@conference{davida_iris,
 author		=	{G. I. Davida and Y. Frankel and B. Matt},
 title		=	{On Enabling Secure Applications Through Off-line Biometric},
 booktitle	=	{Symposium on Security and Privacy},
 year 		= 	{1998},
 institution	=	{IEEE}
 }
 
 @conference{juels_fuzzy_vault,
 author		=		{A. Juels and M. Sudan },
 title		=		{A Fuzzy Vault Scheme},
 booktitle	=		{Conference on Computer and Communications Security},
 year		=		{2002 },
 institution	=		{ ACM}
 }
 
 @conference{juels_fuzzy_commitment,
 author			=	{ A. Juels and M. Wattenberg},
 title			=	{A fuzzy commitment scheme},
 booktitle		=	{Sixth ACM Conference on Computer and Communication Security},
 pages			=	{28--36},
 year			=	{1999},
 publisher		=	{ACM Press}
 }
 
@conference{alan_security,
 author			=	{T. Y. Jea and V. S. Chavan and Venu Govindaraju and John K. Schneider},
 title			=	{Security and matching of partial fingerprint recognition systems},
 booktitle		=	{SPIE Defense and Security Symposium},
 year			=	{2004}
 }
 
 @conference{soutar_encryption,
 author			=	{C. Soutar and D. Roberge and A. Stoinav and A. Gilroy and B. V. K. Kumar},
 title			=	{Biometric Encryption Using Image Processing},
 booktitle		=	{SPIE },
 year			=	{1998},
 volume			=	{3314	},
 pages			=	{174--188}
 }
 
 @conference{monrose_keystroke,
 author		=		{F. Monrose and M. K. Reiter and S. Wetsel},
 title		=		{Password Hardening Based on Key Stroke Dynamics},
 booktitle	=		{Conference on Computer and Communications Security},
 year		=		{1999 },
 institution	=		{ ACM}
 }
 
 @conference{monrose_voice,
 author			=		{F. Monrose and M. K. Reiter and Q.Li and S. Wetsel},
 title			=		{Cryptographic Key Generation From Voice},
 booktitle		=		{Symposium On Security and Privacy},
 year			=		{2001 },
 institution		=		{ IEEE }
 }
 
@conference{goh_face,
 author			=		{A. Goh and D. L. Ngo},
 title			=		{Computation of Cyrptographic Keys from Face Biometrics},
 booktitle		=		{IFIP},
 year			=		{2003 },
 }
 
@conference{dodis_fuzzy_extractor,
 author			=		{Y. Dodis and L. Reyzin and A. Smith},
 title			=		{Fuzzy Extractors: How to Generate Strong Keys from Biometrics and Other Noisy Data},
 booktitle		=		{Eurocrypt},
 year			=		{2004 },
 }

@misc{bodo_patent,
author			=		{ Bodo},
title			=		{ Method for Producing a Digital Signature with Aid of Biometric Feature},
note			=		{ German Patent}
}

@article{kirby_face,
author			=		{M.Kirby and L. Sirovich},
title			=		{Application of Karhunen-Loeve Procedure for Characterization of Human Faces},
journal			=		{Transactions on PAMI},
institution		=		{IEEE},
year			=		{1990},
volume			=		{12},
number			=		{1},
pages			=		{103--108}
}

@article{ratha_privacy,
author			=			{N. K. Ratha and J. H. Connell and R. Bolle},
title			=			{Enhancing Security and Privacy in Biometrics-Based Authentication System},
journal			=			{IBM Systems Journal},
volume			=			{40},
number			=			{3},
pages			=			{614--634},
year			=			{2001}
}

@article{turk_pentland_face,
author			=			{M. Turk and A.Pentland},
title			=			{Eigen Faces for Recognition},
journal			=			{Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience},
volume			=			{3},
number			=			{1},
year			=			{1991}
}

@article{wiskott_face,
author		=			{L. Wiskott and J. M. Fellous and C. Malsburg},
title		=			{Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching},
journal		=			{Transactions on PAMI},
institution	=			{IEEE},
volume		=			{19},
number		=			{7},
pages		=			{775--779},
year		=			{1996}
}

@conference{jain_fingerprints_face,
author		=			{A. K. Jain A. K. and L. Hong and  Y. Kulkarni},
title		=			{A Multimodal Biometric System using Fingerprints, Face and Speech},
booktitle	=			{2nd International Conference on Audio and Video based Biometric Person Authentication},
pages		=			{182-187},
year		=			{1999}
}
 
@article{uludag_biometric_crypto,
author			=			{U. Uludag and S. Pankanti and S. Prabhakar and A. K. Jain},
title			=			{Biometric Cryptosystems: Issues and Challenges},
journal			=			{Proceedings of the IEEE},
volume			=			{92},
number			=			{6},
year			=			{2004}
}

@article{jain_introduction,
author			=			{A. K. Jain and A. Ross and S. Prabhakar},
title			=			{An Introduction to Biometric Recognition},
journal			=			{Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology},
volume			=			{14},
number			=			{1},
year			=			{2004}
}

@article{lumidigm,
author		=			{K. A. Nixon and R. K. Rowe and J. Allen and S. Corcoran and L. Fang and D. Gabel and D. Gonzales
					 and R. Harbour and S. Love and R. McCaskill and B. Ostrom and D. Sidlauskas and K. Unruh },
title		=			{Novel Spectroscopy-based technology for biometric and liveness verification},
journal		=			{Proceeding of SPIE},
volume		=			{5404}
}

@conference{jain_hg,
author		=			{A. K. Jain and A. Ross and S. Pankanti},
title		=			{A Prototype Hand Geometry-based Verification System},
booktitle	=			{AVBPA},
pages		=			{166--171},
year		=			{1999}
}

@conference{jain_duta_hg,
author			=			{A. K. Jain and N. Duta},
title			=			{Deformable matching of hand shapes for verification},
booktitle		=			{International Conference on Image Processing},
year			=			{1999}
}

