Grammar Notes 第 3 課 A

To print the answers to the grammar exercises on a single page, do the following:

add nihongo
add 21.japan
jlpr /mit/21.japan/printouts/grammar-answers3A.text


I.Loanwords

 Japanese has a lot of loanwords (especially from English) and they are 
  pronouned according to the Japanese phonological patterns. The loanwords 
  borrowed from European languages are written in Katakana, not Hiragana. 
  Here are some examples of loanwords that are introduced in L.3A:

     dollar(s)   ドル         
     cent      セント        
     pie      パイ         
     cake      ケーキ        
     coffee     コーヒー       
     pudding    プリン/プディング  
     icecream    アイスクリーム       
     computer    コンピューター      
     wordprocessor ワープロ      
     typewriter   タイプライター    
     tape      テープ                  
     etc.            
               
  Names of many (but not all) country names and foreign languages are also 
  loanwords (see. L.2A):

     Spain  スペイン
     Spanish スペインご
     France  フランス
     French  フランスご
     Germany  ドイツ
     German  ドイツご
     Chinese  ちゅうごくご
     etc.

  Note: 〜ご (language), which came from Chinese,  is not written in 
  katakana.  It is written in hiragana/kanji.

II.このX,そのX,あのX,どのX

 この;その;あの;どの must be followed by a nominal.

  Compare: 

   1.これです。
     このテープです。 
       **これテープです。 (ill-formed)
   2.どのワープロすか。 
     それです。or そのワープロです。
        **そのです。 (ill-formed)

 

れい(Examples)

1. A: おねがいします。 May I have that? (lit. I make a request.) B: どれですか。 Which one do you mean? A: そのケーキです。 That cake (closer to you). B: このケーキですか。 This cake? 2. A: どのコンピューターですか。これですか。 Which computer? Do you mean this one? B: いえ、ちがいます。あのコンピューターです。 No, I don't. I mean that computer over there.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Complete the following dialogues based on the provided situation.

A customer is looking at computers and word processors.

  1. Customer: おねがいします。
    Clerk:(Which one is it?)
    Customer:(That computer near you, I mean.)
  2. Customer: いくらですか。
    Clerk:(You mean that word processor over there, right?)
    Customer:ええ、そうです。たかくないですか。
    Clerk:(No, it's inexpensive.)

III.Counting numbers (up to 9999) and Classifiers: -ばん, -ドル, -セント


 

れい(Examples)

1.A: 何ばんですか。 What number is it? B: 4ばんです。 It's #4. 2.A: いくらでしたか。 How much was it? B: 300(さんびゃく)ドルでした。 It was $300. A: へえ。たかかったですねえ。 Wow. It was expensive, wasn't it? 3.17ドル50セントです。 It's $17.50.

れんしゅう(Exercises)--Express the following in Japanese.

  1. It's $500.
  2. It's 1,500-yen.
  3. (Do you mean) #30?
  4. Isn't it #300?
  5. Do you mean this dictionary? It's $125.
  6. Do you mean this typewriter? It's $100.
  7. Do you mean that cake (closer to you)? It is 280-yen.
  8. Do you mean that computer over there? It is $4600.
  9. Is it #9999?
  10. Is it #999?
  11. Was it #2790?
  12. Wasn't it $200?

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