to your home directory
  \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Public, Private, www and OldFiles}
    There are some special directories that every user has by default:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{Public}: all files in the Public directory are readable by 
	anyone. This is a good way to share data without giving someone else 
	your password.
	\item \texttt{Private}: This is the opposite. Other users can't even get a 
	directory listing of this folder; only you have access.
	\item \texttt{www}: Your web page goes here: \verb+http://www.mit.edu/~USER+
	\item \texttt{OldFiles}: A snapshot of your home directory from yesterday.
	If you accidentally delete something, look here.
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Nautilus: A Graphical Alternative}
Instead of using \texttt{cd} and \texttt{ls} to view your files, you can
use Nautilus, which is a lot like Windows Explorer or the Mac Finder.
Type \texttt{nautilus \&} at the terminal, or click the ``Places'' menu at
the top of the screen.

For quick access to frequently-accessed directories, like MiniPaper, you can
click and drag the folder into the ``Places'' bar in the left-hand panel
of Nautilus.
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{What's the \& for?}
So why are some commands followed by ampersands (\verb+&+)?

When you run a program without \verb+&+, you don't get your prompt
back until the program finishes.  This means that if the program opens
up a new shell, you can't have your prompt back until the program is
finished.  Now suppose you want to check email while your
\texttt{xclock} is open\dots

The ampersand in \verb+xclock &+ causes \texttt{xclock} to run without
stealing your prompt (called ``running in the background''), so other
programs can be run simultaneously.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{I want my prompt back!}
If you accidentally run a program without the \verb=&=, you
can stop it by holding down the \texttt{[Control]} key and pressing
\texttt{z}.  Your shell should say ``Suspended,'' and you will get
your prompt back.  Now type \texttt{bg} at the prompt to restart the
stopped program in the background.

Conversely, if you need to move a backgrounded program to the
foreground, say \texttt{fg} to your prompt.

To kill a program instead of suspending it, use Control-C instead of Control-Z.
\end{slide}

% \begin{slide}
%     \slidetitle{Changing Your Password}
%     You should change your password from time to time, especially if you think
%     someone else might know it:
%     \begin{verbatim}
% 	athena$ passwd
%     \end{verbatim}
%     You will first be prompted for your old password. Then you must enter your 
%     new password twice to ensure that you don't have a typo in your new password.

%     Your new password should be something you can remember, but that others 
%     can't easily guess. Never write down your password or give it to 
%     anyone else. Don't tell anyone your password.
% \end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Renewing Your Tickets}
    For security reasons, if you're logged in continuously for more
    than 10 hours, you will not be able to access your files until
    you type ``renew'' at the prompt and enter your password, like so: 
    \begin{verbatim}
	athena$ renew
	Password for snoop@ATHENA.MIT.EDU:
    \end{verbatim}
    If you are logged in graphically, you will get a warning prompt
    reminding you when it is time to renew your tickets.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Options and Arguments}
	Let's use the \texttt{ls} command to learn about options and arguments.
    \begin{itemize}
        \item \textbf{Options} modify the action of the program.  For example, you can
	use \texttt{ls -a} to view all files (including normally hidden
	ones). \texttt{ls -l} shows a long form of the information.
	\item \textbf{Arguments} tell a program what it should act on.  For \texttt{ls}
	the arguments are the names of the files or directories to
	list.  If no argument is given, the default is the current
	directory.  Example:
	
        \texttt{ls \leavevmode\copy\tildebox/Paper} shows the files in your own \texttt{Paper} directory
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{It Started with a ``C'' \ldots}
    If you want to specify several files at once there are two kinds 
    of ``wildcards'' you can use:
    \begin{itemize}
        \item \texttt{*} matches 0 or more characters.
	Example: \begin{verbatim} athena$ ls P* \end{verbatim}
	\item \texttt{?} matches any one character.
	Example: \begin{verbatim} athena$ ls /mit/rsi/200? \end{verbatim}
	\item These two modifiers can be used together.
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{I Want less!}
    \texttt{less} is a program that displays text files one page at a
    time.
    \begin{verbatim} athena$ less ~/.anyone \end{verbatim}
    \begin{itemize}
	\setlength{\itemsep}{0.4\itemsep}
	\item \texttt{[space]} scrolls forward one screen
	\item \texttt{b} goes back one screen
	\item Arrow keys move text forward or backward line by line
	\item \texttt{q} quits
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{One Page at a Time}
    \texttt{less} can be used to break up the output of other programs 
    into neat, page-sized chunks. Try