@article{sanchez_hg,
author			=			{R. S. Reillo and C. S. Avila and A. G. Marcos},
title				=		  {Biometric Identification through Hand Geometry Measurements},
journal			=			{Transactions on PAMI},
institution		=			{IEEE},
volume			=			{22},
number			=			{10},
year			=			{2000}
}

@conference{wong_hg,
author			=			{L. Wong and P. Shi},
title			=			{Peg-Free Hand Geometry Recognition Using Hierarchical Geometry and Shape Matching},
booktitle		=			{IAPR Workshop on Machine Vision Applications},
year			=			{2002},
pages			=			{281--284}
}

@conference{sunysb_hg,
author			=			{Y. Bulatov and S. Jambawalikar and P. Kumar and S. Sethia},
title			=			{Hand Recognition using Geometric Classifiers},
booktitle		=			{First International Conference on Biometric Authentication,ICBA},
year			=			{2004}
}

@conference{oden_hg,
author			=			{Cenker Oden and Aytul Ercil and Burak Buke},
title			=			{Combining implicit polynomials and geometric features for hand recognition},
pages			=			{2145-- 2152},
booktitle		=			{AVBPA}
}



@conference{venu_contour,
title			=			{Feature Extraction Using a Chaincoded Representation of Fingerprint Images},
author			=			{V. Govindaraju and Z. Shi and J. Schneider},
booktitle		=			{AVBPA},
year			=			{2003}
}

@conference{sharat_biocrypto,
title			=			{A study on the convergence of biometrics and cryptography},
author			=			{S. Chikkerur and V. Chavan and V. Govindaraju},
booktitle		=			{Workshop on Secure Knowledge Management,Buffalo},
year			=			{2004}
}

@article{daugman_iris,
title			=			{High confidence visual recognition of persons by a test of statistical independence},
author			=			{J. G. Daugman},
journal			=			{Transactions on PAMI},
institution		=			{IEEE},
volume			=			{15},
number			=			{11},
pages			=			{1148--1161},
year			=			{1993}
}

@article{ross_fusion,
author			=			{A. Ross and A. K. Jain},
title			=			{Information Fusion in Biometrics},
journal			=			{Pattern Recognition Letters},
volume			=			{24},
pages			=			{2115--2125},
year			=			{2003}
}

@conference{jain_softbiometrics,
author			=			{A. K. Jain and S. C. Dass and K. Nandakumar},
title			=			{Can soft biometric traits assist user recognition?},
booktitle		=			{First international conference on Biometric Authentication},
pages			=			{561--572},
year			=			{2004}
}

@inproceedings{taxeria_accent,
author			=			{C. Taxeria and I. Trancosos and A. Serralheiro},
title			=			{Accent Identification},
booktitle		=			{ICSLP},
volume			=			{3},
pages			=			{1784--1787},
year			=			{1996}
}

@techreport{pavan_hg,
author		=			{Pavan Rudravaram},
title		=			{Prototype pegless hand geometry verification},
institution	=			{Center for Unified Biometrics and Sensors, University at Buffalo},
year		=			{2004}
}

@mastersthesis{palla_signature,
author			=	{Hansheng Lei and Srinivasa Palla},
title			=	{Search space reduction by binning and pruning in context of biometrics},
school			=	{Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University at Buffalo},
year			=	{2004}
}

@book{bolle_guide,
author			=	{Ruud Bolle and J. H. Connell and S. Pankanti and N. K. Ratha and A. W. Senior},
title			=	{Guide to Biometrics},
publisher		=	{Springer Verlag},
year			=	{2003}
}

@conference{jain_soft,
title				=	{Soft Biometric Traits for Personal Identification},
author				=	{A. K. Jain and S.Dass and K.Nandakumar},
booktitle			=	{SPIE Symposium on Defence and Security},
year				=	{2003}
}

@conference{clancy_smartcard,
author		=	{T. Clancy and D. Lin and N. Kiyavash},
title		=	{Secure smartcard based fingerprint authentication},
booktitle	=	{ACM Workshop on Biometric Methods and Application(WMBA)},
year		=	{2003}
}

@inproceedings{uludag_fuzzy_vault,
author		=	{U. Uludag and A. K. Jain},
title		=	{A Fuzzy Fingerprint Vault},
booktitle	=	{Workshop: Biometrics: Challenges arising from theory to practice},
pages		=	{13--16},
year		=	{2004}
}

@misc{hspd12,
title		=	{Homeland Security Presidential Directive/Hspd-12 (http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2004/08/20040827-8.html)}
}

@misc{fpvte,
title		=	{NIST Fingerprint Vendor Technology Evaluation (http://fpvte.nist.gov/)}
}

@misc{frvt,
title		=	{Face Recognition Vendor Test (http://www.frvt.org/)}
}



@misc{bioapi,
title		=	{BioAPI Consortium (http://www.bioapi.org/)}
}

@misc{cbeff,
title		=	{Common Biometric Exchange File Format (http://www.itl.nist.gov/div895/isis/bc/cbeff/)}
}

@article{schneier_risks,
author		=	{B. Schneier},
title		=	{Inside Risks: The Uses and Abuses of Biometrics},
journal		=	{Communications of the ACM},
volume		=	{42},
pages		=	{136},
year		=	{1999}
}


@book{woodard,
author		=	{J. Woodard and Orlans and Higgings},
title		=	{Biometrics: Identity Assurance in the Information Age},
publisher	=	{McGraw Hill},
year		=	{2003}
}

@misc{ftc,
title		=	{(Federal Trade Commission),http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/credit/cards.htm}
}

@misc{mit_tr_attack,
title		=	{MIT Technology Review (http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/05/01/wo/wo\_garfinkel011805.asp?trk=top)}
}

@conference{venu_face,
author		=	{V. Govindaraju  and M. Rajapakse},
title		=	{Face Verification in Cluttered Photograph},
booktitle	=	{International Systems, Man, and Cybernetics Conference, Orlando},
year		=	{1997}
}

