Group Publications (1994-)

S. Yuan, U.B. Pal and K.C. Chou, ``Deoxidation of Molten Metals by Short Circuiting Yttria-Stabilized Electrolyte Cell,'' J. Electrochem. Society, 141(2), (1994), p. 467.

G. G. Krishna Murthy, A. Hasham, U. B. Pal, ``Removal of FeO during Foaming of CaO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂-FeO Slags by Low Carbon Melts,'' ISIJ International, 34(5), (1994), p. 408.

F. Patsiogiannis, U. B. Pal, and R. Bogan, ``Laboratory Scale Refining Studies on Low Carbon Aluminum Killed Steels Using Synthetic Fluxes,'' ISIJ International, 34(2), (1994), p. 140.

F. Patsiogiannis, U. B. Pal, and R. Bogan, ``Kinetic Studies on the Desulfurization of Aluminum Killed Low Carbon Steel Using Synthetic Fluxes,'' Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly, 33(4), (1994), p. 305.

Z. Hasham, U. B. Pal, K. C. Chou and W. L. Worrell, ``Deoxidation of Molten Steel by Short Circuiting Solid Oxide Fuel Cell,'' J. of the Electrochem. Society, 141(2), (1995), p. 469.

S. Yuan, U. B. Pal and K. C. Chou, ``Modeling and Scale up of Galvanic Deoxidation of Molten Metals Using Short Circuited Solid Electrolyte Cells,'' J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 79(3), (1996), p. 641.

F. Patsiogiannis and U. B. Pal ``Incorporation of Sulfur in an Optimized Ladle Steelmaking Slag,'' ISIJ International, 36(4), (1996), p. 402.

F. Patsiogiannis, U. B. Pal and K. C. Chou, ``Incorporation of Chlorine in a Secondary Steelmaking Slag Based on the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 System,'' ISIJ International, 36(9), (1996).

S. Sridhar and U. B. Pal, ``Effect of Slurry Properties on Anode Cermets for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells,'' Journal of Powder Technology, 88(2), (1996), p. 173.

S. Yuan and U. B. Pal, ``Analytical Solution for Charge Transport and Chemical Potential Variation in Single and Multi-layer Device of Different Mixed Conducting Oxides,'' J. of the Electrochem. Society, 143(10), (1996), p. 3214.

S. Yuan, U. Pal and K. C. Chou, ``Analysis of Deoxidation of Molten Metals Using Fast Ion Conductor and Short Circuiting Method,'' EPD Congress '94, Ed. by G.W. Warren, TMS Publication, (1994), p. 1097.

S. Yuan, Z. Hasham, U. B. Pal and K. C. Chou, ``Deoxidation of Molten Metals Using Short Circuited Fast Ion Conductors,'' Proceedings of the 2nd. Intl. Symp. on Metall. Processes for the Year 2000 and Beyond, TMS Publication, (1994), p. 401.

S. Seetharaman, K. C. Chou and U. B. Pal, ``Evaluation of the Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Catalytic Steam Reforming Over SOFC Anode Materials,'' Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, Ed. by M. Dokiya, O. Yamamoto, H. Tagawa and S. C. Singhal, ECS Publication, p. 829, (1995).

S. Yuan, Z. Hasham, U.B. Pal and K. C. Chou, ``Inclusion Free Refining of Molten Metals,'' Proceedings of the 1995 NSF Design and Manufacturing Systems Conference, SME Publication, (1995), p. 473.

U.B. Pal, S. Yuan and S. Britten, ``New Applications of Ceramic Conductors in Process Metallurgy,'' Proceedings of the 1996 NSF Design and Manufacturing Systems Conference, SME Publication, (1996), p. 417.

A. Powell, J. Van Den Avyle, B. Damkroger, J. Szekely and U. Pal, ``Analysis of Multicomponent Evaporation in Electron Beam Melting and Refining of Titanium Alloys,'' submitted to Metallurgical Transactions September 1996, accepted for publication January 1997.

A. Powell, J. Van Den Avyle, B. Damkroger and U. Pal, ``Prospects for Titanium Alloy Composition Control by Electron Beam Scan Frequency Manipulation,'' Proc. Conf. EBM&R State of the Art 1996.

Patents (1994-):

U. B. Pal, H. Landes, and H. Grenier, ``Process for Sealing High-Temperature Fuel Cells,'' International Patent No. WO 94/10717. Issued May 11, 1994. U.S. Patent No. 5,532,071. Issued July 2, 1996.

U. B. Pal, G. K. Krishnamurthy, and A. Hasham, ``Process of Discharging Charge-Build Up in Slags During Steelmaking,'' U.S. Patent No. 5,314,524. Issued May 24, 1994.

U. B. Pal, K. C. Chou, S. Yuan, and Z. Hasham, ``Method for Refining Molten Metals and Recovering Metals from Slags,'' U.S. Patent No. 5,443,699, Issued August 1995.

H. L. Tuller, S. A. Kramer, M. A. Spears, and U. B. Pal, ``Solid Electrolyte-Electrode System for an Electrochemical Cell,'' U.S. Patent No. 5,509,189. Issued April 23, 1996.

U. B. Pal, G. K. Krishnamurthy and A. Hasham, ``Processing for Improving Metal Production in Steelmaking Processes,'' U.S. Patent No. 5,527,374. Issued June 18, 1996.

U. B. Pal, G. K. Krishnhamurthy and A. Hasham, ``Apparatus for Refining a Low Carbon Steel Melt,'' U.S. Patent No. 5,567,286. Issued October 22, 1996.

U. B. Pal and J. Szekeley, ``Method and Apparatus for Enhancing Reaction Rates in Metals Refining, Extraction and Recycling Operations Involving Melts Containing Ionic Species Such as Slags, Mattes, Fluxes, etc.,'' MIT Case 6871, filed with U.S. Patent Office, Jan. 1995.

U. B. Pal and D. R. Sadoway, ``Accelerated Decarburization of Fe-C Alloys,'' MIT Case 6280, filed with U.S. Patent Office, Oct 1995.