    \texttt{ls -al | less}

    to see an example. The pipe operator, \texttt{|}, is used to send
    the output of the command on the left to the command on the right as input.
\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{Quotas}
%    Every user has a file quota of 1 GB. There are two different 
%    ways to check your quota and see how much room you have.
%    \begin{itemize}
%	\item \begin{verbatim}athena$ quota -v \end{verbatim}
%    \end{itemize}
%\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Safer Deletion}
    \begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{delete} is an Athena-ism that is reversible. It's like 
	the trash can or recycling bin on MacOS or Windows, except that
	it is automatically emptied every few days.
	\item \texttt{undelete} retrieves \texttt{delete}d files; just type
	\texttt{undelete \arg{filename}}.
	\item To empty the trash, use \texttt{purge}.
	\item \texttt{lsdel} is like \texttt{ls} but lists deleted files.
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}



\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Printing}
    \begin{itemize}
	\setlength{\itemsep}{0.1\itemsep}
	\item \texttt{lpr} is the basic printing command and has the syntax:
	\begin{verbatim}athena$ lpr foo.ps \end{verbatim}
	\item From a graphical print dialog, print to ``mitprint''
	\item You can pick up your print job at any printer by swiping your card
	%\item You can use the \texttt{-P} option to specify a printer:
	%\vadjust{\vskip\baselineskip}\\
	%\texttt{athena\$ lpr -P\arg{printer name} foo.ps}
	%\item To print double-sided, add 2 to the printer name:
	%\vadjust{\vskip\baselineskip}\\
	%\texttt{athena\$ lpr -P\arg{printer name}2 foo.ps}
	\item To avoid printing the header page, use the option -h
	\item To print PDF files, use the print dialog in % Adobe Acrobat Reader.
	your favorite PDF viewer.
%  You can specify the printer in the
%	  properties dialog (\texttt{-P<printername>})
    \end{itemize}

\textbf{Warning:} \texttt{lpr} prints PostScript files and plain text
correctly.  DO NOT try to print a PDF or DVI or any binary graphics file
using \texttt{lpr}.  Doing so will make the printer spew mountains of
garbage.
\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
  %\slidetitle{Checking Printer Status}
    %\begin{itemize}
	%\item \texttt{lpq -P\arg{printername}} gives you the status of a
        %printer.  It tells you whether the printer is out of paper or
        %otherwise out of order and lists all the jobs waiting to print
        %on it.
	%\item \texttt{lpq} without an argument tells you your default
        %printer and its status.
	%\item \texttt{cview printers} lists the status of all printers
        %in all public clusters.
    %\end{itemize}
%\end{slide}

%\begin{slide}
    %\slidetitle{Removing a Print Job} If there is a problem with a
    %printer, you may need to print on a different printer. When you do
    %this, be sure to remove your original job from the queue by using
    %\texttt{lprm}.

%\begin{itemize}
%\item \verb+lprm -Phelios 492 517+ removes your print jobs on the
%printer \texttt{helios} with job numbers 492 and 517.  (The job numbers
%appear in the output from \texttt{lpq}.)
%\item \verb+lprm -Phelios+ removes your top print job from \verb+helios+
%\item \verb+lprm all+ by itself removes all your print jobs from your
%default printer.
%\end{itemize}

%Remember this command in case you accidentally \texttt{lpr} a DVI or
%other evil binary file.