@conference{hansheng_cit,
author		=	{Hansheng Lei and Venu Govindaraju},
title		=	{Regression Time Warping for Similarity Measure of Sequence},
booktitle	=	{CIT},
year		=	{2004},
pages		=	{826--830}
}

@conference{hansheng_sspr,
author		=	{Hansheng Lei and Venu Govindaraju},
title		=	{A Study on the Consistency of Features for On-Line Signature Verification},
booktitle	=	{SSPR/SPR},
volume		=	{444},
year		=	{2004}
}

@conference{hansheng_web,
author		=	{Hansheng Lei and Venu Govindaraju},
title		=	{Matching and Retrieving Sequential Patterns Under Regression},
booktitle	=	{Web Intelligence},
year		=	{2004},
pages		=	{84--90}
}

@conference{hansheng_iwfhr04,
author		=	{Hansheng Lei and Srinivas Palla and Venu Govindaraju},
title		=	{ER˛: An Intuitive Similarity Measure for On-Line Signature Verification},
booktitle	=	{IWFHR},
year		=	{2004}
}

@conference{amit_db,
author		=	{Amit Mhatre and Srinivasa Palla and Sharat Chikkerur and Venu Govindaraju},
title		=	{Efficient Search and Retrieval in Biometric Databases},
booktitle	=	{SPIE Defence and Security Symposium},
year		=	{2005}
}

@conference{sergey_hash,
title		=	{Symmetric Hash Functions for Fingerprint Minutiae},
author		=	{Sergei Tulyakov and Viraj Chavan and Venu Govindaraju},
booktitle	=	{Biometrics Consortium Conference},
month		=	{September},
year		=	{2004}
}

@misc{aleix_db,
title		=	{Purdue Aleix Face database (http://rvl1.ecn.purdue.edu/~aleix/aleix\_face\_DB.html)},
}

@misc{att_db,
title		=	{AT&T Cambridge face database( http://www.uk.research.att.com/facedatabase.html)},
}

@misc{feret_db,
title		=	{FERET (http://www.frvt.org/FERET/default.htm)},
}

@misc{timit_db,
title		=	{TIMIT(Lingustic Data Consortium ,http://www.ldc.upenn.edu/Catalog/}
}

@misc{svc,
title		=	{Signature Verification Competition,(www.cs.ust.hk/svc2004/)}
}

@article{ratha_band_aids,
author	=	{Nalini K. Ratha and Jonathan H. Connell and Ruud M. Bolle},
title		=	{Biometrics break-ins and band-aids},
journal	=	{Pattern Recognition Letters},
volume	=	{24},
issue		=	{13},
pages		=	{2105--2113},
year		=	{2003}
}

@article{jain_security,
author	=	{S. Prabhakar and S. Pankanti and A. K. Jain},
title		=	{Biometric Recognition: Security and Privacy Concerns},
journal	=	{IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine},
volume	=	{1},
number	=	{2},
pages		=	{33--42},
year		=	{2003}
}

@book{cole_junk,
author		=	{Simon A. Cole},
title			=	{Suspect Identities, A history of fingerprinting and criminal identification},
publisher	=	{Harvard University Press},
year			=	{2002}
}

@article{starrs_junk,
author		=	{James Starrs},
title			=	{Scientific Sleuthing Review},
volume		=	{20},
number		=	{4},
year			=	{1996}
}

@article{srihari_nij,
title			=	{Individuality of Handwriting},
author		=	{S. N. Srihari and S.H. Cha and H. Arora and S. Lee},
journal		=	{Journal of Forensic Sciences},
volume		=	{47},
number		=	{4},
month			=	{July},
year			=	{2002},
pages			=	{1--17},
url				=	{http://www.cedar.buffalo.edu/NIJ/publications.html}
}




@article{tee_palmhashing,
author	=	{Tee Connie and Andrew Teoh Beng Jin and Michael Goh Kah Ong and David Ngo Chek Ling},
title		=	{PalmHashing: a novel approach for cancelable biometrics},
journal	=	{Information Processing Letters},
volume	=	{93},
issue		=	{1},
pages		=	{1--5},
year		=	{2005}
}

@conference{savvides_cancelable,
author		=	{Marios Savvides and B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar and Pradeep K. Khosla},
title			=	{Cancelable Biometric Filters for Face Recognition},
booktitle	=	{International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
year			=	{2004},
pages			=	{922--925}
}

@conference{linnartz_shielding,
author		=	{J.P. Linnartz and P. Tuyls},
title			=	{New Shielding Functions to Enhance Privacy and Prevent Misuse of Biometric Templates},
booktitle	=	{AVBPA},
year			=	{2003}
}

@conference{tuyls_capacity,
author		=	{P. Tuyls and Jasper Goseling},
title			=	{Capacity and Examples of Template Protecting Biometric Authentication Systems},
booktitle	=	{BioAW2004, Praag}
}


@misc{cancelable_patent,
author		=	{R. Bolle and J. H. Connell and N. K. Ratha},
title			=	{System and method for distorting a biometric for transactions with enhanced security and privacy},
note			=	{United States Patent 6,836,554},
year			=	{2004}
}



@book{maltoni_handbook,
 author		=	{D. Maio and D. Maltoni and A. K. Jain and S. Prabhakar},
 title		=	{Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition},
 publisher	=	{Springer Verlag},
 year		=	{2003}
 }
 
 
 @conference{baze_correlation,
 author		=	{A. M. Baze and G. T. B Verwaaijen and S. H. Garez and L. P. J. Veelunturf and B. J. van der Zwaag},
 title		=	{A correlation-based fingerprint verification system},
 booktitle	=	{ProRISC2000 Workshops on Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing},
 month		= 	{Nov},
 year 		= 	{2000}
  }
 
 @conference{ross_featurespace,
 author		=	{Arun Ross and James Reisman and Anil Jain},
 title		=	{Fingerprint Matching using Feature Space Correlation},
 book		= 	{Post-ECCV Workshop on Biometric Authentication},
 year		=	{2002},
 file		=	{papers/fp/matching/RossCorrelation_ECCV02.pdf}
 }
 
