The Net Advance of Physics:
SUPERGIANT & HYPERGIANT STARS

STARS: SUPERGIANT and HYPERGIANT:

• General:
  • Supergiant. [Wikipedia]
  • Extragalactic Supergiants by Miguel A. Urbaneja and R. P. Kudritzki [2017/02]

• Type: A:
  • A Supergiants by Norbert Przybilla et al. [2004/09]

• Type: BLUE:
  • Blue Supergiants. [R. Nave's HyperPhysics Site]
  • Blue supergiant. [Wikipedia]

  • Blue Supergiants as a Tool for Extragalactic Distances - Theoretical Concepts by Rolf-Peter Kudritzki and Norbert Przybilla [Lect. Notes Phys. 635, 123 (2003)]
  • Blue Supergiants as a Tool for Extragalactic Distances - Empirical Diagnostics by Fabio Bresolin [Lect. Notes Phys. 635, 149 (2003)]

• Type: RED:
  • Red Supergiants. [R. Nave's HyperPhysics Site]
  • Red supergiant. [Wikipedia]

  • On determining the mass-loss rates of red giants and red supergiants based on infrared data by Jacco Th. van Loon [2006/12]
  • The Physical Properties of Red Supergiants: Comparing Theory and Observations by Philip Massey et al. [2008/01]
  • Massive stars in their death-throes by John J. Eldridge [2008/09]
  • The Physical Properties of Red Supergiants by Emily M. Levesque [2009/11]
  • Circumstellar Material Around Evolved Massive Stars by Nathan Smith [2010/10]
  • Clusters rich in red supergiants by Ignacio Negueruela [2015]
  • Betelgeuse: A review by J. C. Wheeler and E. Chatzopoulos [2023/06]

• Type: HYPERGIANT:
  • Eta Carinae -- Physics of the Inner Ejecta by Fred Hamann [2012/08]

• Re: DISTANCE INDICATORS:
  • Blue Supergiants as a Tool for Extragalactic Distances - Theoretical Concepts by Rolf-Peter Kudritzki and Norbert Przybilla [Lect. Notes Phys. 635, 123 (2003)]
  • Blue Supergiants as a Tool for Extragalactic Distances - Empirical Diagnostics by Fabio Bresolin [Lect. Notes Phys. 635, 149 (2003)]
  • Distances to Galaxies from the Brightest Stars in the Universe by R.-P. Kudritzki and M. A. Urbaneja [2011/12] Blue supergiants as distance candles.

• Re: MASS LOSS RATE:
  • On determining the mass-loss rates of red giants and red supergiants based on infrared data by Jacco Th. van Loon [2006/12]

ArXiv to 2006/11

THE NET ADVANCE OF PHYSICS