%\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Emacs}
    \texttt{emacs} is a text editor. It is not a word processor. It is a text 
    editor. It can do just about anything, including making coffee.
    You can run \texttt{emacs} in two ways:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item \begin{verbatim}athena$ emacs foo.tex & \end{verbatim} opens 
	the file \texttt{foo.tex} if it exists and creates \texttt{foo.tex} 
	if it doesn't exist.
	\item \begin{verbatim}athena$ emacs & \end{verbatim}
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Emacs: What you see}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Menu Bars
    \item Buttons
    \item White space
    \item Minibuffer
    \end{itemize}
    You can do a lot of stuff through the menus and with the buttons and
    your mouse, but there are a lot more commands you can access with
    just the keyboard, which, once you get used to, will make using
    emacs much faster.  And, of course, you'll have to use the
    minibuffer whether you use the mouse or the keyboard\dots
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Minibuffer? But I Just Met Her!}
    The minibuffer is the bottom line of the emacs window. It displays 
    commands and messages. It is a source of many helpful things, such 
    as confirmation that your file is saved or a prompt to finish out a
    command. 

    When you are typing emacs commands, you're using the minibuffer.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Emacs Command Syntax}
    A brief description of our syntax:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{C-x} means hold down the \texttt{[Control]} key 
	and press \texttt{x}
	\item \texttt{C-x u} means hold down the \texttt{[Control]} 
	key and press \texttt{x}, then release the \texttt{[Control]} key and 
	hit \texttt{u}
	\item \texttt{C-x C-s} means hold down the 
	\texttt{[Control]} key and press \texttt{x} followed by \texttt{s} 
	before letting go of \texttt{[Control]}
	\item \texttt{M-x} means to hold down the \texttt{[Meta]} (also called the \texttt{[Alt]} key on Linux machines) and press \texttt{x}
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Help!  I'm stuck in a minibuffer!}
Many key combinations have special meanings in \texttt{emacs}, and
it's easy to invoke a weird command by mistake.  When this happens,
don't panic: there are ways out.

If you get stuck in the minibuffer typing to a prompt you don't
recognize, press \texttt{C-g} a few times.  This should get you out of
whatever trouble you were in (you'll see the word ``Quit'' in the
minibuffer).

The \textbf{undo} command in \texttt{emacs} has two key sequences:
\texttt{C-x u} and \texttt{C-\_} (control-underscore).  If you
suddenly delete a bunch of your paper by mistake, using either of
these commands should bring it back.  You can undo several consecutive
actions by using the undo command repeatedly.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Manipulating Files}
\begin{itemize}
\item \texttt{C-x C-f} opens an existing file or creates and opens a
new file.  You will be prompted in the minibuffer for the name of the
file to open.
\item \texttt{C-x C-s} saves the file you are working on.  Use this
often.
\item \texttt{C-x C-c} quits \texttt{emacs}.
\end{itemize}

Oh, and \texttt{C-h t} opens the \texttt{emacs} tutorial file.  It
might be well worth an hour of your time to work through that.
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
	\slidetitle{Manipulating Text}
    \begin{itemize}
	\setlength{\itemsep}{0.5\itemsep}
	\item \texttt{C-w} Cut (``wipe'') 
	\item \texttt{M-w} Copy
	\item \texttt{C-y} pastes (``yanks'') what was most recently cut
              or copied
	\item \texttt{C-k} cuts the line to the right of the cursor
        \item \texttt{M-q} reformats current paragraph
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Search and Replace}
\begin{itemize}
\item To find the next occurrence of a string in your file, press
\texttt{C-s} and begin typing the string.  \texttt{emacs} will search
as you type.  You may press return to leave the search or press
\texttt{C-s} repeatedly to find the second, third, and following
occurrences of the string.
\item \texttt{C-r} is like \texttt{C-s} but searches backwards.
\item To replace all occurrences of \texttt{foo} with \texttt{bar} in
your file, \emph{go to the beginning of the file}, then press \texttt{C-M-\%}.
Yes, thats \texttt{Ctrl-Meta-Shift-5}!! Enter \texttt{foo} and press
return; then enter \texttt{bar} and press return.
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Gedit: Easier than Emacs}
Athena also comes with a graphical text editor called Gedit. You
can access Gedit three ways:
\begin{enumerate}
  \item At the terminal, type \texttt{gedit \&}.
  \item Go to ``Applications'' $\rightarrow$ ``Accessories'' $\rightarrow$
        ``gedit Text Editor.''
  \item In Nautilus, double-click a text file. Gedit is the default text
        editor, so it should open up.
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}