 @article{bvk_correlation,
 journal	=	{Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
 title		=	{Fingerprint Verification Using Correlation Filters},
 author		=	{Kritika Venkataramani and B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar},
 volume		=	{2668},
 pages		=	{886-894},
 year		=	{2003},
 month		=	{August},
 publisher	=	{Springer Verlag}
  }
  
  @conference{soutar_correlation,
  booktitle		= 	{Optical Pattern Recognition IX},
  title			=	{High-speed fingerprint verification using an optical correlator},
  volume		=	{3386},
  year			=	{1998},
  pages			=	{123--133},
  author		=	{Danny Rodberg and Colin Soutar and B. V. K. Viajaya Kumar},
  institution		=	{SPIE}
  }
  
  @conference{jain_filterbank,
  booktitle		=	{Transactions on Image Processing},
  author		=	{Anil Jain and Salil Prabhakar and Lin Hong and Sharath Pankanti},
  title			=	{Filterbank-based fingerprint matching},
  institution		=	{IEEE},
  volume		=	{9},
  number		=	{5},
  pages			=	{846--859},
  year			=	{2000},
  month			=	{May}
  }
  
  @conference{jain_texture,
  booktitle		=	{International Conference on Image Processing},
  author		=	{Anil Jain and Arun Ross and Salil Prabhakar},
  title			=	{Fingerprint Matching Using Minutiae Texture Features},
  pages			=	{282-285},
  year			=	{2001},
  month			=	{october},
  file			=	{papers/fp/matching/RossMinTexture_ICIP01.pdf}
  }
  
  @conference{prabhakar_lvq,
  author		=	{Salil Prabhakar and Anil Jain and Sharath Pankanti},
  title			=	{Learning Fingerprint Minutiae Location and Type},
  journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
  olume			=	{36},
  number		=	{8},
  pages			=	{1847--1857},
  year			=	{2003},
  file			= 	{papers/fp/minutiae_filtering/prabhakar_PR3465.pdf}
  }
  
  @article{hong_enhancement,
  author		=	{ L. Hong and Y. Wang and A. K. Jain},
  title			=	{Fingerprint Image Enhancement: Algorithm and Performance Evaluation},
  journal		=	{ Transactions on PAMI},
  institution		=	{IEEE},
  volume		=	{21},
  number		=	{4},
  pages			=	{777--789},
  year			=	{1998},
  month			=	{August}
  }
  
  @article{maio_grayscale,
  author		=	{ D. Maio and D. Maltoni},
  title			=	{ Direct Gray Scale Minutia Detection in Fingerprints },
  journal		=	{ Transactions on PAMI},
  institution		=	{ IEEE },
  volume		=	{ 19 },
  number		=	{1},
  year			=	{1997}
  }
  
  @conference{prabhakar_minutiae_verification,
  author		=	{Salil Prabhakar and Anil Jain and J. Wang and Sharath Pankanti and Ruud Bolle},
  title			=	{Minutiae Verification and Classification for Fingerprint Matching},
  booktitle		=	{International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
  volume		=	{1},
  pages			=	{25--29},
  year			=	{2000}
  }
  
  @inbook{xiao_raafat,
  author		=	{ Q. Xiao and H. Raafat},
  booktitle		=	{ Pattern Recognition: Architectures, Algorithms and Applications },
  title			=	{Combining Statistical and Structural Information for Fingerprint Image Processing Classification and Identification},
  pages			=	{335-354},
  publisher		=	{World Scientific, NJ},
  year			=	{1991}
  }
  
  @article{hung_feature_purification,
  author		=	{D. C. Hung},
  title			=	{Enhancement and Feature Purification of Fingerprint Images},
  journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
  volume		=	{26},
  number		=	{11},
  pages			=	{1661--1671},
  year			=	{1993}
  }
  
  @conference{maio_neural_network,
  author		=	{ D. Maio and D. Maltoni},
  title			=	{ Neural Network based Minutiae Filtering in Fingerprint Images},
  booktitle		=	{ 14th International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
  pages			=	{ 1654-1658},
  year			=	{ 1998	}
  };
  
  @conference{cappelli_sfinge,
  author		=	{R. Cappelli, D. Maio, D. Maltoni},
  title			=	{Synthetic Fingerprint-Image Generation},
  booktitle		=	{International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
  year			=	{2000}
  }
  
  @conference{sharat_enhancement,
  author		=	"S. Chikkerur and C. Wu and V. Govindaraju",
  title 		=	{A Systematic Approach for Feature Extraction in Fingerprint Images},
  booktitle		=	{International Conference on Biometric Authentication},
  year			=	{2004}
  }
  
  @conference{pankanti_quality,
  author	=	{S. Pankanti and N. Haas and N. K. Ratha and R. Bolle},
  title		=	{Quantifying Quality: A Case Study in Fingerprints},
  booktitle	=	{IEEE Conference on AutoID},
  year		=	{2002}
  }
  
  @conference{chenyu_crease,
  author	=	{C. Wu and J. Zhou and Z. Bian and G. Rong},
  title		=	{Robust Crease Detection in Fingerprint Images},
  booktitle	=	{Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
  year		=	{2003}
  }
  
  
  @article{bhanu_indexing,
  author		=	{Bir Bhanu and Xuejun Tan},
  title			=	{Fingerprint Indexing Based on Novel Features of Minutiae Triplets},
  journal 		=	{Transactions on PAMI},
  institution		=	{IEEE},
  year			=	{2003},
  month			=	{May},
  volume		=	{25},
  number		=	{5}
  }
  
 @conference{bhowmick_score,
 author			=	{P. Bhowmick and A. Bhisnu and B. Bhattacharya and M. K. Kundu and C. A. Murthy},
 title			=	{Determination of Minutiae Scores for Fingerprint Image Applications},
 booktitle		=	{Indian Conference on Computer Vision and Image Processing},
 year			=	{2002}
 }
 
