12 Scenarios Scenario name Description Cost [$] Space requirement [m2] Risk [credits] Innovation [credits] Business as usual A model representing current building energy use and load demands for all buildings owned and operated by MIT on the main campus. Energy Star Appliances Academic/ A rating / Cost Not Available / Maintenance cost Not available Cool roof system (reflective film) / 10% energy None 1/8” 0 0 Partial implementation [1] Installation of nonintrusive retrofits, allowing building operations to continue throughout capital upgrades with minimal to no interruptions. Energy Star Appliances Residential / A rating Reflective window adhesive films / $14 per sqft PV / Inverter upgrades / 90-95% efficiency Air source heat pump 3 – 5 COP / $112 per sqft Active Chilled Beams / 30-40% savings / $47 per sqft LED Lighting Academic/ 75% efficiency / $15 per sqft LED Lighting Residential / 75% efficiency / $15 per sqft Low-flow plumbing / 2GPM / $1900 per equip. Duct Replacement & cleaning / $42 per sqft None None 2 sqm 2 sqm Up to 12” on ceiling None None None None 1 0 Full implementation Full energy retrofit, with no limitations with regards to operational disruptions (for example, installation of additional insulation in walls). Wall insulation upgrade / R-20 / $150 per façade sqft Curtainwall upgrade / U-0.2/ $79 per facade sqft Window Upgrade / U-0.2 / $79 per façade sqft Air-barrier Upgrade / <0.1perm / $40 per façade sqft Roof insulation upgrade / R-40 / $31 per roof sqft Radiant System / 6 to 11 W/m2/ $84 per sqft Heat Recovery Systems / 3 COP Low-flow plumbing / 2GPM / $1900 per equip. New PV installation / 5kWh/m2 / $61 per roof sqft 4”, disruptive 6”, disruptive None, disruptive 1”, disruptive Additional 4” 5” floor depth 9m3 per unit None Available roof area 2 0 [1] The “sensitivity” to disruption and energy needs are unique to each building archetype, so retrofit packages differ between archetypes. However, as the baseline model is somewhat calibrated, the change in energy use for each scenario is different for each building.
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