\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Accessing your MIT email}
You have a few options:
\begin{itemize}
%\item Thunderbird Email Client: \texttt{thunderbird}
%\item Pine email client: \texttt{pine}
\item \texttt{http://owa.mit.edu}
\item Forward to another address: \texttt{chpobox -S myaddress@gmail.com}
% -s, which stops sending emails to the MIT address,
% created problems in 2011---students wouldn't receive
% email at all for an hour or so.
\item If you're feeling adventurous, you can check out
some clients like \texttt{thunderbird}
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Lockers, More Than Places To Leave Bodies}
    The place where the files in your account live is called a locker.
    Many groups also have lockers that contain programs or data that you
    might find useful. You can access other lockers using \texttt{add}.

Before running programs in a locker called \arg{lockername}, you need
to say \texttt{add \arg{lockername}}.  For example, after \texttt{add
math} you can use Mathematica by saying
\begin{verbatim}
athena$ mathematica &
\end{verbatim}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Which Locker?}
What if you don't know the name of the locker containing your program?

To see a partial list of programs available on Athena, including the
lockers containing them, see the ``What Runs Where'' page at
\begin{verbatim}
http://web.mit.edu/acs/www/whereruns.html
\end{verbatim}

If you know the name of the program you want, just say
\begin{verbatim}
athena$ whichlocker <programname>
\end{verbatim}
\end{slide}


%\begin{slide}
%    \slidetitle{A Few Useful Programs}
%    \begin{itemize}
%        \item \texttt{gnome-dictionary}: A good graphical dictionary.
%	\item \texttt{webster \arg{word}}: A command line dictionary.
%	\item \texttt{thesaurus \arg{word}}: A command line thesaurus.
%	\item \texttt{date}: Gives you the time and date.  Don't ask it out.
%	\item \texttt{gnumeric \&}: A spreadsheet program (similar to Excel).  In the
%	\texttt{gnumeric} locker.
%%	\item \texttt{xess \&}: Another spreadsheet. Accessible via GNOME
%    	menu or in the \texttt{xess} locker.
%	\item \verb+gcalctool &+: A graphical calculator.
%    \end{itemize}
%\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{A Few Not Altogether Useful Programs}
    \begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{xsnow \&}: When the Cambridge summer becomes unbearable.
	\item \texttt{oneko \&}: A graphical cat chases your mouse
	cursor. Get it?
	\item \texttt{punt program\_name}: Forcibly closes
	\texttt{program\_name}. Use wisely.
%	The rest of this sentence makes no sense? 	%%%
%	, as in if you've decided that
%	you've seen one too many turtles, you can close
%	\texttt{Ctrl-Alt-Del} in Windows.
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
   \slidetitle{Running Firefox} Firefox is the web browser on Athena.
   To run Mozilla Firefox you have three options:
   \begin{enumerate}
     \item Click on the Firefox logo at the top of the GNOME panel.
     \item Type ``\texttt{firefox \&}'' at the \texttt{athena\$} prompt.
     \item Select ``Applications'' $\rightarrow$ ``Internet'' $\rightarrow$ ``Firefox Web Browser.''
   \end{enumerate}
   If met with a harrassment window about lock files, select
     ``Delete lock file and proceed'' and proceed.
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
   \slidetitle{RSI Homepage}
   \begin{itemize}
     \item Go to the RSI homepage: \texttt{http://web.mit.edu/rsi/www/}
     \item Look at the calendar and important announcements on the homepage.
           Also, browse the links on the left-hand side.
     \item You might want to bookmark this page (``Bookmarks'' $\rightarrow$
           ``Bookmark This Page'' $\rightarrow$ ``Folder: Bookmarks Toolbar'')
	   or set it as your homepage (``Edit'' $\rightarrow$ ``Preferences''
	   $\rightarrow$ ``General'' $\rightarrow$ ``Use Current Pages'').
     \item Try going to ``Contact'' $\rightarrow$ ``Staff.'' We don't want
           to publicize contact information, so we've protected this page
	   using MIT certificates.
   \end{itemize}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
   \slidetitle{MIT Certificates}
   A certificate is a secure way for a website to verify that you're
   actually the person you claim to be. MIT uses certificates to verify
   that you're a member of the MIT community. To obtain a certificate:
   \begin{itemize}
     \item Go to \texttt{https://ca.mit.edu/} and type in your username and password.
     \item To find your MIT ID number, type \texttt{stanley \$USER} in
           the terminal and look at the right column.
     \item Accept the default settings and click ``next.'' You may have to
           restart Firefox.
   \end{itemize}
   Then to view a website that requires certificates, navigate to the website
   and click ``OK'' at the prompt. Note: this certificate will follow you
   to all Athena computers, as long as you continue to use Firefox.
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Zephyr}