 @article{ratha_adaptive,
 author			=		{N. Ratha and S. Chen and A. K. Jain},
 title			=		{Adaptive Flow Orientation Based Feature Extraction in Fingerprint Images},
 journal		=		{Pattern Recognition},
 volume			=		{28},
 pages			=		{1657--1672},
 year			=		{1995},
 url			=		{papers/fingerprints/featureExtraction/AdaptiveFlowRatha.pdf}
 }
 
 @article{turning_rd,
 author			=		{A. M. Turing},
 title			=		{The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis},
 journal		=		{Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society},
 pages			=		{37--72},
 year			=		{1952}
 } 
 
 @book{murray_biology,
 author			=		{J. D. Murray},
 title			=		{Mathematical Biology},
 publisher		=		{Springer Verlag},
 year			=		{1993}
 }
 
 @article{pattichis_classification,
 author			=		{M. S. Pattichis and G. Panayi, A. C. Bovik and S. P. Hsu},
 title			=		{Fingerprint Classification Using an AM-FM Model},
 journal		=		{Transactions on Image Processing},
 volume			=		{10},
 number			=		{6},
 year			=		{2001},
 institution		=		{IEEE}
 }
 
 @inbook{pattichis_detection,
 author			=		{M. S. Pattichis and A. C. Bovik},
 chapter		=		{Latent Fingerprint Analysis Using an AM-FM Model},
 title			=		{Automatic Fingerprint Recognition Systems},
 publisher		=		{Springer Verlag},
 year			=		{2003},
 pages			=		{317-338},
 notes			=		{Invited Chapter}
 }
 
 @inproceedings{sherlock_filtering,
 author			=		{B.G.Sherlock and  D.M.Monro and  K.Millard},
 title			=		{Fingerprint Enhancement by directional Fourier Filtering},
 booktitle		=		{Visual Image Signal Processing},
 institution		=		{IEEE},
 volume			=		{141},
 number			=		{2},
 pages			=		{87--94},
 year			=		{1994}
 }
 `
@inproceedings{hong_online_verification,
	author		=		{A. Jain and  L. Hong and R. Bolle},
	title		=		{On-line Fingerprint Verification},
	booktitle	=		{Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
	volume		=		{19},
	number		=		{4},
	pages		=		{302--313},
	year		=		{1997}
}

@conference{hong_filterbank,
	author		=	{L. Hong and A. K. Jain and S. Pankanti and R. Bolle},
	title			=	{Fingerprint Enhancement},
	booktitle = {IEEE WACV},
	pages			= {202-207},
	year		  = {1996}
}

@article{kawagoe_tojo,
author	 =  {Kawagoe and Tojo},
title			=	{Fingerprint Pattern Classification},
journal			=	{Pattern Recogntion},
volume			=	{17},
number			=	{3},
pages			=	{295--303},
year			=	{1987}
}

@article{gormann_filter_design,
author				=	{L. O'Gormann and J.V.Nickerson},
title				=	{An Approach to Fingerprint Filter Design},
journal				=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume				=	{22},
number				=	{1},
pages				=	{29--38},
year				=	{1989}
}

@article{watson_fft,
author				=	{C. I. Watson and G. T. Candela and P. J. Grother},
title				=	{Comparison of FFT Fingerprint Filtering Methods for Neural Network Classification},
journal				=	{NISTIR},
volume				=	{5493},
institution			=	{National Institute of Standards and Technology},
year				=	{1994}
}

@conference{govindaraju_chain_code,
author			=	{V. Govindaraju V. and  Z. Shi and J. Schneider},
title			=	{Feature Extraction Using a Chaincoded Contour Representation},
booktitle		=	{International Conference on Audio and Video Based Biometric Person Authentication},
year			=	{2003}
}

@misc{fvc_2002,
title			=	{Fingerprint Verification Competition},
note			=	{http://bias.csr.unibo.it/fvc2002/}
}

@article{pankanti_individuality,
author		=	{S. Pankanti and S. Prabhakar and A. K. Jain},
title		=	{On the Individuality of Fingerprints},
institution	=	{IEEE},
journal		=	{Transactions on PAMI},
volume		=	{24},
number		=	{8},
pages		=	{1010--1025},
year		=	{2002},
}

@article{srinivasan_singular_points,
author		=	{V. S. Srinivasan and N. N. Murthy},
title		=	{Detection of Singular Points in Fingerprint Images},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{25},
number		=	{2},
pages		=	{139--153},
year		=	{1992}
}

@article{sherlock_model,
author		=	{B.G.Sherlock and D.M.Monro},
title		=	{A Model for Interpreting Fingerprint Topology},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{26},
number		=	{7},
pages		=	{1047--1055},
year		=	{1993}
}

@article{viscaya_model,
author		=	{Viscaya and Gerhardt},
title		=	{A Nonlinear Orientation Model for Global Description of Fingeprints},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{29},
number		=	{7},
pages		=	{1221-1231},
year		=	{1996}
}

@inproceedings{gu_model,
author		=	{Jinwei Gu and Jie Zhou},
title		=	{A Novel Model for Orientation Field of Fingerprints},
booktitle	=	{IEEE Computer Society Conference On Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
year		=	{2003}
}


@article{kaas_witkins_oriented,
author		=	{M. Kaas and A. Witkin},
title		=	{Analyzing Oriented Patterns},
journal		=	{Computer Vision Graphics Image Processing},
volume		=	{37},
number		=	{4},
pages		=	{362--385},
year		=	{1987}
}

@conference{bazen_gerez_singular_points,
author		=	{A. M. Bazen and S.H. Gerez},
title		=	{Extraction  of  Singular  Points  from Directional   Fields  of  Fingerprints},
booktitle	=	{Mobile  Communications  in  Perspective,  Annual  CTIT  Workshop,  The   Netherlands},
month		=	{February},
year		=	{2001}
}

@inproceedings{jian_adaptive_tracing,
author		=	{Jiang and Yau and Ser},
title		=	{Minutiae Extraction by Adaptive Tracing the Gray Level Ridge of the Fingerprint Images},
booktitle	=	{International Conference On Image Processing},
volume		=	{Vol.2},
pages		=	{852--856},
year		=	{1999}
}

