Binomial Water Suppression (see WATERGATE)

Introduction:

The binomial water suppression pulse sequence is a spin-echo type experiment in which the 1800 pulse is embedded between two pulsed field gradients.  Following an initial pulse, the first field gradient dephases all coherences.  The six embedded pulses have periods of 3a, 9a, 19a, 19a, 9a, and 3a, where 26a corresponds to a 1800 pulse.  The result is that the binomial pulse sequence changes the coherence order of all resonances except that of water.  The second field gradient dephases the water signal and rephases all other resonances. 
 
References:
  • M. Piotto, V. Saudek, V. Sklenar, J. Biomol. NMR 1992, 2, 661-666.
  • V. Sklenar, M. Piotto, R. Leppik, V. Saudek, J. Magn. Reson. Ser. A 1993, 102, 241-245.
  • L. A. Trimble, M. A. Bernstein, J. Magn. Reson. Ser. B 1994, 105, 67-72.
  • T.-L. Hwang, A. J. Shaka, J. Magn. Reson. Ser. A 1995, 112, 275-279.