    Zephyr is an instant messaging system for Athena that is vaguely
    analogous to AIM and ICQ but better. It's very flexible and kills
    time like nothing else in this world. A few points of etiquette:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item Don't be annoying
	\item Don't spam large groups
	\item Don't send huge zephyrs (use line breaks!)
	\item Don't abuse the system
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Personal Zephyrs}
    \begin{itemize}
    \item To send someone a personal zephyr, simply type:
    \begin{verbatim}
	athena$ zwrite username
    \end{verbatim}
    \item Write your message, and then type \texttt{C-d} or a period on a
    line by itself to send the message.

    \item You can write to several people at once:
    \begin{verbatim}athena$ zwrite -C username1 username2 username3\end{verbatim}

    \item \texttt{barnowl} is a convenient Zephyr client that organizes many Zephyrs
\end{itemize}
    \end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Is There Anybody Out There?}
\begin{itemize}
\item
    The command
	\verb+znol -l+
    will list the people who are now logged in and the machines they
	are on.
\item If you omit the option \texttt{-l}, you will thereafter receive
a zephyr notifying you each time someone logs in or out.
\item You can also say
	\verb+xzul &+
to open a window that maintains a list of who is online.  Click and
hold the mouse over a username to see that person's location.
\item If you are looking for one specific user, say
	\verb+zlocate joeuser+ instead of \verb+znol -l+.
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{RSI Zephyr Classes}
    RSI has two zephyr classes to which you can subscribe and write.
    \begin{itemize}

	\item \texttt{rsi-talk} is a social zephyr class. Anything can be 
	discussed here, but please remember that more than 100 people
    may be reading what you write. \texttt{zrsion} turns it on, \\
     \texttt{zrsioff} turns 
	it off, \texttt{zrsi} sends a message to the class.

	\item \texttt{rsi-help} is a class for asking questions on any topic 
	from math to Athena to chemistry to writing styles. Please
    make your queries as specific and thorough as possible; don't just
    say, ``Help! It doesn't work!'' RSI alumni from many years past
    will be listening to answer your questions.\\
      \texttt{zrsihelp}
        sends to this class.  \texttt{zrsihelpon} turns it on,
        \texttt{zrsihelpoff} turns it off.