@misc{ansi_data_interchange,
title		=	{American National Standard for Information Systems, Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint Information},
note		=	{ANSI/NIST-CSL 1-1993},
author		=	{American National Standards Institute, New York},
year		=	{1993},
}

@techreport{nfis2,
author		=	{M. D. Garris and  C. I. Watson and R. M. McCabe and C. L. Wilson},
title		=	{User’s Guide to NIST Fingerprint Image Software (NFIS)},
number		=	{NISTIR 6813},
institution	=	{National Institute of Standards and Technology},
year		=	{2002}
}

@inproceedings{jain_identity_authentication,
author		=	{A. K. Jain and L. Hong and S. Pankanti and Ruud Bolle},
title		=	{An Identity-Authentication System Using Fingerprints},
booktitle	=	{Proceedings of the IEEE},
volume		=	{85},
number		=	{9},
year		=	{1997},
pages		=	{1365--1388}
}

@article{kovacs_vajna_triangles,
author		=	{Zsolt Miklós Kovács-Vajna},
title		=	{A Fingerprint Verification System Based on Triangular Matching and Dynamic Time Warping},
journal		=	{Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
institution	=	{IEEE},
volume		=	{22},
number		=	{11},
year		=	{2000},
pages		=	{1266-1276}
}

@conference{jiang_local_global,
author		=	{Xudong Jiang and Wei-Yun Yau},
title		=	{Fingerprint Minutiae Matching Based on the Local And Global Structures},
booktitle	=	{International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
year		=	{2000},
pages		=	{1038--1041}
}

@misc{biometrika_evaluation,
author		=	{Biometrika inc.},
title		=	{A technical evaluation of fingerprint scanners},
note		=	{http://www.biometrika.it/eng/wp_scfing.html}
}

@inproceedings{tjea_viraj_partial,
author		=	{T. Jea and V. K. Chavan and V. Govindaraju and J. K. Schneider},
title		=	{Security and matching of partial fingerprint recognition systems},
booktitle	=	{Proceeding of SPIE},
number		=	{5404},
year		=	{2004},
pages		=	{39--50}
}

@misc{onin,
title		=	{http://onin.com}
}



@article{bazen_tps,
author		=	{Asker M. Bazen and Sabih H. Gerez},
title		=	{Fingerprint matching by thin-plate spline modeling of elastic deformations},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{36},
year		=	{2003},
pages		=	{1859-1867}
}

@misc{wegstein_report,
author		=	{J. H. Wegstein},
title		=	{An Automated Fingerprint Identification System},
note		=	{U.S. Government Publication, National Bureau of Standards},
year		=	{1982}
}

@inproceedings{luo_minutiae_matching,
author		=	{X. Luo and J. Tian and Y. Wu},
title		=	{A Minutia Matching Algorithm in Fingerprint Verification},
booktitle	=	{International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{4},
year		=	{2000},
pages		=	{833--836}
}


@article{ratha_real_time,
author		=	{N. K. Ratha and K. Karu and S. Chen and A. K. Jain},
title		=	{A Real-Time Matching System for Large Fingerprint Databases},
journal		=	{Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
institution	=	{IEEE},
volume		=	{18},
number		=	{8},
year		=	{1996},
pages		=	{799-813}
}

@article{ranade_relaxation,
author		=	{A. Ranade and A. Rosenfeld},
title		=	{Point Pattern Matching by Relaxation},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{12},
number		=	{2},
year		=	{1993},
pages		=	{269--275}
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@inproceedings{matsumoto_gummy_fingers,
author		=	{T. Matsumoto and H. Matsumoto and K. Yamada and  S. Hoshino},
title		=	{Impact of Artificial Gummy Fingers on Fingerprint Systems},
booktitle	=	{Proceedings of SPIE,Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques IV},
volume		=	{8577},
year		=	{2002}
}

@conference{govindaraju_size,
author		=	{V. Govindaraju and J. Schneider and L. Pratt},
title		=	{On the Correlation of Image Size to System Accuracy in Fingerprint Identification Systems},
booktitle	=	{4th International Conference on Audio and Video Based Biometric Person Authentication, Surrey, UK},
month		=	{June},
year		=	{2003}
}

@article{germain_clustering,
author	=	{R. S. Germain and A. Califano and S. Colville},
title		=	{Fingerprint matching using transformation parameter clustering},
journal	=	{Computational Science and Engineering},
volume	=	{4},
number	=	{7},
year		=	{1997},
pages		=	{42--49}
}

@proceedings{bolle_bootstrap,
author		=	{R. Bolle and N. Ratha and S. Pankanti},
title			=	{Evaluating Authentication Systems using Bootstrap Confidence Intervals},
booktitle	=	{Workshop on Automatic Identification Advanced Technologies},
year			=	{1999},
institution={IEEE}
}

@misc{first_ruling,
title = {http://www.ridgesandfurrows.homestead.com/science.html}
}

@conference{sharat_wacv,
author		=	{S. Chikkerur and S. Pankanti and N. K. Ratha and R. Bolle and V. Govindaraju},
title 		=	{Novel approaches for Minutiae Verification in Fingerprint Images},
booktitle = {IEEE WACV},
year		  = {2005}
}

@conference{sharat_avbpa05,
author		=	{S. Chikkerur and S. Pankanti and N. K. Ratha and V. Govindaraju},
title			=	{Singular point detection in fingerprint images using linear phase portraits(submitted)},
booktitle = {AVBPA},
year			= {2005}
}


@article{cappelli_classification,
author		=	{R. Cappelli and A. Lumini and D. Maio and D. Maltoni},
title			=	{Fingerprint Classification by Directional Image Partitioning},
journal		=	{IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
volume		=	{21},
number		=	{5},
year			=	{1999}
}

@report{candela_pcasys,
author		=	{G. T. Candela and P. J. Grother and C. I. Watson and R. A. Wilkinson and C. L. Wilson},
title			=	{PCASYS - A Pattern-level Classification Automation System for Fingerprints},
number		=	{NISTIR 5647},
month			=	{April},
year			=	{1995},
url				=	{http://www.itl.nist.gov/iad/894.03/pubs.html}
}

@journal{karu_classification,
author		=	{K. Karu and A.K. Jain},
title			=	{Fingerprint Classification},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{29},
number		=	{3},
pages			=	{389--404},
year			=	{1996}
}

@article{rao_black_classification,
author		=	{K. Rao and K. Balck},
title			=	{Type Classification of Fingerprints: A Syntactic Approach},
journal		=	{IEEE Transactions on  Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
volume		=	{2},
number		=	{3},
pages			=	{223-231},
year			=	{1980}
}

@conference{senior_classifier,
author		=	{A. Senior},
title			=	{A Hidden Markov Model Fingerprint Classifier},
booktitle =	{31st Asilomar Conf. Signals, Systems, and Computers},
pages			=	{306--310},
year			=	{1997}
}

@article{jain_multichannel_classification,
author		=	{A. K. Jain and S. Prabhakar and L. Hong},
title			=	{A Multichannel Approach to Fingerprint Classification},
journal		=	{IEEE Transactions on  Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence},
volume		=	{21},
number		=	{4},
pages			=	{348--359},
year			=	{1999}
}

@article{acton_amfm,
author		=	{Oriented Texture Completion by AM-FM Reaction-Diffusion},
journal		=	{IEEE Transactions on Image Processing},
volume		=	{10},
number		=	{6},
year			=	{2001}
}

@article{che_enhancement,
author		=	{Che-Yen Wen and Chiu-Chung Yu},
title			=	{Fingerprint Enhancement Using AM-FM reaction diffusion systems},
journal		=	{Journal of Forensic Science},
volume		=	{48},
number		=	{5},
year			=	{2003}
}

@misc{nist_srd,
title			=	{http://www.nist.gov/fingerprints/srd}
}

@conference{greenberg_filtering,
author		=	{S. Greenberg  and M. Aladjem  and  D. Kogan and I. Dimitrov },
title			=	{Fingerprint image enhancement using filtering techniques},
booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{3},
pages			=	{326--329},
year			=	{2000}
}


@article{yang_structure,
author		=	{G. Z. Yang and P. Burger and D. N. Firmin and S. R. Underwood},
title			=	{Structure Adaptive Anisotropic Image Filtering},
journal		= {Image and Vision Computing},
volume		=	{14},
pages			=	{135--145},
year			=	{1996}
}

@confernce{sherstinksy_lattice,
author		=	{A. Sherstinsky and R. W. Picard},
title			=	{Restoration and Enhancement of Fingeprint Images using M-lattice},
booktitle	= {International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
pages			=	{195--200},
year			=	{1994}
}

@conference{chang_texture,
author		=	{T. Chang},
title			=	{Texture Analysis of Digitized Fingerprints for Singularity Detection},
booktitle = {International Conference on Pattern Recognition},
pages			=	{478--480},
year			=	{1980}
}

@article{mehtre_segmentation,
author		=	{B. M. Mehtre and N. N. Murthy and S. Kapoor and B. Chatterjee},
title			=	{Segmentation of fingerprint images using the directional image},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{20},
pages			=	{429--425},
year			=	{1987}
}

@article{mehtre_composite,
author		=	{B. M. Mehtre and B. Chatterjee},
title			=	{Segmentation of fingerprint images- a composite method},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{22},
pages			=	{381--385},
year			=	{1989}
}

@conference{jon_weakmodel,
author		=	{J. Connell and N. K. Ratha and R. M. Bolle},
title			=	{Fingerprint Image Enhancement using Weak Models},
booktitle	=	{IEEE International Conference on Image Processing},
year			=	{2002}
}

@misc{kovesi_matlab,
author 				= {P. D. Kovesi},
title 				= {MATLAB Functions for Computer Vision and Image Analysis},
note 					= {http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/simpk/research/matlabfns}
}

@article{jain_twins,
author		=	{A. K. Jain and S. Prabhakar and S. Pankanti},
title			=	{On the similarity of identical twin prints},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{29},
number		=	{8},
pages			=	{2653--2663}
}

@inproceedings{choudhary_correlation,
author		=	{A. M. Choudhary and A. A. S. Awwal},
title			=	{Optical pattern recognition of fingerprints using distortion-invariant phase-only filter},
booktitle = {SPIE, Photonic devices and algorithms for computer},
volume		=	{3805},
pages			=	{162--170},
year			=	{1999},
month			=	{October}
}

@inproceedings{lee_correlator,
author		=	{S. H. Lee and S. Y. Yi and E. S. Kim},
title			=	{Fingerprint identification by use of volume holographic optical correlator},
booktitle = {SPIE Optical pattern recognition},
volume		=	{3715},
pages			=	{321--325},
month			=	{march},
year			=	{1999}
}

@article{roberge_correlator,
author		=	{D. Roberge and C. Soutar and B. V. K. Kumar},
title			=	{Optimal trade-off filter for the correlation of fingerprints},
journal		=	{Optical Engineering},
volume		=	{38},
number		=	{1},
pages			=	{108--113},
year			=	{1999}
}

@techreport{watson_optical,
author			=	{Watson and Grother and Caessant},
title				=	{Distortion Tolerant Filter for Elastic-Distorted Fingerprint},
institution	=	{National Institute of Standards and Technology},
year				=	{2000},
number			=	{NIST IR 6489}
}

@techreport{nist_itl,
author			=	{R. M. McCabe},
title				=	{ANSI/NIST-ITL 1-2000 Data Format for the Interchange of Fingerprint, Facial, and Scar Mark and Tattoo (SMT) Information},
year				=	{2000}
}

@book{lee_gaensslen,
author			=	{H. C. Lee and R. E. Gaennslen},
title				=	{Advances in Fingerprint Technology},
publisher		=	{Elsevier},
year				=	{2001}
}