    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Don't Be Overwhelmed}
    A few more comments to make your zephyr-life happier:
\begin{itemize}    
    \item You can get rid of a bunch of zephyrs at once by holding down
    the \texttt{[Control]} key and clicking on the stack of zephyrs.
    \item If you want to click on a zephyr window without having
    it close, hold down the \texttt{[Alt]} key.
    \item To copy something from a zephyr, hold down the \texttt{[Shift]}
    key and highlight the text you want.
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}
\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{More On Not Being Overwhelmed}
\begin{itemize}
    \item If you accidentally do \texttt{znol} without the \texttt{-l}
    option and all of the logging in/logging out messages are annoying
    you, \texttt{znol off} will stop them.
    \item You can also always do \texttt{zrsioff} and
    \texttt{zrsihelpoff} if you want to stop getting those messages.
    \item If someone is bothering you and you want to stop getting
    messages from them, you can use \texttt{zpuntuser}.  To start
    getting messages from them again, use \texttt{zunpuntsuer}.
\end{itemize} 
\end{slide}



\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Information Resources}
To find articles on your research topic, check out:
\begin{enumerate}
\item MIT libraries (\texttt{libraries.mit.edu}): Engineering Library
  in Barker, Science Library in Hayden
  
\item Journal Article Databases: \texttt{vera.mit.edu}
% \begin{enumerate}
%   \item Web of Science (general)
%   \item Compendex/Inspec (EECS, math,  physics, general science)
%   \item SciFinder Scholar (chemistry, medical)
%   \item Medline (medical)
%  \end{enumerate}
%\item ProQuest: \texttt{http://libraries.mit.edu/get/proquest}
\item JStor: \texttt{http://www.jstor.org/}
\item Google Scholar
\item Individual journal web pages
%\item Lexis Nexis: \texttt{http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe}
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Workstation Security}
%this is important!
    Security is an important aspect of the Athena system. The easiest
    way for an intruder to break into the system is by getting a
    password or using an unattended workstation. There is an easy way
    to secure your terminal:
    \begin{itemize}
	\item \texttt{xlock}
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Logging Out} Once you're finished using your
    workstation, log out using the \texttt{logout} command or clicking
    on the logout button. If the command tells you that there are
    suspended jobs, bring them to the foreground using \texttt{fg} as we
    talked about earlier. Close them and \texttt{logout} again.
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Accessing your account from off campus}
Several options:
\begin{enumerate}
\item \texttt{ssh username@athena.dialup.mit.edu}
\item \texttt{ssh -Y username@x.dialup.mit.edu} (might not work with Windows)
\item \texttt{http://athena.dialup.mit.edu}
\item e-mail only: \texttt{http://owa.mit.edu}
\end{enumerate}
\end{slide}

\begin{slide}
\slidetitle{Laptop Configuration}
\textbf{We DO NOT officially support laptop use at RSI} \\
Windows:
\begin{itemize}
\item Download SecureCRT and X-Win32 from MIT \\(\texttt{http://web.mit.edu/software})
\item Start XWin-32 and connect to \texttt{x.dialup.mit.edu} with SecureCRT
\end{itemize}
OS X:
\begin{itemize}
\item Install X11 from the OSX CD
\item \texttt{ssh -Y username@x.dialup.mit.edu}
\end{itemize}
\end{slide}


\begin{slide}
    \slidetitle{Getting Help}
    \begin{itemize}
	\item Online Help has some information at 
	\texttt{http://web.mit.edu/olh/}
	\item There is a good FAQ/Stock Answers site at\\ 
	\texttt{http://web.mit.edu/answers/}
	\item Reference Manual entries are available for most commands. To 
	get more information about a command type

        \texttt{athena\$ man \arg{command}}
        \item The RSI FAQ is on the RSI web page at

        \texttt{http://web.mit.edu/rsi/www/\the\year/faq}

	You may also find the ``Tech Help'' pages useful.
%show stuff on the website (schedule, browse through faq, etc.)
	\item \texttt{zrsihelp} is also available to answer your
	questions.  Once again, please be specific.  
%That means not
	%``HELP! My computer doesn't work!'' or ``My turtles are
	%missing!'' We don't know what happened to your tasty turtles.
    \end{itemize}
\end{slide}



\end{document}