@conference{karthik_correlation,
author			=	{K. Nandakumar and A. K. Jain},
title				=	{Local Correlation-based Fingerprint Matching},
booktitle		=	{Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing},
pages				=	{503-508},
year				=	{2004}
}

@article{jea_pr,
author = {Tsai-Yang Jea and Venu Govindaraju},
title = {A minutia-based partial fingerprint recognition system},
journal = {Submitted to Pattern Recognition},
year = 	{2004}
}

@article{coetzee_botha,
author	=	{L. Coetzee and E. C. Botha},
title		=	{Fingerprint Recognition in Low Quality Images},
journal	=	{Pattern Recognition},
year		=	{1993},
volume	=	{26},
number	=	{10}
}

@inproceedings{tico_topographic,
author	  =	{M. Tico and P. Kuosmanen},
title		  =	{A Topographic Method for Fingerprint Segmentation},
booktitle = {Internal Conference on Image Processing},
year			=	{1999},
pages			=	{36--40}
}

@article{jiang_tracing,
author		=	{Jiang and Yau and Ser},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{34},
number		=	{5},
pages			=	{999-1013},
year			=	{2001}
}

@article{nilsson_bigun,
author		=	{K. Nilsson and J. Bigun},
title			=	{Localization of corresponding points in fingerprints by complex filtering},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition Letters},
volume		=	{24},
year			=	{2003}
}

@article{tico_singular_point,
author		=	{ P. Ramo and M. Tico and V. Onnia and J. Saarinen},
title			=	{Optimized singular point detection algorithm for fingerprint images},
journal		=	{IEEE Transactions on Image Processing},
volume		=	{3},
pages			=	{242--245},
year			=	{2001}
}


@conference{ratha_pandit,
author		=	{N. K. Ratha and V. D. Pandit and R. M. Bolle and V. Vaish},
title			=	{Robust Fingerprint Authentication Using Local Structure Similarity},
booktitle	=	{Workshop on applications of Computer Vision},
pages			=	{29--34},
year			=	{2000}
}

@conference{domeniconi_hessian,
title			=	{Direct Gray Scale Ridge Reconstruction in Fingerprint Images},
author		=	{C. Domeniconi and S. Tari and P. Liang},
booktitle = {ICASSP},
year			=	{1998}
}

@inbook{yao_quality,
chapter		=	{Fingerprint Quality Assessment},
author		=	{M. Y. Yao and S. Pankanti and N. Haas},
editor		=	{Nalini Ratha and Ruud Bolle},
title			=	{Automatic Fingerprint Recognition Systems},
publisher	=	{Springer Verlag},
year			=	{2004}
}

@phdthesis{nilsson_filters,
author	  = {K. Nilsson},
title     = {Symmetry Filters Applied to Fingerprints},
year      = {2005},
school    = {Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden}
}


@conference{nilsson_symmetry,
author		=	{K. Nilsson and J. Bigun},
title			=	{Prominent Symmetry Points as Landmarks in Fingerprint Images for Alignment},
booktitle = {ICPR-16},
pages			=	{395--398},
year			=	{2002}
}

@mastersthesis{sharat_thesis,
author			=	{S. Chikkerur},
title				=	{Online Fingerprint Verification},
school			=	{University at Buffalo},
howpublished= {http://www.eng.buffalo.edu/~ssc5},
}

@conference{sharat_icapr,
author			=	{S. Chikkerur and V. Govindaraju},
booktitle   = {International Workshop on Pattern Recognition for Crime Prevention, Security and Surveillance (ICAPR 05)},
year				=	{2005},
title				=	{Fingerprint Image Enhancement Using {STFT} Analysis},
pages				=	{20-29}
}

@conference{sharat_icb06,
author			=	{S. Chikkerur and V. Govindaraju},
booktitle		=	{International Conference on Biometrics (accepted)},
year				=	{2006},
title				=	{K-plet and {CBFS}: A graph based fingerprint representation and matching algorithm}
}

@conference{sharat_autoid05,
author			= {S.Chikkerur and N. K. Ratha},
booktitle		=	{IEEE AUTOID 05},
year				=	{2005},
title				=	{Imapact of Singular Point Detection on Fingerprint Matching Performance}
}

@conference{uludag_vault,
author			=	{U. Uludag and S. Pankanti and A. K. Jain},
title				=	{Fuzzy Vault for Fingerprints},
booktitle		=	{AVBPA},
year				=	{2005},
pages				=	{310--319}
}

@article{teoh_biohashing,
author 	 	=	{Andrew Teoh Beng Jin and David Ngo Chek Ling and Alwyn Goh},
title			=	{Biohashing: two factor authentication featuring fingerprint data and tokenised random number},
journal		=	{Pattern Recognition},
volume		=	{37},
issue			=	{11},
pages			=	{2245-2255},
year			=	{2004}
}

@conference{tuyls_fingerprint,
author		=	{Pim Tuyls and Anton H. M. Akkermans and Tom A. M. Kevenaar and Geert Jan Schrijen and Asker M. Bazen and Raymond N. J. Veldhuis},
title			=	{Practical Biometric Authentication with Template Protection},
booktitle	=	{AVBPA},
year			=	{2005},
pages			=	{436--446}
}


@conference{tulyakov_hash,
author		=	{Sergey Tulyakov and Faisal Farooq and Venu Govindaraju},
title			=	{Symmetric Hash Functions for Fingerprint Minutiae},
booktitle	=	{ICAPR},
year			=	{2005},
pages			=	{30--38}
}

@conference{anon,
author		=	{Author}
}

@Article{gormann_prolog,
  author = 	 {O'Gormann},
  title = 	 {Comparing Passwords, Tokens and Biometrics for User Authentication},
  journal = 	 {IEEE},
  year = 	 {2003},
  volume =	 {91},
  number =	 {12},
}

@TechReport{hao_biocrypto,
  author = 	 {F. Hao and R. Anderson and J. Daugman},
  title = 	 {Combining Cryptography with Biometrics Effectively},
  institution =  {University of Cambridge},
  year = 	 {2005},
}